scholarly journals Obesities: A New Peer-Reviewed Open-Access Interdisciplinary Journal Fostering Research on Multifactorial Obesity and Associated Cardiometabolic Disorders

Obesities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Bruno Guigas
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Interdisciplinary Journal ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Obesity prevalence has increased continuously over the past 50 years, a dramatic worldwide expansion not only limited to industrialized countries but also observed in a large number of low- and middle-income countries experiencing rapid rural–urban transition [...]

scholarly journals Tobacco Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Changing the Present to Help the Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Hipple Walters ◽  
Ionela Petrea ◽  
Harry Lando
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Low And Middle Income

While the global smoking rate has dropped in the past 30 years (from 41.2% of men in 1980 to 31.1% in 2012 and from 10.6% of women in 1980 to 6.2% in 2012), the number of tobacco smokers has increased due to population growth (Ng et al., 2014). This tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure continue to harm people worldwide. Those harmed are often vulnerable: children, those living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), those with existing diseases, etc. As noted by the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 80% of those who smoke live in a LMIC (World Health Organization, 2017). Furthermore, it is often those who are more socio-economically disadvantaged or less educated in LMICs that are exposed to second-hand smoke at home and work (Nazar, Lee, Arora, & Millett, 2015).

Confronting the Vector of Tobacco-Related Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 308-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Allen
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Low And Middle Income

It has been estimated that the use of tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year, with most deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. This disparity is expected to increase over the next few decades. On the basis of current trends, tobacco use will kill more than 8 million people worldwide per annum by 2030, with eighty percent of those premature deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The significant burden of morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco use is well documented and proven and will not be repeated here.The evidence base for addressing the tobacco epidemic domestically, regionally, and globally has developed in a systematic fashion over the past five decades. Effective measures for tobacco control are now well known and have been canvassed widely in the published literature.

scholarly journals Factors related with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among low- and middle-income settings: the 10/66 DRG study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Daskalopoulou ◽  
Yu-Tzu Wu ◽  
William Pan ◽  
Iago Giné Vázquez ◽  
Martin Prince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractSarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity research in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) is limited. We investigated sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity prevalence and sociodemographic, bio-clinical and lifestyle factors in LMICs settings. For the purposes of this study, the 10/66 Dementia Research Group follow-up wave information from individuals aged 65 and over in Cuba, Dominican Republic, Peru, Mexico, Puerto Rico, China, was employed and analysed (n = 8.694). Based on indirect population formulas, we calculated body fat percentage (%BF) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 12.4% (Dominican Republic) to 24.6% (rural Peru); sarcopenic obesity prevalence ranged from 3.0% (rural China) to 10.2% (rural Peru). Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for sarcopenia were higher for men 2.82 (2.22–3.57) and those with higher %BF 1.08 (1.07–1.09), whereas higher number of assets was associated with a decreased likelihood 0.93 (0.87–1.00). OR of sarcopenic obesity were higher for men 2.17 (1.70–2.76), those reporting moderate alcohol drinking 1.76 (1.21–2.57), and those with increased number of limiting impairments 1.54 (1.11–2.14). We observed heterogeneity in the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the 10/66 settings. We also found a variety of factors to be associated with those. Our results reveal the need for more research among the older population of LMICs.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis innovations mean little if they cannot save lives

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar Pai ◽  
Jennifer Furin
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Implementation Gaps ◽  
Urgent Action ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The past decade has seen the emergence of new diagnostics and drugs for tuberculosis, a disease that kills over 1.8 million people each year. However, these new tools are yet to reach scale, and access remains a major challenge for patients in low and middle income countries. Urgent action is needed if we are committed to ending the TB epidemic. This means raising the level of ambition, embracing innovation, increasing financial investments, addressing implementation gaps, and ensuring that new technologies reach those who need them to survive. Otherwise, the promise of innovative technologies will never be realized.

scholarly journals Global Trends in Child Obesity: Are Figures Converging?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María A. González-Álvarez ◽  
Angelina Lázaro-Alquézar ◽  
María Blanca Simón-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Economic Transitions

Infant obesity has become one of the most serious global health challenges of our time. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity has rapidly increased worldwide during the last two decades, especially in some developing countries where obesity is reaching levels on a par with some industrialized countries, or even higher. This fast growth has occurred especially in countries in the midst of rapid social-economic transitions. Most international comparisons focus on the adult population while analyses focusing on the child population are more limited. Using the methodology developed by Phillips and Sul [1], this paper studies the worldwide evolution of infant body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity prevalence for a large sample of countries during the period 1975-2016. Our results indicate that the figures for BMI or the prevalence of obesity in different countries do not converge, while the opposite is the case for overweight prevalence in children. Furthermore, there is a non-linear relationship between obesity and income or human capital, indicating that low and middle-income countries require a strong initiative for health policies targeting obesity prevention.

scholarly journals Short Take: Lowering the Access Barriers to Ethnographic Methodology

Field Methods ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1525822X2097109
Author(s):  
Tony V Pham
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Access Barriers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Ethnographic Methodology ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Researchers based in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) often cannot access conventional but high-priced ethnographic tools. I developed a low-cost methodology as an exercise in meeting the needs of both LMIC-based researchers and the broader qualitative community. As demonstrated in this proof of concept, ethnographic researchers should strive for a suite of open access software tools and common and affordable hardware to reduce inequities in knowledge generation and dissemination.

scholarly journals International Pesticide Operator Safety Meeting 2021: hand-held application scenarios in low- and middle-income countries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Röver ◽  
Anugrah Shaw ◽  
Christian J. Kuster
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Operator Safety ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractAn international web meeting on the topic of operator safety for pesticide operators was held on 20–21 September 2021. The meeting provided an opportunity for experts from regulatory agencies, pesticide industry, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and other organizations to discuss operator safety in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The meeting focused on risk assessment and risk mitigation, the first steps to address operator safety. The key message at the meeting was the need for an operator exposure model that includes common hand-held scenarios used in LMIC and consistent personal protective equipment communication. The experts supported a transparent collaborative process that will enable us to build on the past efforts.

scholarly journals Global Trends in Child Obesity: Are Figures Converging?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9252
Author(s):  
María A. González-Álvarez ◽  
Angelina Lázaro-Alquézar ◽  
María Blanca Simón-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Economic Transitions

Childhood obesity has become one of the most serious global health challenges of our time. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity has rapidly increased worldwide during the last two decades, especially in some developing countries where obesity is reaching levels on a par with some industrialized countries, or even higher. This fast growth has occurred especially in countries in the midst of rapid social-economic transitions. Most international comparisons focus on the adult population while analyses focusing on the child population are more limited. Using the methodology developed by Phillips and Sul, this paper studies the worldwide evolution of children’s body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity prevalence for a large sample of countries during the period 1975–2016. Our results indicate that the figures for BMI or the prevalence of obesity in different countries do not converge, while the opposite is the case for overweight prevalence in children. Furthermore, there is a non-linear relationship between obesity and income or human capital, indicating that low and middle-income countries require a strong initiative for health policies targeting obesity prevention.

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