scholarly journals Cranial Mandibular Fibrosis Syndrome in Adult Farmed Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Irene Cano ◽  
John Worswick ◽  
Brian Mulhearn ◽  
Matt Green ◽  
Stephen W. Feist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Mandibular Region ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Tetracapsuloides Bryosalmonae ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Initiating Factors

An unusual condition affecting market size rainbow trout was investigated. This condition was prevalent for several years at low levels but affected a large proportion of stock during 2018 and 2019. Chronic fibrosis affecting cranial tissues and the jaw was observed in samples collected in 2018. A larger sampling was then conducted in 2019 to investigate the presence of an infectious agent(s). An extensive inflammatory response in the mandibular region was the main finding, however infectious agents in the lesions were not identified through classical virology and bacteriology analysis. Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infection, calcinosis, and a Gram-positive bacterial infection of a single fish cardiac tissue was observed, however, a correlation of these pathologies and the cranial mandibular fibrosis (CMF) syndrome was not established. The gene expression of a panel of 16 immune-related genes was studied. Among these, tgf-b, sIgM, il11, hspa, and the antimicrobial peptides lys and cath1 were up-regulated in jaw sections of CMF-affected fish, showing a strong positive correlation with the severity of the lesions. Idiopathic chronic fibrosis with the activation of the Tfg-B pathway and local hyper-immunoglobulaemia was therefore diagnosed. Initiating factors and causative agent(s) (biotic or abiotic) of CMF remain, at present, unclear.

scholarly journals The Early Immune Response of Lymphoid and Myeloid Head-Kidney Cells of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Stimulated with Aeromonas salmonicida

Fishes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Fabio Sarais ◽  
Ruth Montero ◽  
Sven Ostermann ◽  
Alexander Rebl ◽  
Bernd Köllner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Head Kidney Cells

The teleost head kidney is a highly relevant immune organ, and myeloid cells play a major role in this organ’s innate and adaptive immune responses. Because of their complexity, the early phases of the innate immune reaction of fish against bacteria are still poorly understood. In this study, naïve rainbow trout were stimulated with inactivated A. salmonicida and sampled at 12 h, 24 h and 7 d poststimulation. Cells from the head kidney were magnetically sorted with a monoclonal antibody mAB21 to obtain one (MAb21-positive) fraction enriched with myeloid cells and one (MAb21-negative) fraction enriched with lymphocytes and thrombocytes. The gene expression pattern of the resulting cell subpopulations was analysed using a panel of 43 immune-related genes. The results show an overall downregulation of the complement pathway and cytokine production at the considered time points. Some of the selected genes may be considered as parameters for diagnosing bacterial furunculosis of rainbow trout.

Glycolytic and Associated Enzymes of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Red Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

1991 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-485
Author(s):  
RALPH A. FERGUSON ◽  
KENNETH B. STOREY
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Low Levels

Studies were undertaken in vitro and in vivo to assess the maximal activities of 26 glycolytic and associated enzymes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) red cells. The red cells possess a complete sequence of glycolytic enzymes capable of anaerobic oxidation of glucose to lactate. Red cell pyruvate kinase (PK) was inhibited by ATP (I50 ≈5 mmol l−1), but was not sensitive to alanine inhibition or fructose-1,6-bisphosphate activation. The properties of red cell PK were similar to those of the muscle-type enzyme. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the trout erythrocyte resembled LDH from trout heart in terms of pyruvate inhibition in vitro. Enzymes associated with phosphagen and amino acid metabolism as well as the pentose phosphate shunt were also present. However, enzyme indicators of glycogenolytic and gluconeogenic potential were either absent or present at very low levels. The capacity for aerobic respiration via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was suggested by the presence of citrate synthase activity. The association of glycolytic enzymes with the particulate fraction of the red cell was assessed for six enzymes. No binding was detected for hexokinase, PK and LDH; low levels of binding by phosphofructokinase (5%), aldolase (1%) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (3%) were not altered by strenuous exercise. Glycolytic enzyme binding, therefore, does not appear to be an important regulator of energy metabolism in these cells. Intracellular glucose levels, in contrast, appeared to be regulated following exercise stress. An increase in intra-erythrocytic lactate levels at this time may reflect the importance of exogenously produced lactate as a substrate for ATP production. The description of trout red cell metabolism presented here provides a basis for further study of the relationships between organismic gas exchange and molecular-level adaptation of nucleated red cell function.

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