scholarly journals Resistance of Tick Gut Microbiome to Anti-Tick Vaccines, Pathogen Infection and Antimicrobial Peptides

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Estrada-Peña ◽  
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz ◽  
Dasiel Obregón
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Polysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Antifreeze Glycoprotein ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Tick Microbiome

Ixodes scapularis ticks harbor microbial communities including pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. Pathogen infection increases the expression of several tick gut proteins, which disturb the tick gut microbiota and impact bacterial biofilm formation. Anaplasma phagocytophilum induces ticks to express I. scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein (IAFGP), a protein with antimicrobial activity, while Borrelia burgdorferi induces the expression of PIXR. Here, we tested the resistance of I. scapularis microbiome to A. phagocytophilum infection, antimicrobial peptide IAFGP, and anti-tick immunity specific to PIXR. We demonstrate that A. phagocytophilum infection and IAFGP affect the taxonomic composition and taxa co-occurrence networks, but had limited impact on the functional traits of tick microbiome. In contrast, anti-tick immunity disturbed the taxonomic composition and the functional profile of tick microbiome, by increasing both the taxonomic and pathways diversity. Mechanistically, we show that anti-tick immunity increases the representation and importance of the polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways involved in biofilm formation, while these pathways are under-represented in the microbiome of ticks infected by A. phagocytophilum or exposed to IAFGP. These analyses revealed that tick microbiota is highly sensitive to anti-tick immunity, while it is less sensitive to pathogen infection and antimicrobial peptides. Results suggest that biofilm formation may be a defensive response of tick microbiome to anti-tick immunity.

scholarly journals Resistance of tick microbiome to biological disturbance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Estrada Peña ◽  
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz ◽  
Dasiel Obregón
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Functional Profile ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Polysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Tick Microbiome

Abstract Background : Ixodes scapularis ticks harbor microbial communities including pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. Pathogen infection increases the expression of several tick gut proteins which disturb the tick gut microbiota and impact bacterial biofilm formation. Anaplasma phagocytophilum induces ticks to express I. scapularis IAFGP, a protein with antimicrobial activity while Borrelia burgdorferi induces the expression of PIXR. Here, we tested the resistance of I. scapularis microbiome to A. phagocytophilum infection, antimicrobial peptide IAFGP, and anti-tick immunity specific to PIXR. Results : We demonstrate that A. phagocytophilum infection and IAFGP affect the taxonomic composition and taxa co-occurrence networks but had no effect on the functional traits of tick microbiome. In contrast, anti-tick immunity disturbed the taxonomic composition and the functional profile of tick microbiome, by increasing both taxonomic and pathways diversity. Mechanistically, we show that anti-tick immunity increases the representation and importance of polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways involved in biofilm formation while these pathways are under-represented in the microbiome of ticks infected by A. phagocytophilum or exposed to IAFGP. Conclusions : These analyses revealed that tick microbiota is highly sensitive to anti-tick immunity, while it is less sensitive to pathogen infection and antimicrobial peptides. Results suggest that biofilm formation is a defensive response of tick microbiome to anti-tick immunity.

scholarly journals Pathogen-mediated manipulation of arthropod microbiota to promote infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. E781-E790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil M. Abraham ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Brandon Lyon Jutras ◽  
Akhilesh K. Yadav ◽  
Sukanya Narasimhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Antifreeze Glycoprotein ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Bacterial Peptidoglycan

Arthropods transmit diverse infectious agents; however, the ways microbes influence their vector to enhance colonization are poorly understood.Ixodes scapularisticks harbor numerous human pathogens, includingAnaplasma phagocytophilum,the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. We now demonstrate thatA. phagocytophilummodifies theI. scapularismicrobiota to more efficiently infect the tick.A. phagocytophiluminduces ticks to expressIxodes scapularisantifreeze glycoprotein (iafgp), which encodes a protein with several properties, including the ability to alter bacterial biofilm formation. IAFGP thereby perturbs the tick gut microbiota, which influences the integrity of the peritrophic matrix and gut barrier—critical obstacles forAnaplasmacolonization. Mechanistically, IAFGP binds the terminald-alanine residue of the pentapeptide chain of bacterial peptidoglycan, resulting in altered permeability and the capacity of bacteria to form biofilms. These data elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which a human pathogen appropriates an arthropod antibacterial protein to alter the gut microbiota and more effectively colonize the vector.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial peptides prevent bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Volejníková ◽  
Pavel Melicherčík ◽  
Ondřej Nešuta ◽  
Eva Vaňková ◽  
Lucie Bednárová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm

scholarly journals Behind Taxonomic Variability: The Functional Redundancy in the Tick Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1829
Author(s):  
Agustín Estrada-Peña ◽  
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz ◽  
Dasiel Obregón
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Functional Similarity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Taxonomic Profiling ◽  
Tick Microbiome

