scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Ageratum conyzoides, Oryza sativa f. spontanea (Weedy Rice) and Cyperus iria to Parthenium hysterophorus Methanol Extract

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Mst. Motmainna ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Norhayu Binti Asib ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Glasshouse Condition ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. methanol extract on Ageratum conyzoides L., Oryza sativa f. spontanea (weedy rice) and Cyperus iria L. in glasshouse condition. Here, Parthenium hysterophorus methanol extract at 20, 40, and 60 g L−1 concentrations was applied on the test species to examine their physiological and biochemical responses at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after spraying (HAS). The phytotoxicity of P. hysterophorus was strong on A. conyzoides compared to weedy rice and Cyperus iria at different concentrations and exposure times. There was a reduction in photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content when plants were treated with P. hysterophorus extract concentrations. Exposure to P. hysterophorus (60 g L−1) at 24 HAS increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content by 152% and 130%, respectively, in A. conyzoides compared with control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)) were also increased in the presence of P. hysterophorus extract. Present findings confirm that the methanol extract of P. hysterophorus can disrupt the physiological and biochemical mechanism of target weeds and could be used as an alternative to chemical herbicides.

scholarly journals Bioherbicidal Properties of Parthenium hysterophorus, Cleome rutidosperma and Borreria alata Extracts on Selected Crop and Weed Species

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Mst. Motmainna ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Norhayu Binti Asib ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Natural Herbicide ◽  
Cleome Rutidosperma

Natural product-based herbicides could be the effective alternatives to synthetic chemical herbicides for eco-friendly weed management. This research, therefore, was conducted to identify the phytotoxic properties of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. with a view to introducing them as a tool for natural herbicide development. The methanol extracts of these plants were examined on the germination and growth of Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L., Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench and Amaranthus gangeticus L., Oryza sativa f. Spontanea Roshev. (Weedy rice), Echinochloa colona (L.) Link., Euphorbia hirta L., and Ageratum conyzoides L. under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. A complete randomized design (CRD) with five replications and randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications were laid out for laboratory and glasshouse experiments, respectively. In the laboratory experiment, three plant extracts of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 50, and 100 g L−1 were tested on survival rate, hypocotyl, and radicle length of eight test plant species. No seed germination of A. conzyoides, E. hirta, and A. gangeticus were recorded when P. hysterophorus extract was applied at 50 g L−1. C. rutidosperma had the same effect on those plants at 100 g L−1. In the glasshouse, similar extracts and concentrations used in the laboratory experiments were sprayed on at the 2–3 leaf stage for grasses and 4–6 for the broadleaf species. Tested plants were less sensitive to C. rutidosperma and B. alata compared to P. hysterophorus extract. Among the weeds and crops, A. conyzoides, E. hirta, A. esculentus and A. gangeticus were mostly inhibited by P. hysterophorus extract at 100 g L−1. Based on these results, P. hysterophorus was the most phytotoxic among the tested plant extracts and could be used for developing a new natural herbicide for green agriculture.

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Varieties Against Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Selçuk Kuru ◽  
ÇIğdem Işikalan ◽  
Filiz Akbaş
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Physiological and biochemical responses of six different rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties cultivated in Turkey and two local varieties, namely Karacadağ and Hazro to the drought were investigated. After 12 days of drought treatment, the highest and lowest OP values were observed in Osmancık-97 (-1.14 MPa) and Karacadağ (-1.55 MPa) varieties, respectively. In the same treatment, it was observed that the amount of proline increased 19.9-fold in Karacadağ and 3.6-fold in Osmancık-97. When the data obtained from all parameters were correlated with drought stress tolerance, Osmancık-97 and Beşer varieties were considered to be tolerant, while Gönen and Karacadağ varieties are considered to be more sensitive. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 335-342, 2021 (June)

scholarly journals Sensitivity to salinity at the emergence and seedling stages of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), weedy rice (Oryza sativa), and rice with different tolerances to ALS-inhibiting herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Silvia Fogliatto ◽  
Lorenzo Patrucco ◽  
Marco Milan ◽  
Francesco Vidotto
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Herbicide Resistant

Abstract Salinization is affecting many rice (Oryza sativa L.) areas worldwide and weed infestation, together with the occurrence of herbicide-resistant populations, is further limiting rice yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of water salinity on the emergence and seedling growth of five Italian barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] populations (three sensitive and two resistant to acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides), three Italian weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) populations (all sensitive to imazamox), and two rice varieties (the conventional ‘Baldo’ variety and the imazamox-tolerant ‘CL80’ one). In 2017, seeds were sown in alveolar trays filled with sand, a nutrient solution, and water with the following salt concentrations: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl. Plant emergence (after 15 d), plant height, shoot and root weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content were measured at 40 d after sowing. Echinochloa crus-galli showed a higher tolerance to salinity than O. sativa and rice. All species were affected more at the seedling stage than at emergence. A variable behavior of the herbicide-resistant populations was shown; one resistant E. crus-galli population was affected more by salinity and showed a lower emergence rate (about 20% against 40% emergence of the other populations at the highest salt concentration) and reduced seedling growth, while the other resistant population’s response was similar to that of the sensitive populations. The chlorophyll content increased as the salt content increased in all E. crus-galli populations. The highest emergence and growth reduction in O. sativa were recorded in the imazamox-tolerant rice. Rice and O. sativa were able to grow only up to 50 mM. Echinochloa crus-galli populations are probably favored under saline conditions, while lower infestation by O. sativa can be expected.

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