scholarly journals Multiple Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected from Humans in Romania

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Kalmár ◽  
Mirabela Oana Dumitrache ◽  
Gianluca D’Amico ◽  
Ioana Adriana Matei ◽  
Angela Monica Ionică ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Genetic Sequences ◽  
Babesia Spp

Ticks are medically important vectors of infectious diseases that are able to transmit pathogens to humans and animals. Tick-borne diseases represent a major health concern, posing an increasing risk to the public health during the last century and affecting millions of people. The aim of the current study was to provide epidemiological data regarding the presence of certain tick-borne pathogens in ticks feeding on humans in Romania. Overall, 522 Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from humans were screened for six pathogens: Borrelia spp., Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Babesia spp., Coxiella spp., Bartonella spp., and Francisella tularensis. Ticks attached to humans were collected between 2013–2015 in Cluj County, Romania. Conventional, nested and quantitative PCR were used to detect specific genetic sequences of each pathogen. For identifying the infectious agents, positive samples were sequenced. The infection prevalence was 21.07% from which 8.18% were mixed infections. The detected agents were Borrelia spp., N. mikurensis and Babesia spp. The present data reveal the endemic occurrence of potentially zoonotic pathogens in Romania. Revealing the current distribution of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from humans may provide new insights in understanding the complex ecology of tick-borne diseases and enlightens current knowledge about the infection prevalence at local, regional and national levels.

Natural Ehrlichia phagocytophila transmission coefficients from sheep ‘carriers’ to Ixodes ricinus ticks vary with the numbers of feeding ticks

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. OGDEN ◽  
A. N. J. CASEY ◽  
N. P. FRENCH ◽  
K. J. BOWN ◽  
J. D. W. ADAMS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Transmission Coefficients ◽  
Ehrlichia Phagocytophila ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks

In a longitudinal study in a UK upland site, 38% of adult sheep were detected as infected with the tick-borne bacterium Ehrlichia phagocytophila by PCR of blood samples. Infection prevalence declined significantly with sheep age but varied significantly and non-linearly with the number of adult Ixodes ricinus ticks feeding per sheep. These findings suggested that under conditions of natural repeated tick-borne challenge sheep remain partially susceptible to re-infections, but the likelihood of re-infection depended on the numbers of feeding ticks. Transmission efficiency from sheep to immature ticks also varied significantly and non-linearly with the number of adult ticks feeding per sheep: transmission efficiency was almost zero in sheep with low adult tick infestations rising to 30% at certain levels of adult tick infestation. Infection intensity in infected engorged immature ticks also varied with the number of adult ticks feeding per sheep, but neither prevalence nor intensity of infection in engorged ticks were related to sheep blood PCR result. These findings suggest that variation in the numbers of ticks feeding per sheep may influence E. phagocytophila transmission by direct effects on transmission at the tick–host interface.

scholarly journals Prevalence and diversity of Babesia spp. in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from Norway

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Øivind Øines ◽  
Jana Radzijevskaja ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas ◽  
Olav Rosef
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Babesia Spp

scholarly journals The prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks in SW Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOROTA KIEWRA ◽  
GRZEGORZ ZALEŚNY ◽  
ALEKSANDRA CZUŁOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Questing Ticks ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
First Time ◽  
Babesia Spp

Ticks constitute important vectors of human and animal pathogens. Besides the Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis, other pathogens such as Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, are of increasing public health interest. In Poland, as in other European countries, Ixodes ricinus, the most prevalent tick species responsible for the majority of tick bites in humans, is the main vector of A. phagocytophilum. The aim of the study was to estimate the infection level of I. ricinus with A. phagocytophilum in selected districts, not previously surveyed for the presence of this agent. Sampling of questing ticks was performed in 12 forested sites, located in four districts (Legnica, Milicz, Lubań, and Oława) in SW Poland. Altogether, 792 ticks (151 females, 101 males, and 540 nymphs) representing I. ricinus were checked for the presence of A. phagocytophilum. The average infection level was 4.3%, with higher rate reported for adult ticks. The highest percentage of infected adults was observed in Milicz (17.4%) and the lowest in Oława (6.8%). The abundance of questing I. ricinus in all examined sites as well as the infection with A. phagocytophilum indicate for the first time the risk for HGA transmission in SW Poland.

