scholarly journals Rapid Increase in the IS26-Mediated cfr Gene in E. coli Isolates with IncP and IncX4 Plasmids and Co-Existing cfr and mcr-1 Genes in a Swine Farm

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Zhenbao Ma ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Xiaoqin Liu ◽  
Wenguang Xiong ◽  
...  

This paper aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiological features of the cfr gene in E. coli isolates in a typical swine farm during 2014–2017. A total of 617 E. coli isolates were screened for the cfr gene using PCR amplification. A susceptibility test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), S1-PFGE, southern blotting hybridization, and the genetic context of the cfr gene were all used for analyzing all cfr-positive E. coli isolates. A conjugation experiment was conducted with the broth mating method using E. coli C600 as the recipient strain and 45 mcr-1-cfr-bearing E. coli isolates as the donor strain. Plasmids pHNEP124 and pHNEP129 were revealed by Illumina Miseq 2500. Eighty-five (13.7%) E. coli isolates were positive for the cfr gene and the prevalence of the cfr gene had significantly increased from 1.6% in 2014 to 29.1% in 2017. The Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis indicated that the spread of the cfr gene among E. coli isolates was mainly due to horizontal transfer. In addition, the cfr gene was primarily located on the plasmids between 28.8-kb to 60-kb in size, and the cfr gene was flanked by two copies of IS26 with the same orientation. Sequence analysis suggested that the plasmids pHNEP124 and pHNEP129 co-harboring the cfr and mcr-1 genes belonged to the plasmids IncP plasmid and IncX4 plasmid, respectively. In conclusion, this is the first study to report the high prevalence of the cfr gene among E. coli isolates and the first report of the complete genome sequence of IncP and IncX4 plasmids carrying the mcr-1 and cfr genes. The occurrence and dissemination of the cfr/mcr-1-carrying plasmids among E. coli isolates need further surveillance.

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1172-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. AVERY ◽  
A. SMALL ◽  
C.-A. REID ◽  
S. BUNCIC

Contamination of the brisket areas of the hides of healthy adult cattle with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli O157 at slaughter in England was studied. In total, 73 cattle consignments comprising 584 animals delivered to one abattoir over 3 days during 1 week in July 2001 were studied: 26 cattle consignments arriving on Monday, 32 consignments arriving on Wednesday, and 15 consignments arriving on Friday. Consignment sizes ranged from 1 to 23 animals, with a mean consignment size of 8. The hide of the first animal to be slaughtered in each consignment was sampled by using a sponge swab moistened with 0.85% saline to rub an unmeasured brisket (ventral) area (ca. 30 by 30 cm). The process of isolating E. coli O157 from the swabs consisted of enrichment, screening with immunoprecipitation assay kits, and immunomagnetic separation. E. coli O157 was found on 24 of 73 (32.9%) cattle hides examined, and 21 of these 24 isolates produced Shiga toxins. The 24 E. coli O157 isolates produced six different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles, and 18 (75%) of the isolates were of one prevalent clone. The high prevalence of one E. coli O157 clone on the hides of cattle at slaughter could be due to a high prevalence of that clone on the 18 farms involved (not investigated in the current study), in the postfarm transport or lairage environments, or both. Since the lairage environment, but not the farm of origin or the postfarm transport vehicle, was a factor common to all 18 cattle consignments, it could have played an important role in spreading the prevalent E. coli O157 clone to the cattle hides. Lairage pen floors and the stunning box floor were identified as the most probable sites along the unloading-to-slaughter route at which the brisket areas of cattle hides could become contaminated.


1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. AKIBA ◽  
T. MASUDA ◽  
T. SAMESHIMA ◽  
K. KATSUDA ◽  
M. NAKAZAWA

A total of 77 Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 (H−) isolates from cattle in Japan were investigated by molecular biological methods. Most of these isolates (43 isolates) possessed the stx2 gene, but not stx1. Fifteen bacteriophage types and 50 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were observed. One isolate was indistinguishable from the human outbreak strain by these methods. This indicates that cattle must be considered as a possible source of human E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 infection in Japan.


