scholarly journals Do All Roads Lead to Rome? The Potential of Different Approaches to Diagnose Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Infection in Cats

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Katharina Raue ◽  
Jonathan Raue ◽  
Daniela Hauck ◽  
Franz Söbbeler ◽  
Simone Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Ct Examination ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Antibody Levels

An infection with the cat lungworm, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, can be subclinical, but it can also cause severe respiratory clinical signs. Larvae excretion, antibody levels, clinical assessment findings of the respiratory system and diagnostic imaging findings were recorded and compared for six cats with experimental aelurostrongylosis. In five cats, patency started 33–47 days post infection (pi), but two cats excreted larvae only in long intervals and low numbers. Positive ELISA results were observed in four cats with patent aelurostrongylosis, starting between five days before and 85 days after onset of patency. One seropositive cat remained copromicroscopically negative. Mild respiratory signs were observed in all cats examined. A computed tomographic (CT) examination of the lungs displayed distinct alterations, even in absence of evident clinical signs or when larvae excretion was low or negative. The thoracic radiograph evaluation correlated with the CT results, but CT was more distinctive. After anthelmintic treatment in the 25th week post infection, pulmonary imaging findings improved back to normal within 6–24 weeks. This study shows that a multifaceted approach, including diagnostic imaging, can provide a clearer diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Furthermore, a CT examination provides an alternative to post mortem examination and worm counts in anthelmintic efficacy studies.

scholarly journals Thoracic vertebral canal stenosis in cats: clinical features, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment and outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1191-1199
Author(s):  
Sabrina Gillespie ◽  
Steven De Decker
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Vertebral Canal ◽  
Canal Stenosis ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Initial Improvement ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
And Control

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment and outcome in cats with thoracic vertebral canal stenosis (TVCS). Methods Medical records and imaging studies of cats with TVCS were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome was acquired from patient records and from owners or referring veterinary surgeons via a telephone questionnaire. For each case, breed-, age- and sex-matched controls were identified with CT imaging of the thoracic vertebral column. For each cat, vertebral canal height was determined at three levels for each thoracic vertebra. Vertebral canal heights were compared between control cats of different breeds and between affected and control cats of the same breed. Results Nine TVCS cases were included. British Shorthairs and male neutered cats were over-represented ( P <0.05). Median age at presentation was 9 years. All cats were presented for a chronic, progressive, painful, ambulatory, T3–L3 myelopathy. Five cats were treated conservatively, three surgically and one was euthanased. Two cats treated surgically demonstrated improvement of clinical signs and one demonstrated initial improvement followed by deterioration. Of the conservatively treated cats, three deteriorated and two improved. Compared with controls, affected cats had a lower vertebral canal height at multiple thoracic vertebral levels, being most prominent for British Shorthairs and domestic shorthairs ( P <0.05). Unaffected British Shorthairs had a lower thoracic vertebral canal height at multiple levels than control domestic shorthairs ( P <0.05). Conclusions and relevance TVCS should be considered a differential diagnosis in middle-aged to older cats presenting with a chronic, progressive, painful, T3–L3 myelopathy. The predisposition of British Shorthairs could be explained by a narrower vertebral canal in this breed.

scholarly journals Presumptive acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion in 11 cats: clinical features, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment and outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances E Taylor-Brown ◽  
Steven De Decker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
External Trauma

Objectives The aim of the study was to describe the clinical features, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment and outcome in cats diagnosed with presumptive acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion. Methods Medical records and imaging studies of cats diagnosed with presumptive acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion were retrospectively reviewed. Information on long-term outcome was acquired from patient records and from either owners or referring veterinary surgeons via a telephone questionnaire. Results Eleven cats met the inclusion criteria. All cats had a peracute onset of clinical signs, with eight cats experiencing witnessed (n = 6) or suspected (n = 2) external trauma based on imaging findings. Neuroanatomical localisation included C1–C5 (n = 1), T3–L3 (n = 7) and L4–S3 (n = 3) spinal cord segments. MRI revealed acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusions located at C3–C4 (n = 1), T12–T13 (n = 1), T13–L1 (n = 1), L1–L2 (n = 1), L3–L4 (n = 3), L4–L5 (n = 1) and L5–L6 intervertebral disc spaces (n = 3). Treatment included supportive care and 10 cats were discharged with a median hospitalisation time of 10 days (range 3–26 days). One cat was euthanased during hospitalisation owing to complications unrelated to neurological disease. All cats that presented as non-ambulatory regained an ambulatory status with the median time to ambulation of 17 days (range 6–21 days). Overall, the outcome for cats diagnosed with acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion was successful, with almost 90% returning to ambulation with urinary and faecal continence. Conclusions and relevance The majority of cats diagnosed with acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion had good outcomes. Acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion should be considered as a differential diagnosis for cats presenting with peracute onset of spinal cord dysfunction, particularly if there is a clinical history or evidence of trauma.