Investigation of Babesia spp. in sympatric populations of Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks in Lithuania and Latvia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Radzijevskaja ◽  
Dalytė Mardosaitė-Busaitienė ◽  
Asta Aleksandravičienė ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Babesia Spp

scholarly journals Genetic counseling in the context of Bangladesh: current scenario, challenges, and a framework for genetic service implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jakir Hosen ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Jarin Taslem Mourosi ◽  
Sourav Chakraborty ◽  
Md. Faruque Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Genetic Services ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Significant Public Health

AbstractWith the advancements in genetics and genomics in the twenty-first century, genetic services have become an integral part of medical practices in high-income and upper-middle-income countries. However, people living in low and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LIMCs), including Bangladesh, are rather underprivileged in receiving genetic services. Consequently, genetic disorders are emerging as a significant public health concern in these countries. Lack of expertise, high expense, the dearth of epidemiological data, insufficiently updated medical education system, poor infrastructure, and the absence of comprehensive health policies are the main factors causing people living in these countries not having access to genetic services. In this article, the authors took benefit from their professional experience of practicing medical genetics in the area and reviewed existing literature to provide their opinions. Particularly, it reviews the current knowledge of genetic disorders' burden and their causative factors in Bangladesh. It focuses on why providing genetic services is challenging in the context of the country's cultural and religious sentiment. Finally, it proposes a physician-academician collaborative framework within the existing facility that aims to tackle the challenges. Such a framework could also be useful for other LICs and LMICs to address the challenges associated with providing genetic services.

scholarly journals First National Genomic Epidemiological Study of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains Spreading Across Sweden in 2016

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronza Hadad ◽  
Daniel Golparian ◽  
Inga Velicko ◽  
Anna-Karin Ohlsson ◽  
Ylva Lindroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
The Public ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Sequence Types

The increasing transmission and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global health concern with worrying trends of decreasing susceptibility to also the last-line extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) ceftriaxone. A dramatic increase of reported gonorrhea cases has been observed in Sweden from 2016 and onward. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively investigate the genomic epidemiology of all cultured N. gonorrhoeae isolates in Sweden during 2016, in conjunction with phenotypic AMR and clinical and epidemiological data of patients. In total, 1279 isolates were examined. Etest and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed, and epidemiological data obtained from the Public Health Agency of Sweden. Overall, 51.1%, 1.7%, and 1.3% resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefixime, and azithromycin, respectively, was found. No isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, however, 9.3% of isolates showed a decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone and 10.5% to cefixime. In total, 44 penA alleles were found of which six were mosaic (n = 92). Using the typing schemes of MLST, NG-MAST, and NG-STAR; 133, 422, and 280 sequence types, respectively, and 93 NG-STAR clonal complexes were found. The phylogenomic analysis revealed two main lineages (A and B) with lineage A divided into two main sublineages (A1 and A2). Resistance and decreased susceptibility to ESCs and azithromycin and associated AMR determinants, such as mosaic penA and mosaic mtrD, were predominantly found in sublineage A2. Resistance to cefixime and azithromycin was more prevalent among heterosexuals and MSM, respectively, and both were predominantly spread through domestic transmission. Continuous surveillance of the spread and evolution of N. gonorrhoeae, including phenotypic AMR testing and WGS, is essential for enhanced knowledge regarding the dynamic evolution of N. gonorrhoeae and gonorrhea epidemiology.

scholarly journals Investigation of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus in a Peri-Urban Park in Lombardy (Italy) Reveals the Presence of Emerging Pathogens

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cafiso ◽  
Emanuela Olivieri ◽  
Anna Maria Floriano ◽  
Giulia Chiappa ◽  
Valentina Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Babesia Venatorum

Ticks are important vectors of a great range of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Lately, the spread of known tick-borne pathogens has been expanding, and novel ones have been identified as (re)emerging health threats. Updating the current knowledge on tick-borne pathogens in areas where humans and animals can be easily exposed to ticks represents a starting point for epidemiological studies and public awareness. A PCR screening for tick-borne pathogens was carried out in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a peri-urban recreational park in Ticino Valley, Italy. The presence of Rickettsia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi senso latu complex, Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. was evaluated in a total of 415 I. ricinus specimens. Rickettsia spp. (R monacensis and R. helvetica) were detected in 22.96% of the samples, while B. burgdorferi s.l. complex (B. afzelii and B. lusitaniae) were present in 10.94%. Neoehrlichia mikurensis (1.99%) and Babesia venatorum (0.73%) were reported in the area of study for the first time. This study confirmed the presence of endemic tick-borne pathogens and highlighted the presence of emerging pathogens that should be monitored especially in relation to fragile patients, the difficult diagnosis of tick-borne associated diseases and possible interactions with other tick-borne pathogens.

TBE in Norway

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine M. Paulsen ◽  
Rose Vikse ◽  
Arnulf Soleng ◽  
Kristin S. Edgar ◽  
Susanne Dudman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks

Ixodes ricinus ticks are mainly distributed along the Norwegian coastline from Østfold County in the southeast up approximately to 66°N in Nordland County.

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