2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Wendorf ◽  
Meagan Kay ◽  
Christopher Baliga ◽  
Scott J. Weissman ◽  
Michael Gluck ◽  
...  

BACKGROUNDWe identified an outbreak of AmpC–producingEscherichia coliinfections resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems (CR) among 7 patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A during November 2012–August 2013. Gene sequencing revealed a shared novel mutation in ablaCMYgene and a distinctivefumC/ fimHtyping profile.OBJECTIVETo determine the extent and epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak, identify potential sources of transmission, design and implement infection control measures, and determine the association between the CRE. coliand AmpCE. colicirculating at hospital A.METHODSWe reviewed laboratory, medical, and endoscopy reports, and endoscope reprocessing procedures. We obtained cultures from endoscopes after reprocessing as well as environmental samples and conducted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and gene sequencing on phenotypic AmpC isolates from patients and endoscopes. Cases were those infected with phenotypic AmpC isolates (both carbapenem-susceptible and CR) and identicalblaCMY-2,fumC, andfimHalleles or related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns.RESULTSThirty-five of 49 AmpCE. colitested met the case definition, including all CR isolates. All cases had complicated biliary disease and had undergone at least 1 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A. Mortality at 30 days was 16% for all patients and 56% for CR patients. Two of 8 reprocessed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography scopes harbored AmpC that matched case isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Environmental cultures were negative. No breaches in infection control were identified. Endoscopic reprocessing exceeded manufacturer’s recommended cleaning guidelines.CONCLUSIONRecommended reprocessing guidelines are not sufficient.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2015;00(0): 1–9


2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. CHILDS ◽  
C. A. SIMPSON ◽  
W. WARREN-SERNA ◽  
G. BELLENGER ◽  
B. CENTRELLA ◽  
...  

This study was conducted to identify the origin of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination on steer hides at the time of harvest. Samples were collected from the feedlot, transport trailers, and packing plant holding pens and from the colons and hides of feedlot steers. A total of 50 hide samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7 in two geographical locations: the Midwest (25 positive hides) and Southwest (25 positive hides). Hide samples were screened, and the presence of E. coli O157: H7 was confirmed. E. coli O157:H7 isolates were fingerprinted by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and subjected to multiplex PCR procedures for amplification of E. coli O157:H7 genes stx1, stx2, eaeA, fliC, rfbEO157, and hlyA. Feedlot water trough, pen floor, feed bunk, loading chute, truck trailer side wall and floor, packing plant holding pen floor and side rail, and packing plant cattle drinking water samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis banding patterns were analyzed after classifying isolates according to the marker genes present and according to packing plant. In this study, hide samples positive for E. coli O157:H7 were traced to other E. coli O157:H7–positive hide, colon, feedlot pen floor fecal, packing plant holding pen drinking water, and transport trailer side wall samples. Links were found between packing plant side rails, feedlot loading chutes, and feedlot pens and between truck trailer, different feedlots, and colons of multiple cattle. This study is the first in which genotypic matches have been made between E. coli O157:H7 isolates obtained from transport trailer side walls and those from cattle hide samples within the packing plant.


2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Eisner ◽  
Elizabeth J. Fagan ◽  
Gebhard Feierl ◽  
Harald H. Kessler ◽  
Egon Marth ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Among 149 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected from patients in southeast Austria from 1998 to 2004, 38 Escherichia coli isolates and 11 Klebsiella spp. were CTX-M producers. The proportion of CTX-M-producers among all ESBL producers rose from 0% in 1998 to 58% in 2004. In general, CTX-M-producers had heterogeneous pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, but one E. coli isolate was identical to a United Kingdom epidemic CTX-M-15-producing strain, although no epidemiological link with the United Kingdom was apparent.


