scholarly journals Self-Assembled Cationic-Covered Nanoemulsion as A Novel Biocompatible Immunoadjuvant for Antiserum Production Against Tityus serrulatus Scorpion Venom

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Arthur Sérgio Avelino de Medeiros ◽  
Manoela Torres-Rêgo ◽  
Ariane Ferreira Lacerda ◽  
Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa do Egito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Immunization Protocol ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Hemolytic Effect ◽  
Tityus Serrulatus ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Venom Proteins

This study assesses the efficacy of different nanoemulsion formulations as new and innovative adjuvants for improving the in vivo immunization against the Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. Nanoemulsions were designed testing key-variables such as surfactants, co-solvents, and the influence of the temperature, which would be able to induce the phase transition from a liquid crystal to a stable nanoemulsion, assessed for four months. Additionally, cationic-covered nanoemulsion with hyper-branched poly(ethyleneimine) was prepared and its performance was compared to the non-cationic ones. The physicochemical properties of the selected nanoemulsions and the interactions among their involved formulation compounds were carefully monitored. The cytotoxicity studies in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and red blood cells were used to compare different formulations. Moreover, the performance of the nanoemulsion systems as biocompatible adjuvants was evaluated using mice immunization protocol. The FTIR shifts and the zeta potential changes (from −18.3 ± 1.0 to + 8.4 ± 1.4) corroborated with the expected supramolecular anchoring of venom proteins on the surface of the nanoemulsion droplets. Cell culture assays demonstrated the non-toxicity of the formulations at concentrations less than 1.0 mg/mL, which were able to inhibit the hemolytic effect of the scorpion venom. The cationic-covered nanoemulsion has shown superior adjuvant activity, revealing the highest IgG titer in the immunized animals compared to both the non-cationic counterpart and the traditional aluminum adjuvant. In this approach, we demonstrate the incredible potential application of nanoemulsions as adjuvants, using a nanotechnology platform for antigen delivery system on immune cells. Additionally, the functionalization with hyper-branched poly(ethyleneimine) enhances this recognition and improves its action in immunization.

scholarly journals Tityus serrulatus Scorpion Venom: In Vitro Tests and Their Correlation with In Vivo Lethal Dose Assay

Toxins ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cajado-Carvalho ◽  
Juliana Galvão ◽  
Alexandre Kuniyoshi ◽  
Patrícia Carneiro ◽  
Adriana Paes Leme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Tityus Serrulatus

Effect of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom and its major toxin, TsTX-I, on the complement system in vivo

Toxicon ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Trinca Bertazzi ◽  
Ana Isabel de Assis-Pandochi ◽  
Ana Elisa Caleiro Seixas Azzolini ◽  
Vinicius Luis Talhaferro ◽  
Marcio Lazzarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complement System ◽  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Tityus Serrulatus ◽  
The Complement System

scholarly journals Activation of Dendritic Cells by Liposomes Prepared from Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides from Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Adjuvant Activity In Vivo

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 5235-5246 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dennis Sprott ◽  
Chantal J. Dicaire ◽  
Komal Gurnani ◽  
Subash Sad ◽  
Lakshmi Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Lipid Vesicle ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Murine Bone Marrow ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides

ABSTRACT Liposome vesicles could be formed at 65°C from the chloroform-soluble, total polar lipids (TPL) extracted from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) entrapped in TPL liposomes produced both anti-OVA antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were activated to secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor upon exposure to antigen-free TPL liposomes. Three phosphoglycolipids and three phospholipids comprising 96% of TPL were identified as phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, palmitoyl-phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin. The activation of dendritic cells by liposomes prepared from each purified lipid component of TPL was evaluated in vitro. A basal activity of phosphatidylinositol liposomes to activate proinflammatory cytokine production appeared to be attributable to the tuberculosteric fatty acyl 19:0 chain characteristic of mycobacterial glycerolipids, as similar lipids lacking tuberculosteric chains showed little activity. Phosphatidylinositol dimannoside was identified as the primary lipid that activated dendritic cells to produce amounts of proinflammatory cytokines several times higher than the basal level, indicating the importance of mannose residues. Although the activity of phosphatidylinositol dimannoside was little influenced by palmitoylation of mannose at C-6, a further palmitoylation at inositol C-3 diminished the induction levels of IL-6 and IL-12. Further, OVA entrapped in palmitoyl-phosphatidylinositol dimannoside liposomes was delivered to dendritic cells for major histocompatibility complex class I presentation more effectively than TPL OVA-liposomes. BCG liposomes containing mannose lipids caused up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and CD40. Thus, the inclusion of pure phosphatidylinositol mannosides of BCG in lipid vesicle vaccines represents a simple and efficient option for targeting antigen delivery and providing immune stimulation.