Computed tomography, radiology and echocardiography in cats naturally infected with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lacava ◽  
Eric Zini ◽  
Federica Marchesotti ◽  
Oriol Domenech ◽  
Francesca Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Regional Lymph Node ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes

Objectives The aims of the study were to describe the radiographic and computed tomographic features in cats naturally infected with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, and to identify signs of pulmonary hypertension with echocardiography. Methods Fourteen cats positive on Baermann test for A abstrusus were included in the study. All cats underwent thoracic radiography, CT and echocardiography. Results The most common clinical signs were coughing (10/14) and dyspnoea (5/14). Radiographic findings included a generalised unstructured interstitial pulmonary pattern (8/14), mixed bronchointerstitioalveolar pattern (3/14) and bronchointerstitial pattern with bronchial wall thickening (3/14). Sternal lymphadenopathy was detected on thoracic radiographs in six cats. On CT, features were mixed bronchointerstitioalveolar pattern with ground-glass appearance in six cats, interstitioalveolar with multiple pulmonary nodules in five, interstitial ground-glass infiltrates in three, regional lymph node enlargement in 11 (10 sternal, three cranial mediastinal and three tracheobronchial lymph nodes) and subpleural thickening in four. None of the thoracic radiographs revealed subpleural thickening. In all cases, pulmonary vessels were normal in terms of size, shape and attenuation on both radiography and CT. Pulmonary hypertension and cardiac abnormalities were not observed in any cat during echocardiography. Conclusions and relevance CT provided a more thorough characterisation of pulmonary and mediastinal lesions compared with thoracic radiographs in cats naturally infected with A abstrusus. Although feline aelurostrongylosis has been previously associated with histopathological lesions in lung arteries, in this cohort clinical evidence of pulmonary hypertension was not documented.

Computed tomographic findings in 205 dogs with clinical signs compatible with middle ear disease: a retrospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-e20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Belmudes ◽  
Charline Pressanti ◽  
Paul Y. Barthez ◽  
Eloy Castilla-Castaño ◽  
Lionel Fabries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Middle Ear Disease

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC, RADIOGRAPHIC, AND ENDOSCOPIC TRACHEAL DIMENSIONS IN ENGLISH BULLDOGS WITH GRADE 1 CLINICAL SIGNS OF BRACHYCEPHALIC AIRWAY SYNDROME

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Kaye ◽  
Susanne A. E. B. Boroffka ◽  
Annika N. Haagsman ◽  
Gert Ter Haar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Computed Tomographic

The clinical and diagnostic imaging findings of osteosarcoma of the jaw

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Nakayama ◽  
K Sugiura ◽  
H Ishibashi ◽  
K Oobu ◽  
I Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Imaging Findings

Diagnostic Imaging of the Mueller-Weiss Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. Nguyen ◽  
Gino H. Tagoylo ◽  
Gregory A. Mote
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Navicular Bone ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Foot And Ankle

We report three patients with diagnostic imaging findings that are consistent with Mueller-Weiss syndrome. Mueller-Weiss syndrome is a rare condition that involves osteonecrosis of the navicular bone in an adult. The characteristic findings for Mueller-Weiss syndrome include a dorsomedial dislocation along with the collapse of the lateral navicular bone, resulting in a comma-shaped configuration. Through these three case studies, we aim to familiarize both foot and ankle specialists and radiologists with the diagnostic imaging findings for Mueller-Weiss syndrome.