2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελπίδα Βιγγοπούλου

Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η απομόνωση Gram-αρνητικών στελεχών από περιστατικά ωτίτιδας στο σκύλο ανθεκτικών σε ευρέος φάσματος αντιμικροβιακά, συγκεκριμένα στις φθοριοκινολόνες και στα νεότερα β-λακταμικά αντιμικροβιακά, η διερεύνηση και ο καθορισμός του γενότυπου αντοχής τους με κύριο στόχο τη μελέτη του επιπολασμού και της διασποράς των γενετικών τους στοιχείων αντοχής. Όλα τα Gram-αρνητικά στελέχη που απομονώνονταν εξετάζονταν καταρχήν με τη μέθοδο Kirby-Bauer ως προς την αντοχή τους στο ναλιδιξικό οξύ, στις φθοριοκιονολόνες (σιπροφλοξακίνη, ενροφλοξακίνη, μαρμποφλοξακίνη και πραδοφλοξακίνη), στα β-λακταμικά αντιμικροβιακά (αμπικιλλίνη, αμοξυκιλλίνη-κλαβουλανικό οξύ, πιπερακιλλίνη-ταζομπακτάμη, κεφοξιτίνη, κεφουροξίμη, κεφταζιδίμη, κεφοπεραζόνη, κεφτριαξόνη, κεφοταξίμη, κεφεπίμη, αζτρεονάμη, ιμιπενέμη και μεροπενέμη) και σε άλλα αντιμικροβιακά σύμφωνα με τις συστάσεις του CLSI και του EUCAST. Ακολούθως, σε όλα τα ωτικά στελέχη προσδιορίστηκε η ελάχιστη ανασταλτική συγκέντρωση (MIC) του ναλιδιξικού οξέος και των φθοριοκινολονών, σιπροφλοξακίνη, ενροφλοξακίνη, μαρμποφλοξακίνη και πραδοφλοξακίνη με τη μέθοδο των διαδοχικών μικροαραιώσεων. Επιπλέον, σε επιλεγμένα στελέχη της Ε. coli υπολογίστηκε η MIC των φθοριοκινολονών, παρουσία ενός αναστολέα αντλίας εκροής, με σκοπό τον καθορισμό της υπερέκφρασης της αντλίας εκροής. Όλα τα στελέχη που απομονώθηκαν εξετάστηκαν με τεχνικές της PCR για την ανίχνευση των PMQR γονιδίων. Ακολούθως, όλα τα στελέχη που εμφάνιζαν αντοχή σε όλες τις φθοριοκινολόνες που εξετάστηκαν ή αντοχή μόνο σε μία φθοριοκινολόνη ή που έφεραν PMQR γονίδιο(α), εξετάστηκαν με τεχνικές της PCR, για την ενίσχυση τμημάτων των γονιδίων, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της QRDR περιοχής, για την ανίχνευση των μεταλλάξεων στα ένζυμα στόχους (DNA γυράση και τοποϊσομεράση IV) των φθοριοκινολονών. Επιπρόσθετα, ανιχνεύτηκαν και χαρακτηρίστηκαν οι μηχανισμοί αντοχής στις εκτεταμένου φάσματος κεφαλοσπορίνες σε τρία κλινικά στελέχη και