scholarly journals Tularemia Outbreaks in Spain from 2007 to 2020 in Humans and Domestic and Wild Animals

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Olga Mínguez-González ◽  
César-Bernardo Gutiérrez-Martín ◽  
María del Carmen Martínez-Nistal ◽  
María del Rosario Esquivel-García ◽  
José-Ignacio Gómez-Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Crocidura Russula ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
First Time

In this study, tularemia outbreaks associated with humans and several domestic and wild animals (Iberian hares, wild rabbits, voles, mice, grey shrews, sheep, dogs, foxes, wolves, ticks, and river crayfish) are reported in Spain from 2007 to 2020. Special attention was paid to the outbreaks in humans in 2007–2009 and 2014–2015, when the most important waves occurred. Moreover, positive rates of tularemia in lagomorphs were detected in 2007–2010, followed by negative results in 2011–2013, before again returning to positive rates in 2014 and in 2017 and in 2019–2020. Lagomorphs role in spreading Francisella tularensis in the epidemiological chain could not be discarded. F. tularensis is described for the first time infecting the shrew Crocidura russula worldwide, and it is also reported for the first time infecting wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Spain. Serological positives higher than 0.4% were seen for sheep only from 2007–2009 and again in 2019, while serological rates greater than 1% were revealed in dogs in 2007–2008 and in wild canids in 2016. F. tularensis were detected in ticks in 2009, 2014–2015, 2017, and 2019. Lastly, negative results were achieved for river crayfish and also in environmental water samples from 2007 to 2020.

A simplified vortex-assisted emulsification microextraction method for determining personal care products in environmental water samples by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1825-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Providencia González-Hernández ◽  
Verónica Pino ◽  
Juan H. Ayala ◽  
Ana M. Afonso
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Emulsification Microextraction ◽  
First Time

The extraction of ten personal care products from waters is accomplished for the first time using a VAEME method followed by UHPLC, without any dispersive solvent or surfactants.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Usefulness of SPE Cartridges for the Determination ofβ-Blockers andβ-Agonists (Basic Drugs) in Environmental Aqueous Samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Caban ◽  
Piotr Stepnowski ◽  
Marek Kwiatkowski ◽  
Joanna Maszkowska ◽  
Marta Wagil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Basic Drugs ◽  
Aqueous Samples ◽  
Oasis Hlb ◽  
First Time

Even though the methodology used for the determination ofβ-blockers andβ-agonists in environmental samples is based mainly on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, the available literature data on the applied SPE procedures is rather sparse. In this paper such comparison is presented. Moreover, the usefulness of the eight SPE cartridges for the determination of fiveβ-blockers (acebutolol, atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol, and propranolol) and twoβ-agonists (salbutamol and terbutaline) in environmental aqueous samples using GC techniques is tested. Among them, three (the trifunction sorbent Strata Screen C, the copolymers LiChrolut EN, and the functionalized copolymer Isolute ENV+) were used for the first time for this purpose. It was confirmed that polystyrene-divinylbenzene-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers (PS-DVB-VP, Strata-X, and Oasis HLB cartridges) have a better potential than a cation-exchange sorbent for the extraction of the target drugs from environmental water samples. However, it should be stressed out that the direct application of the tested SPE conditions for the analysis of real environmental water samples is not possible, and such parameters, like volume of loading sample, appropriate solvents for washing and elution steps, and so forth, must be optimized again in order to achieve satisfactory recovery values for the target compounds.

Improving Mycobacterium spp. detection in water: a new methodological proposal

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
R. Santos ◽  
S. Gonçalves ◽  
F. Macieira ◽  
F. Oliveira ◽  
R. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Detection Time ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Enrichment Step ◽  
Mycobacterium Spp

In recent years, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), once considered merely environmental saprophytes, have emerged as a major cause of opportunistic infections. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission but they have been found in several environmental water samples. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to develop methods of rapidly and accurately detecting non-tuberculous mycobacteria in water samples. To obtain a maximum recovery rate and a reduction of Mycobacterium spp. detection time in water samples, different decontamination, enrichment procedures and antibiotics supplements were tested before the inoculation into the Bactec® system. The proposed method of sample treatment (decrease in the decontamination time, followed for a peptone pre-enrichment step and an aztreonam and cefepime supplement) before the inoculation into the Bactec® system proved to be a good option for reliable and fast detection of Mycobacterium spp. in water samples.

The Occurrence of Male-Specific and Somatic Bacteriophages in Polluted South African Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kfir ◽  
P. Coubrough ◽  
W. O. K. Grabow
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Male Specific

The occurrence of somatic (F') and male-specific (F') coliphages and Salmonella phages in a variety of environmental water samples was studied using different bacterial hosts. The number of plaque-forming units (pfu) of the different bacteriophages were compared and their resistance pattern to a biological treatment (humus tank) and chlorination was evaluated. The presence of the bacteriophages in shellfish was also studied. The morphology of isolate bacteriophages was examined as well as the visibility of the different plaques formed. Coliphages were found to produce larger and clearer plaques than all other bacteriophages studied. In most of the environmental water samples coliphages outnumbered all other bacteriophages, with the exception of dam water in which higher levels of F' Salmonella phages were detected. The majority of the F' Salmonella phages were shown to be RNA bacteriophages.

Development of immunoaffinity solid phase microextraction rods for analysis of three estrogens in environmental water samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 1061-1062 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuicui Wang ◽  
Linyan Yang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Xinda Zhang ◽  
Yongze Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples
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