scholarly journals Prospects of and Barriers to the Development of Epitope-Based Vaccines against Human Metapneumovirus

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Stepanova ◽  
Victoria Matyushenko ◽  
Larisa Rudenko ◽  
Irina Isakova-Sivak
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Protective Epitope

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of respiratory illnesses in children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. Although this pathogen was only discovered in 2001, an enormous amount of research has been conducted in order to develop safe and effective vaccines to prevent people from contracting the disease. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the most promising experimental B- and T-cell epitopes of human metapneumovirus for the rational design of HMPV vaccines using vector delivery systems, paying special attention to the conservation of these epitopes among different lineages/genotypes of HMPV. The prospects of the successful development of an epitope-based HMPV vaccine are discussed in the context of recent findings regarding HMPV’s ability to modulate host immunity. In particular, we discuss the lack of data on experimental human CD4 T-cell epitopes for HMPV despite the role of CD4 lymphocytes in both the induction of higher neutralizing antibody titers and the establishment of CD8 memory T-cell responses. We conclude that current research should be focused on searching for human CD4 T-cell epitopes of HMPV that can help us to design a safe and cross-protective epitope-based HMPV vaccine.

scholarly journals Traditional Thai Massage Promoted Immunity in the Elderly via Attenuation of Senescent CD4+ T Cell Subsets: A Randomized Crossover Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3210
Author(s):  
Kanda Sornkayasit ◽  
Amonrat Jumnainsong ◽  
Wisitsak Phoksawat ◽  
Wichai Eungpinichpong ◽  
Chanvit Leelayuwat
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Intracellular Cytokine Staining ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Subsets ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

The beneficial physiological effects of traditional Thai massage (TTM) have been previously documented. However, its effect on immune status, particularly in the elderly, has not been explored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of multiple rounds of TTM on senescent CD4+ T cell subsets in the elderly. The study recruited 12 volunteers (61–75 years), with senescent CD4+ T cell subsets, who received six weekly 1-h TTM sessions or rest, using a randomized controlled crossover study with a 30-day washout period. Flow cytometry analysis of surface markers and intracellular cytokine staining was performed. TTM could attenuate the senescent CD4+ T cell subsets, especially in CD4+28null NKG2D+ T cells (n = 12; p < 0.001). The participants were allocated into two groups (low < 2.75% or high ≥ 2.75%) depending on the number of CD4+28null NKG2D+ T cells. After receiving TTM over 6 sessions, the cell population of the high group had significantly decreased (p < 0.001), but the low group had no significant changes. In conclusion, multiple rounds of TTM may promote immunity through the attenuation of aberrant CD4+ T subsets. TTM may be provided as a complementary therapy to improve the immune system in elderly populations.

Major contribution of codominant CD8 and CD4 T cell epitopes to the human cytomegalovirus-specific T cell repertoire

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. -D. Nastke† ◽  
L. Herrgen† ◽  
S. Walter ◽  
D. Wernet ◽  
H. -G. Rammensee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
T Cell Repertoire ◽  
Cell Repertoire

Identification of CD4+T cell epitopes ofTaenia soliumparamyosin

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. López-Moreno ◽  
D. Correa ◽  
J. P. Laclette ◽  
V. F. Ortiz-Navarrete
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Epitopes

scholarly journals P02-12. Bupivacaine, a local anaesthetic, enhances immunogenicity of a multiepitopic DNA vaccine containing HIV promiscuous CD4 T cell epitopes

Retrovirology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Rosa ◽  
SP Ribeiro ◽  
EC Mairena ◽  
J Kalil ◽  
E Cunha-Neto
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Epitopes

scholarly journals Marburg virus survivor immune responses are Th1 skewed with limited neutralizing antibody responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 214 (9) ◽  
pp. 2563-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer W. Stonier ◽  
Andrew S. Herbert ◽  
Ana I. Kuehne ◽  
Ariel Sobarzo ◽  
Polina Habibulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses

Until recently, immune responses in filovirus survivors remained poorly understood. Early studies revealed IgM and IgG responses to infection with various filoviruses, but recent outbreaks have greatly expanded our understanding of filovirus immune responses. Immune responses in survivors of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) infections have provided the most insight, with T cell responses as well as detailed antibody responses having been characterized. Immune responses to Marburg virus (MARV), however, remain almost entirely uncharacterized. We report that immune responses in MARV survivors share characteristics with EBOV and SUDV infections but have some distinct differences. MARV survivors developed multivariate CD4+ T cell responses but limited CD8+ T cell responses, more in keeping with SUDV survivors than EBOV survivors. In stark contrast to SUDV survivors, rare neutralizing antibody responses in MARV survivors diminished rapidly after the outbreak. These results warrant serious consideration for any vaccine or therapeutic that seeks to be broadly protective, as different filoviruses may require different immune responses to achieve immunity.

scholarly journals Establishment of HLA-DR4 Transgenic Mice for the Identification of CD4+ T Cell Epitopes of Tumor-Associated Antigens

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e84908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Yatsuda ◽  
Atsushi Irie ◽  
Kumiko Harada ◽  
Yayoi Michibata ◽  
Hirotake Tsukamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Tumor Associated Antigens

scholarly journals Predicting CD4 T-cell epitopes based on antigen cleavage, MHCII presentation, and TCR recognition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0206654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Schneidman-Duhovny ◽  
Natalia Khuri ◽  
Guang Qiang Dong ◽  
Michael B. Winter ◽  
Eric Shifrut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Epitopes

Establishment of an Expression Cloning System for CD4+ T Cell Epitopes

2001 ◽  
Vol 284 (5) ◽  
pp. 1140-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Fujii ◽  
Yasushi Uemura ◽  
Leo Kei Iwai ◽  
Masayuki Ando ◽  
Satoru Senju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Expression Cloning ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Cloning System

scholarly journals Identification of Rotavirus VP6-Specific CD4+ T Cell Epitopes in a G1P[8] Human Rotavirus-Infected Rhesus Macaque

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. VRT.S563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Bapi Pahar ◽  
Karol Sestak
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Rotavirus Vp6

A non-human primate model was used to evaluate its potential for identification of rotavirus viral protein 6 (VP6) CD4+ T cell epitopes. Four juvenile rhesus macaques were inoculated with a mixed inoculum (G1P[8] and G9P[8]) of human rotaviruses. Infection accompanied by G1P[8] shedding was achieved in the two macaques that had no rotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) in plasma. To measure the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) anti-viral cytokines produced by peripheral CD4+ cells that recognize VP6 epitopes, whole blood cells from one infected macaque were stimulated in vitro with VP6 peptides. Stimulation with peptide pools derived from the simian rotavirus VP6161–395 region revealed reactivity of CD4+ T cells with the VP6281–331 domain. A VP6301–315 region was identified as the epitope responsible for IFN-γ production while a broader VP6293–327 domain was linked to TNF production. These results suggest that human rotavirus-infected macaques can be used for identification of additional epitopes and domains to address specific questions related to the development of pediatric vaccines.

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