σε επτά στελέχη κοπράνων της E. coli που παρουσίαζαν πολυανθεκτικότητα και τα οποία είχαν απομονωθεί από σκύλο που έπασχε από υποτροπιάζουσα ωτίτιδα και στον οποίο είχαν χορηγηθεί φθοριοκινολόνες και αναστολέας των β-λακταμών με αποτέλεσμα να αποικιστεί για μεγάλο χρονικό διάστημα. Ο προσδιορισμός της MIC έγινε με τη μέθοδο των διαδοχικών μικροαραιώσεων. Η φαινοτυπική ανίχνευση της παραγωγής των β-λακταμασών διενεργήθηκε με τη δοκιμή συνέργειας του διπλού δίσκου, τη δοκιμή των τριών-διαστάσεων, τη δοκιμή βορονικού οξέος και με την αναλυτική ισοηλεκτρική εστίαση. Όλα τα στελέχη της E. coli εξετάστηκαν με τεχνικές της PCR με σκοπό την ανίχνευση των γονιδίων που κωδικοποιούν AmpCs και ESBLs. Η μεταβίβαση των bla γονιδίων μέσω πλασμιδίων μελετήθηκε με την εφαρμογή πειραμάτων σύζευξης. Η ταυτοποίηση των πλασμιδίων έγινε με τις μεθόδους PCR-based-replicon-typing, S1-νουκλεάση-PFGE και plasmid-multilocus sequence typing. Το γενετικό περιβάλλον των bla γονιδίων καθορίστηκε με PCR χαρτογράφηση. Ο προσδιορισμός της γενετικής σχέσης των στελεχών της E. coli έγινε με τις μεθόδους multilocus sequence typing, ERIC2 PCR και Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis. Επιπλέον, αναλύθηκαν οι μηχανισμοί αντοχής στις εκτεταμένου φάσματος κεφαλοσπορίνες σε κλινικό ωτικό στέλεχος του P. mirabilis που έφερε χρωμοσωμικά εντοπισμένο blaCMY-2 γονίδιο. Ο προσδιορισμός της MIC έγινε με τη μέθοδο των διαδοχικών μικροαραιώσεων. Η φαινοτυπική ανίχνευση της παραγωγής των β-λακταμασών συνδυάστηκε με τις γενοτυπικές αναλύσεις (PCRs, ανάλυσης της αλληλουχίας, πειράματα σύζευξης, S1-νουκλεάση-PFGE και PCR χαρτογράφηση), η χρωμοσωμική έναντι της πλασμιδιακής εντόπισης εκτιμήθηκε με τη διεξαγωγή της I-CeuI ανάλυσης. Τέλος, σε δύο στελέχη του E. cloacae που παρουσίαζαν αντοχή στους αναστολείς των β-λακταμασών και στις κεφαμυκίνες έγινε έλεγχος παραγωγής επαγώγιμων ή σταθερά παραγόμενων AmpC β-λακταμασών. Ο προσδιορισμός της MIC έγινε με τη μέθοδο των διαδοχικών μικροαραιώσεων και εφαρμόστηκε το D-test με σκοπό τη φαινοτυπική ανίχνευση της παραγωγής των επαγώγιμων β-λακταμασών.


