scholarly journals From Stable to Lab—Investigating Key Factors for Sudden Deaths Caused by Streptococcus suis

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Hennig-Pauka ◽  
Rabea Imker ◽  
Leonie Mayer ◽  
Michael Brügmann ◽  
Christiane Werckenthin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Intravascular Coagulopathy ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Growth Induction

Swine stocks are endemically infected with the major porcine pathogen Streptococcus (S.) suis. The factors governing the transition from colonizing S. suis residing in the tonsils and the exacerbation of disease have not yet been elucidated. We analyzed the sudden death of fattening pigs kept under extensive husbandry conditions in a zoo. The animals died suddenly of septic shock and showed disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Genotypic and phenotypic characterizations of the isolated S. suis strains, a tonsillar isolate and an invasive cps type 2 strain, were conducted. Isolated S. suis from dead pigs belonged to cps type 2 strain ST28, whereas one tonsillar S. suis isolate harvested from a healthy animal belonged to ST1173. Neither S. suis growth, induction of neutrophil extracellular traps, nor survival in blood could explain the sudden deaths. Reconstituted blood assays with serum samples from pigs of different age groups from the zoo stock suggested varying protection of individuals against pathogenic cps type 2 strains especially in younger pigs. These findings highlight the benefit of further characterization of the causative strains in each case by sequence typing before autologous vaccine candidate selection.

scholarly journals Circulation of porcine circovirus type 2 in pigs of different age groups in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01063
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Neminuschaya ◽  
Natalia K. Eremets ◽  
Tatyana A. Skotnikova ◽  
Igor V. Pavlenko ◽  
Vladimir I. Eremets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Weaning Piglets

The paper deals with the results of assessing the intensity of PCV2 (porcine circovirus type 2) circulation in pigs of different age groups on pig farms in the Russian Federation. Serum samples of 128 pigs of different age groups from two pig farms in the Russian Federation were studied. As a result, specific antibodies to PCV2 were detected that proves virus circulation. Average titer of serum antibodies was 1:2020 for weaning piglets, 40 d.a. (days of age), in prenursery piglets of the age of 20 days - 1:3120; in replacement gilts of the age of 175 days - 1: 5124; in feeding pigs of the age of 180 days - 1:5300. In female pigs, the percentage of seroprevalence was 95 %. With advancing ageing of pigs, the level of antibody titer to PCV2 was increasing that proves the animals were infected after the decrease of colostral antibody level below protective one.

scholarly journals Five Years Seroprevalence Study of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Lithuanian Pig and Wild Boar Populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunas Stankevičius ◽  
Jurate Buitkuviene ◽  
Jurgita Deltuvytiene ◽  
Ramune Čepuliene ◽  
Virginija Zilionyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Abstract Serological study of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in pigs and wild boars was conducted in Lithuania between 2009 and 2013. Antibody level was measured using a commercial ELISA. The 4.32% (95% CI 3.92-4.72) out of 9856 examined porcine sera were positive for the PRRSV antibodies. The antibodies were detected in 11.82% (95% CI 10.28-13.36) of all investigated serum samples of sows and gilts. As much as 8.2% of serologically positive samples (95% CI 6.83-9.57) were determined in the piglets under three months of age. Considerably smaller (P < 0.05) seroprevalence was detected in boars (0.62%) and fattening pigs (1.84%). From 1357 examined sera of wild boar, collected between 2009 and 2013 hunting seasons, 5.38% (95% CI 4.52-8.2) of samples were positive for PRRSV antibodies in 23 locations out of 50 investigated. The analysis of seroprevalence in different age groups of wild boars showed that PRRSV antibodies were detected in all age groups; however, it was significantly higher in adults than in juveniles or subadults and reached up to 10.02% (95% CI 7.39-12.65).

scholarly journals A Molecular Survey and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Using Oral Fluid, Faeces and Serum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Plut ◽  
Urska Jamnikar-Ciglenecki ◽  
Irena Golinar-Oven ◽  
Tanja Knific ◽  
Marina Stukelj
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Background: Porcine circovirus type 3 is the most recently discovered porcine circovirus, and an emerging pathogen. In this study the status of its presence on some Slovenian farms is reported. The effectiveness of the vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 was assessed against porcine circovirus type 3.Group samples of oral fluid, faeces and individual serum samples were taken from six different pig categories and tested for presence of viral DNA, using both real time and conventional PCR. Positive samples were subjected to direct Sanger sequencing. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed and compared to GenBank PCV3 sequences.Results: Positive samples were sent for genome sequencing, which confirmed the presence of virus in all different pig categories on five farms. A high to moderate correlation of strong statistical significance was found between individual serum samples, oral fluid and faeces. Slovenian PCV3 was found to be distributed in a way similar to that of other countries. Slovenian PCV3 nt sequences are highly related, sharing more than 99.5 % nt identity. On one farm a commercially available vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 was used on 3-week-old pigs. It did not affect the presence of porcine circovirus type 3 in oral fluid or sera of any of the seven age groups of pigs, each with two control groups.Conclusions: The results constitute the first discovery of the virus in Slovenia. Genome sequencing has revealed a high degree of similarity between Slovenian and GenBank isolates.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Structure and Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Pilar Sabuquillo ◽  
Jaime Cubero
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Xanthomonasarboricola pv. pruni (Xap) causes bacterial spot of stone fruit and almond, an important plant disease with a high economic impact. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms that microbial communities use to adapt to environmental changes and to survive and colonize plants. Herein, biofilm formation by Xap was analyzed on abiotic and biotic surfaces using different microscopy techniques which allowed characterization of the different biofilm stages compared to the planktonic condition. All Xap strains assayed were able to form real biofilms creating organized structures comprised by viable cells. Xap in biofilms differentiated from free-living bacteria forming complex matrix-encased multicellular structures which become surrounded by a network of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, nutrient content of the environment and bacterial growth have been shown as key factors for biofilm formation and its development. Besides, this is the first work where different cell structures involved in bacterial attachment and aggregation have been identified during Xap biofilm progression. Our findings provide insights regarding different aspects of the biofilm formation of Xap which improve our understanding of the bacterial infection process occurred in Prunus spp and that may help in future disease control approaches.

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