The taxonomic composition and diversity of tick midgut microbiota have been extensively studied in different species of the genera Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, Amblyomma, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Dermacentor, Argas and Ornithodoros, while the functional significance of bacterial diversity has been proportionally less explored. In this study, we used previously published 16S amplicon sequence data sets from three Ixodes scapularis cohorts, two of uninfected nymphs, and one of larvae experimentally infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, to test the functional redundancy of the tick microbiome. We predicted the metabolic profiling of each sample using the state-of-the-art metagenomics tool PICRUSt2. The results showed that the microbiomes of all I. scapularis samples share only 80 taxa (24.6%, total 324), while out of the 342 metabolic pathways predicted, 82.7%, were shared by all the ticks. Borrelia-infected larvae lack 15.4% of pathways found in the microbiome of uninfected nymphs. Taxa contribution analysis showed that the functional microbiome of uninfected ticks was highly redundant, with, in some cases, up to 198 bacterial taxa contributing to a single pathway. However, Borrelia-infected larvae had a smaller redundancy with 6.7% of pathways provided by more than 100 genera, while 15.7–19.2% of pathways were provided by more than 100 genera in the two cohorts of uninfected ticks. In addition, we compared the functional profiles of three microbial communities from each data set, identified through a network-based approach, and we observed functional similarity between them. Based on the functional redundancy and functional similarity of the microbiome of ticks in different developmental stages and infection status, we concluded that the tick gut microbiota is a self-regulating community of very diverse bacteria contributing to a defined set of metabolic pathways and functions with yet unexplored relevance for tick fitness and/or bacterial community stability. We propose a change of focus in which the tick microbiome must be analyzed in all dimensions, highlighting their functional traits, instead of the conventional taxonomic profiling.

Antimicrobial peptides: an effective approach to prevent bacterial biofilm formation in platelet concentrates

Transfusion ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 2013-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshari Alabdullatif ◽  
Chintamani D. Atreya ◽  
Sandra Ramirez-Arcos
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Platelet Concentrates

Formation of Biofilms by Natural Microbial Strains in the Presence of Naphtalene and Anthracene

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
I.S. Sazykin ◽  
M.A. Sazykina
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Protective Reaction

In this work, the effect of low molecular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), naphthalene and anthracene, on the formation of biofilms by the strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus VKPM B-10353, Pseudomonas putida, and Vibrio aquamarinus VKPM B-11245 has been studied. The intensity of biofilm formation (staining with crystal violet), the number of viable cells (staining with fluorescein diacetate), as well as the metabolic activity of microbial cells included in biofilms (XTT-assay) were assessed. It was found that the studied strains are characterized by different responses to the introduction of pollutants. The V. aquamarines VKPM B-11245 strain showed mainly a protective reaction; in the presence of the studied PAHs an increase in the total bacterial biofilm biomass was observed, as well as a decrease in the number of living cells and the level of cellular metabolism. The naphthalene concentrations of 0.1% and 0.2% caused a reduction of all studied indicators. The P. putida strain is the most resistant to the action of the examined PAHs: in the presence of naphthalene, an increase in both the total biofilm biomass and cellular metabolism was observed. Anthracene enhanced cellular metabolism in this strain, which allows considering the studied P. putida strain as potentially useful for bioremediation. The A. calcoaceticus VKPM B-10353 strain was highly sensitive to naphthalene; suppression of biofilm formation was observed, as well as a decrease in cellular metabolism at all studied concentrations. However, anthracene increased biofilm biomass and enhanced the metabolism, which may indicate a potential ability of this strain to degrade this PAH. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas putida, Vibrio aquamarinus, biofilm, anthracene, naphthalene The research was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of state assignment no. 0852-2020-0029 in the field of scientific activity.

Bacterial biofilm behavior in water-supply lines of dental units

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 882-883
Author(s):  
B.D. Tall ◽  
K.S. George ◽  
R. T. Gray ◽  
H.N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm

Studies of bacterial behavior in many environments have shown that most organisms attach to surfaces, forming communities of microcolonies called biofilms. In contaminated medical devices, biofilms may serve both as reservoirs and as inocula for the initiation of infections. Recently, there has been much concern about the potential of dental units to transmit infections. Because the mechanisms of biofilm formation are ill-defined, we investigated the behavior and formation of a biofilm associated with tubing leading to the water syringe of a dental unit over a period of 1 month.

Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Phytotherapeutics with Focus on Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2807-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Su Jang ◽  
Tímea Mosolygó
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scientific Attention

: Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective anti-biofilm agents is required. : From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming the host microbiota. : With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli).

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