scholarly journals Review of Advanced Hydrogel-Based Cell Encapsulation Systems for Insulin Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Espona-Noguera ◽  
Jesús Ciriza ◽  
Alberto Cañibano-Hernández ◽  
Gorka Orive ◽  
Rosa María Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Autoimmune Destruction ◽  
Cell Sources

: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of β-cells in the pancreatic islets. In this regard, islet transplantation aims for the replacement of the damaged β-cells through minimally invasive surgical procedures, thereby being the most suitable strategy to cure T1DM. Unfortunately, this procedure still has limitations for its widespread clinical application, including the need for long-term immunosuppression, the lack of pancreas donors and the loss of a large percentage of islets after transplantation. To overcome the aforementioned issues, islets can be encapsulated within hydrogel-like biomaterials to diminish the loss of islets, to protect the islets resulting in a reduction or elimination of immunosuppression and to enable the use of other insulin-producing cell sources. This review aims to provide an update on the different hydrogel-based encapsulation strategies of insulin-producing cells, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks for a successful clinical application.

scholarly journals On type 1 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. R38-R46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula A Paschou ◽  
Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou ◽  
George P Chrousos ◽  
Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Destruction ◽  
Long Latency

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from the autoimmune destruction of β cells of the endocrine pancreas. Pathogenesis of T1DM is different from that of type 2 diabetes mellitus, where both insulin resistance and reduced secretion of insulin by the β cells play a synergistic role. We will present genetic, environmental and immunologic factors that destroy β cells of the endocrine pancreas and lead to insulin deficiency. The process of autoimmune destruction takes place in genetically susceptible individuals under the triggering effect of one or more environmental factors and usually progresses over a period of many months to years, during which period patients are asymptomatic and euglycemic, but positive for relevant autoantibodies. Symptomatic hyperglycemia and frank diabetes occur after a long latency period, which reflects the large percentage of β cells that need to be destroyed before overt diabetes become evident.

scholarly journals The structural and functional recovery of pancreatic β-cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus induced mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widagdo Sri Nugroho ◽  
Dwi Liliek Kusindarta ◽  
Heru Susetya ◽  
Ida Fitriana ◽  
Guntari Titik Mulyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Cell Conditioned Medium

scholarly journals The role of interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Bouças ◽  
Fernanda dos Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Luis Henrique Canani ◽  
Daisy Crispim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Decompensation ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Autoimmune Destruction ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Rna And Dna

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease characterized by metabolic decompensation frequently leading to dehydration and ketoacidosis. Viral pathogens seem to play a major role in triggering the autoimmune destruction that leads to the development of T1DM. Among several viral strains investigated so far, enteroviruses have been consistently associated with T1DM in humans. One of the mediators of viral damage is the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) generated during replication and transcription of viral RNA and DNA. The IFIH1 gene encodes a cytoplasmic receptor of the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) family that recognizes dsRNA, playing a role in the innate immune response triggered by viral infection. Binding of dsRNA to this PRR triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferons (IFNs), which exhibit potent antiviral activity, protecting uninfected cells and inducing apoptosis of infected cells. The IFIH1 gene appears to play a major role in the development of some autoimmune diseases, and it is, therefore, a candidate gene for T1DM. Within this context, the objective of the present review was to address the role of IFIH1 in the development of T1DM.

Teplizumab for Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica W Skelley ◽  
Lindsey K Elmore ◽  
Jeffrey A Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Phase 3

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of teplizumab and evaluate relevant clinical trial data. Data Sources: Searches of MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, ClinicalTrials.gov, American Diabetes Association scientific posters, and Google Scholar (1966-May 2012) were conducted using the key words teplizumab. anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, MGA031, and hOKT3γ1 (Ala-Ala). Searches were limited to articles published in English. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Clinical trials evaluating teplizumab for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) published in English were selected from the data sources. All published relevant abstracts were included. References cited in identified articles were used for additional citations. Data Synthesis: T1DM accounts for up to 10% of all cases of diabetes mellitus, T1DM is characterized as a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease leading to the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreas. Teplizumab is a humanized Fc-mutated anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody that alters the function of the T-lymphocytes that mediate the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. While clinical data are limited, both Phase 2 and Phase 3 studies have demonstrated preserved C-peptide response as a measure of insulin production, decreased exogenous insulin use, and improved grycemic control following a 12- to 14-day teplizumab infusion in patients diagnosed with T1DM within the previous 6 weeks. However, 1 Phase 3 trial tailed to find the same benefits in those diagnosed with T1DM within the previous 12 weeks when a lower cumulative teplizumab dose was used. Initial studies indicated that teplizumab is well tolerated, with a self-limiting rash as the most commonly reported adverse effect. Conclusions: Teplizumab is an anti-CD3 human monoclonal antibody with promising activity in treatment of patients with T1DM, Results from Phase 3 trials are needed to further determine safety, efficacy, and dosing frequency.

IMMUNOREACTIVE α-INTERFERON IN INSULIN-SECRETING β CELLS IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

The Lancet ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 330 (8573) ◽  
pp. 1423-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
AlanK. Foulis ◽  
MauraA. Farquharson ◽  
Anthony Meager
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Β Cells

scholarly journals Exosome Degeneration in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10906
Author(s):  
Michiko Horiguchi ◽  
Yuko Okada ◽  
Yuya Turudome ◽  
Kentaro Ushijima
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Healthy Humans

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells and requires the regeneration of these destroyed pancreatic β-cells for radical treatment. The degeneration of organelles in stem cells compromises stem cell quality; however, organelles in the mesenchymal stem cells of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have not been characterized previously. In this study, we use transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the degeneration of organelles in adipose-derived stem cells of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM ADSCs). Compared to adipose-derived stem cells from healthy humans, T1DM ADSCs degenerate differently, characterized by prominent enlarged spherical vesicles. The exosomes of T1DM ADSCs are found to be enlarged, reduced in number, and increased in the percentage of those positive for tetraspanin CD9. The findings of this study provide insight into the characteristics of stem cells in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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