2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3266-3276 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROY ◽  
S. DATTA ◽  
P. DAS ◽  
R. GAIND ◽  
T. PAL ◽  
...  

SUMMARYThe study characterizes a collection of 67 neonatal septicaemicEscherichia coliisolates on the basis of phylogroup, serotype, virulence, antibiotic resistance and also the association of CTX-M-producingE. coliand the ST131 clone in a developing country. Phylogroups B2 and D were predominant (33% and 19%, respectively). The most prevalent virulence factors (VFs) weretraT(69%) andiucC(68%) and most VFs were concentrated in the B2 isolates. High levels of resistance (⩾70%) to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was recorded but meropenem remained the most active antimicrobial. Six (9%) of the study isolates belonged to the ST131 clone, five of which were from the same hospital, and were either indistinguishable or closely related by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although the prevalence of CTX-M-15-producing isolates was high (81%), the ST131 clone was relatively infrequent (11%) in extended spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL)-producers. The ST131 clone was characterized by the presence ofblaCTX-M-15,qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, IncF plasmids and virulence determinants such asiucC, papC, traT, usp, hlyA, iroNE.coli,cnf, andsat. We conclude that clonal spread of ST131 did not contribute directly to the high prevalence of CTX-M-15 in our settings.


2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1909-1917
Author(s):  
SAIDA ESSENDOUBI ◽  
XIANQIN YANG ◽  
ROBIN KING ◽  
JULIA KEENLISIDE ◽  
JAVIER BAHAMON ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 in colon contents and on carcasses from pigs slaughtered at provincially licensed abattoirs (PLAs) in Alberta, Canada. In 2017, carcass sponge samples and colon content samples were collected from 504 healthy market hogs at 39 PLAs and analyzed for E. coli O157:H7. Carcass samples were also analyzed for E. coli and aerobic colony count (ACC). Nine (1.8%) of 504 carcass samples were confirmed positive for E. coli O157:H7. Seven (1.4%) of 504 colon content samples were confirmed positive for E. coli O157:H7. These positives were found in 5 (12.8%) of 39 PLAs from hogs originating from eight farms. The E. coli O157:H7 isolates recovered from the positive samples (n = 1 isolate per sample) were clonal, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Six E. coli O157:H7 isolates obtained over 8 months from one PLA that only processed hogs and sourced hogs from one farm had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. All 16 E. coli O157:H7 isolates harbored eae and ehxA and were of stx2a subtype, suggesting that swine can carry E. coli O157:H7 of importance to human health. All carcass sponge swabs (100%) were positive for ACC. E. coli was present in 72% of carcass swabs. Carcasses from PLAs slaughtering both beef and hogs had a numerically higher ACC mean value but not statistically different compared with the carcasses from PLAs slaughtering only swine (2,799 and 610 CFU/cm2, respectively). E. coli showed a similar trend with a mean value of 0.88 CFU/cm2 in PLAs slaughtering both species and 0.26 CFU/cm2 in PLAs slaughtering only swine (P ≤ 0.05). This study provides evidence that healthy market hogs from different producers and farms in Alberta can carry E. coli O157:H7, and some strains of the organism may be able to establish persistence on some swine farms. HIGHLIGHTS


2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 4219-4224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Zhao ◽  
Zhangliu Chen ◽  
Sheng Chen ◽  
Yuting Deng ◽  
Yahong Liu ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT OqxAB has recently been identified as one of the mechanisms of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Compared to what is observed for other PMQR determinants, there is a paucity of data with regard to the prevalence and epidemiology of OqxAB and its contribution to resistance to different antimicrobials. In this study, the prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB and other PMQR genes in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment in 2002 in China were investigated. Of the 172 E. coli isolates, 39.0% carried oqxA, while only 4.1%, 2.9%, and 0.6% carried qnr (1 qnrB6 isolate, 5 qnrS1 isolates, and 1 qnrD isolate), qepA, and aac(6′)-Ib- cr, respectively. Among the 33 isolates from farmworkers, 10 (30.3%) were positive for oqxA. oqxAB was associated with IS26 and was carried on the 43- to 115-kb IncF transferable plasmid. Transconjugants carrying oqxAB showed 4- to 16-fold increases in the MICs of quinolones, 16- to 64-fold increases in the MICs of quinoxalines, 8- to 32-fold increases in the MICs of chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 4- to 8-fold increases in the MICs of florfenicol compared to the levels for the recipient. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that the high levels of prevalence and dissemination of oqxA B in E. coli in animal farms were primarily due to the transmission of plasmids carrying oqxAB, although clonal transmission between human and swine E. coli isolates was observed. It is concluded that oqxAB was widespread in animal farms in China, which may be due to the overuse of quinoxalines in animals. This study warrants the prudent use of quinoxalines in food animals.


1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Sayeed M Abdullah ◽  
M Shahidur Rahman Khan ◽  
Munirul Alam ◽  
Farjana Haq ◽  
Jayedul Hassan

The prevalence of E. coli in faecal sample of apparently healthy and clinical cases of goats was investigated. A total of 150 samples of which 90 from clinical cases and 60 from apparently healthy goat were examined. Among the samples examined, 65(72.22%) and 25(41.67%) were found to be positive for E. coli in clinical and healthy cases respectably. The banding pattern of chromosome of isolated E. coli from goats of apparently healthy and clinical cases was also carried out by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis through which the clonal relation between the isolated E. coli was studied. Chromosomal banding pattern of E. coli from goat of apparently healthy cases from same and different location were found identical which indicates similar clonal origin of E. coli. On the other hand, banding pattern of E. coli chromosome from diseased goat of different location were found dissimilar which may be either due to difference in origin of E. coli clone or phage encoded chromosome which can muted E. coli isolates. Thus it can be concluded that Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis profile varies according to severity of the disease.Keywords: Goat; E. coli; Isolation; Molecular CharacterizationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v27i1.9162BJM 2010; 27(1): 14-17


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