In vivo protection against Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom by antibodies raised against a discontinuous synthetic epitope

Vaccine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Guerra Duarte ◽  
Larissa Magalhães Alvarenga ◽  
Camila Dias-Lopes ◽  
Ricardo Andrés Machado-de-Ávila ◽  
Christophe Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Tityus Serrulatus

Neurotoxic Effects of Three Fractions Isolated from Tityus serrulatus Scorpion Venom

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Leonor A. Nencioni ◽  
Fatima F. Carvalho ◽  
Ivo Lebrun ◽  
Valquiria A. Coronado Dorce ◽  
Maria Regina L. Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Tityus Serrulatus

Cytotoxicity Studies of Curcumin Loaded-Cockle Shell-Derived Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Muhammad Mailafiya ◽  
Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas ◽  
Kabeer Abubakar ◽  
Abubakar Danmaigoro ◽  
Samaila Musa Chiroma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Cockle Shell

Background: Cockle shell-derived calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CSCaCO3NP) are natural biogenic inorganic material that is used in drug delivery mainly as a bone-remodeling agent as well as a delivery agent for various therapeutics against bone diseases. Curcumin possess wide safety margin and yet puzzled with the problem of poor bioavailability due to insolubility. Propounding in vitro and in vivo studies on toxicity assessments of newly synthesized nanoparticles are ongoing to overcome some crucial challenges regarding their safety administration. Nanotoxicology has paved ways for concise test protocols to monitor sequential events with regards to possible toxicity of newly synthesized nanomaterials. The development of nanoparticle with no or less toxic effect has gained tremendous attentions. Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro cytotoxic effect of curcumin-loaded cockle shell-derived calcium carbonate nanoparticles (Cur-CSCaCO3NP) and assessing its biocompatibility on normal cells using standard techniques of WST’s assay. Method: Standard techniques of WST’s assay was used for the evaluation of the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. Result: The result showed that CSCaCO3NP and Cur-CSCaCO3NP possess minimal toxicity and high biocompatibility on normal cells even at higher dose of 500 µg/ml and 40 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: CSCaCO3NP can be termed an excellent non-toxic nanocarrier for curcumin delivery. Hence, curcumin loaded cockle shell derived calcium carbonate nanoparticles (Cur-CSCaCO3NP) could further be assessed for various in vivo and in vitro therapeutic applications against various bone related ailments.

scholarly journals Protective Response in Experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis Elicited by Extracellular Vesicles Containing Antigens of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Ludmila Matos Baltazar ◽  
Gabriela Fior Ribeiro ◽  
Gustavo J. Freitas ◽  
Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior ◽  
Caio Tavares Fagundes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Activated T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Mobilization

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease caused by Paracoccidioides spp. PCM is endemic in Latin America and most cases are registered in Brazil. This mycosis affects mainly the lungs, but can also spread to other tissues and organs, including the liver. Several approaches have been investigated to improve treatment effectiveness and protection against the disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are good antigen delivery vehicles. The present work aims to investigate the use of EVs derived from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis as an immunization tool in a murine model of PCM. For this, male C57BL/6 were immunized with two doses of EVs plus adjuvant and then infected with P. brasiliensis. EV immunization induced IgM and IgG in vivo and cytokine production by splenocytes ex vivo. Further, immunization with EVs had a positive effect on mice infected with P. brasiliensis, as it induced activated T lymphocytes and NKT cell mobilization to the infected lungs, improved production of proinflammatory cytokines and the histopathological profile, and reduced fungal burden. Therefore, the present study shows a new role for P. brasiliensis EVs in the presence of adjuvant as modulators of the host immune system, suggesting their utility as immunizing agents.

scholarly journals Pharmacological comparison of four biopolymeric natural gums as hemostatic agents for management of bleeding wounds: preliminary in vitro and in vivo results

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kushwah ◽  
Nidhi Sandal ◽  
Meenakshi Chauhan ◽  
Gaurav Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gum Tragacanth ◽  
Civilian Trauma ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Abstract Background Uncontrolled bleeding is one of the primary reasons for preventable death in both civilian trauma and military battle field. This study evaluates in vitro and in vivo hemostatic potential of four biopolymeric natural gums, namely, gum tragacanth, guar gum, xanthan gum, and gum acacia. In vitro evaluation of whole blood clotting time and erythrocyte agglutination assay were carried out. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with respect to each gum were done in human lymphocytes to ascertain percent cell viability. In vivo hemostatic potential of each gum (as sponge dressing and powder form) was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats using tail bleeding assay and compared with commercially available hemostatic sponge. Other important parameters like (a) time taken for complete hemostasis, (b) amount of blood absorbed, (c) adherence strength of developed hemostatic dressing(s), (d) incidence of re-bleeding, and (e) survival of animals were also studied. Results Of the four test gums studied, xanthan gum (@3mg/ml of blood) and gum tragacanth (@35mg/ml of blood) were able to clot blood in least time (58.75±6.408 s and 59.00±2.082 s, respectively) and exhibited very good hemostatic potential in vitro. Except for xanthan gum, all other test gums did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity at different time points till 24 h. In rat tail bleeding experiments, gum tragacanth sponge dressing and powder achieved hemostasis in least time (156.2±12.86 s and 76±12.55 s, respectively) and much earlier than commercially available product (333.3±38.84 s; p˂0.01). Conclusion Results indicate potential of gum tragacanth to be developed into a suitable hemostatic product.

Behavioral, Electroencephalographic, and Histopathologic Effects of a Neuropeptide Isolated From Tityus serrulatus Scorpion Venom in Rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima F Carvalho ◽  
Ana Leonor A Nencioni ◽  
Ivo Lebrun ◽  
Maria Regina L Sandoval ◽  
Valquiria A.C Dorce
Keyword(s):  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Tityus Serrulatus
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