Complete Temporal Lobectomy for Surgical Resuscitation of Patients with Transtentorial Herniation Secondary to Unilateral Hemispheric Swelling

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Nussbaum ◽  
Aizik L. Wolf ◽  
Leslie Sebring ◽  
Stuart Mirvis
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Transtentorial Herniation ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Scale Scores

Abstract Transtentorial herniation is an ominous finding in the patient with head injuries. We report our experience with 10 patients suffering from acute transtentorial herniation secondary to posttraumatic unilateral hemispheric swelling who were treated aggressively with temporal lobectomy. Eight patients were men and 2 were women. Their ages ranged from 22 to 61 years, with a mean of 37 years. Their preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale scores ranged from 3 to 6, with a mean of 4. All patients had both computed tomographic and clinical evidence of unilateral hemispheric shift and acute herniation without a significant subdural or epidural hematoma. Seven patients had unilateral nonreactive pupils and 3 had bilateral nonreactive pupils. All were taken to the operating room within 2 hours of clinical signs of herniation. Complete unilateral temporal lobectomies including the mesial structures, amygdala, and uncus were performed. In this series, the mortality rate was 30%, including a single patient who was neurologically stable but died from nonneurological injuries. Of the 7 survivors, 4 were functionally independent and 3 required minimal assistance with the activities of daily living. Aggressive, early decompression via complete temporal lobectomy may thus significantly improve the outcome in patients with transtentorial herniation accompanying posttraumatic hemispheric swelling and midline shift. (Neurosurgery 29:62-66, 1991)

scholarly journals Survey of lungworm infection of domestic cats in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sára Kiszely ◽  
Mónika Gyurkovszky ◽  
Norbert Solymosi ◽  
Róbert Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
First Time ◽  
Apparently Healthy

From 61 settlements of 12 Hungarian counties, 303 domestic cats were included in this survey. Between autumn 2016 and spring 2018, fresh faecal samples were randomly collected and examined by flotation and by the Baermann–Wetzel method for the presence of lungworm infection. No eggs of Eucoleus aerophilus were detected. Morphological identification of first instar larvae (L1) was also carried out. In the faeces of 60 cats (19.8%) from 17 settlements and Budapest, L1 of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus were found. More than half of the cats were from the western part of the country. The average number of larvae per gram of faeces was 190.2 ± 304.88. These results are in line with the former findings on the prevalence of aelurostrongylosis of domestic cats in Hungary. In addition, Oslerus rostratus was also found for the first time in the faecal samples of three cats from the eastern part of the country, infected also with Ae. abstrusus. The average age (2.51 ± 1.26 years) of infected cats indicates that lungworm infection is more common among younger cats. No relationship was found between the lung-worm infection and the sex of cats. Non-neutered cats had a significantly higher proportion of lungworm infections. Two-thirds of the infected cats were apparently healthy, and only 19 individuals showed clinical signs of respiratory disorders.

Biological Behavior of Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma Assessed With Computed Tomography and Histopathology: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Stephanie Goldschmidt ◽  
Cynthia Bell ◽  
Kenneth Waller ◽  
Scott Hetzel ◽  
Jason W. Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Tumor Invasiveness ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Highly Uniform

Canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) appears to have variable biological behavior with some tumors presenting with slow growth and minimal bone loss while others grow rapidly and cause severe cancellous and cortical bone destruction. The primary aim of the study is to elucidate if variations (grades) of CAA can be identified based on both histological and diagnostic imaging indices, and to compare markers of more aggressive behavior between these 2 commonly used diagnostic tools. This study evaluated 45 cases of CAA and confirmed that there is high degree of variability in tumor invasiveness as measured with computed tomography, with predominantly intraosseous tumors being significantly associated with more invasive behavior. However, the analysis also identified that there was very little correlation between computed tomographic and histological appearance of the tumor. CAA tends to have a highly uniform and predictable histological pattern, with tumors that aggressively invade bone (as seen on CT) not showing features of atypia that might be helpful in predicting the biological behavior of the neoplastic cells. Thus, reliance on diagnostic imaging as a measure of biological behavior is recommended for treatment planning as well as possible creation of a variant/grading scheme. Prospective studies are required to evaluate if differing variants of CAA as based on diagnostic imaging should be treated differently, and how this would affect long term clinical outcome.

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