scholarly journals Review of Vesicular Stomatitis in the United States with Focus on 2019 and 2020 Outbreaks

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Angela Pelzel-McCluskey ◽  
Brad Christensen ◽  
John Humphreys ◽  
Miranda Bertram ◽  
Robert Keener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Livestock Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Vector Borne

Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a vector-borne livestock disease caused by vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) or vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV). The disease circulates endemically in northern South America, Central America, and Mexico and only occasionally causes outbreaks in the United States. Over the past 20 years, VSNJV outbreaks in the southwestern and Rocky Mountain regions occurred with incursion years followed by virus overwintering and subsequent expansion outbreak years. Regulatory response by animal health officials is deployed to prevent spread from lesioned animals. The 2019 VS incursion was the largest in 40 years, lasting from June to December 2019 with 1144 VS-affected premises in 111 counties in eight states (Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming) and was VSIV serotype, last isolated in 1998. A subsequent expansion occurred from April to October 2020 with 326 VS-affected premises in 70 counties in eight states (Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas). The primary serotype in 2020 was VSIV, but a separate incursion of VSNJV occurred in south Texas. Summary characteristics of the outbreaks are presented along with VSV-vector sampling results and phylogenetic analysis of VSIV isolates providing evidence of virus overwintering.

scholarly journals Trajectory analysis of winds and vesicular stomatitis in North America, 1982–5

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sellers ◽  
A. R. Maarouf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Virus Isolates

SUMMARYOutbreaks of vesicular stomatitis, serotype New Jersey, during epidemics in the United States and northern Mexico, 1982–5, were examined by backward trajectories of winds to investigate spread and possible sources. The outbreaks selected for analysis did not involve introduction of disease by infected animals. The findings indicate that wind could have been responsible for carrying infection from northern Mexico to Arizona and New Mexico and thence to Colorado and Utah and on to Wyoming, Idaho and Montana. The results of these analyses are consistent with the findings from T1 RNAse fingerprinting of virus isolates from outbreaks during the epidemics. The arrival of the trajectories was associated with the passage of a front and rain or passage of a front alone or rain alone. At the time of the trajectories temperatures of 10 °C and higher were recorded at heights up to 2500–3500 m.Introduction by airborne particles would appear unlikely as it would have required a source of at least 105infectious units per minute per animal. Vesicular stomatitis virus had been isolated fromSimuliumandCulicoidesduring the epidemic with amounts of virus fromSimuliumsufficient to suggest biological transmission. The possibility ofSimuliuminfected with vesicular stomatitis virus being carried downwind to introduce disease is discussed in relation to the behaviour ofSimuliumand the pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis in large animals.

scholarly journals IV.—Comparison of the Principal Forms of Dinosauria of Europe and America

1889 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rocky Mountain Region

The remains of Dinosaurian reptiles are very abundant in the Rocky Mountain region, especially in deposits of Jurassic age, and during the past ten years the author has made extensive collections of these fossils, as a basis for investigating the entire group. The results of this work will be included in several volumes, two of which are now well advanced towards completion, and will soon be published by the United States Geological Survey.In the study of these reptiles, it was necessary to examine the European forms, and the author has now seen nearly every known specimen of importance. The object of the present paper is to give, in few words, some of the more obvious results of a comparison between these forms and those of America which he has investigated.

scholarly journals The Influence of New Surveillance Data on Predictive Species Distribution Modeling of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the United States

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Hannah S. Tiffin ◽  
Steven T. Peper ◽  
Alexander N. Wilson-Fallon ◽  
Katelyn M. Haydett ◽  
Guofeng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Emergence

The recent emergence or reemergence of various vector-borne diseases makes the knowledge of disease vectors’ presence and distribution of paramount concern for protecting national human and animal health. While several studies have modeled Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus distributions in the past five years, studies at a large scale can miss the complexities that contribute to a species’ distribution. Many localities in the United States have lacked or had sporadic surveillance conducted for these two species. To address these gaps in the current knowledge of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus distributions in the United States, surveillance was focused on areas in Texas at the margins of their known ranges and in localities that had little or no surveillance conducted in the past. This information was used with a global database of occurrence records to create a predictive model of these two species’ distributions in the United States. Additionally, the surveillance data from Texas was used to determine the influence of new data from the margins of a species’ known range on predicted species’ suitability maps. This information is critical in determining where to focus resources for the future and continued surveillance for these two species of medical concern.

scholarly journals A Predictive Spatial Model to Quantify the Risk of Air-Travel-Associated Dengue Importation into the United States and Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Gardner ◽  
David Fajardo ◽  
S. Travis Waller ◽  
Ophelia Wang ◽  
Sahotra Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Passenger Travel ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vector Borne

The number of travel-acquired dengue infections has been on a constant rise in the United States and Europe over the past decade. An increased volume of international passenger air traffic originating from regions with endemic dengue contributes to the increasing number of dengue cases. This paper reports results from a network-based regression model which uses international passenger travel volumes, travel distances, predictive species distribution models (for the vector species), and infection data to quantify the relative risk of importing travel-acquired dengue infections into the US and Europe from dengue-endemic regions. Given the necessary data, this model can be used to identify optimal locations (origin cities, destination airports, etc.) for dengue surveillance. The model can be extended to other geographical regions and vector-borne diseases, as well as other network-based processes.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

Democratic Legitimacy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Rosanvallon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
International Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic Authority ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Western Democracies

It's a commonplace occurrence that citizens in Western democracies are disaffected with their political leaders and traditional democratic institutions. But this book argues that this crisis of confidence is partly a crisis of understanding. The book makes the case that the sources of democratic legitimacy have shifted and multiplied over the past thirty years and that we need to comprehend and make better use of these new sources of legitimacy in order to strengthen our political self-belief and commitment to democracy. Drawing on examples from France and the United States, the book notes that there has been a major expansion of independent commissions, NGOs, regulatory authorities, and watchdogs in recent decades. At the same time, constitutional courts have become more willing and able to challenge legislatures. These institutional developments, which serve the democratic values of impartiality and reflexivity, have been accompanied by a new attentiveness to what the book calls the value of proximity, as governing structures have sought to find new spaces for minorities, the particular, and the local. To improve our democracies, we need to use these new sources of legitimacy more effectively and we need to incorporate them into our accounts of democratic government. This book is an original contribution to the vigorous international debate about democratic authority and legitimacy.

Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States : Central states : Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Stoeser ◽  
Gregory N. Green ◽  
Laurie C. Morath ◽  
William D. Heran ◽  
Anna B. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geologic Map
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