scholarly journals Understanding the Role of the Antioxidant System and the Tetrapyrrole Cycle in Iron Deficiency Chlorosis

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla S. Santos ◽  
Rengin Ozgur ◽  
Baris Uzilday ◽  
Ismail Turkan ◽  
Mariana Roriz ◽  
...  

Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is an abiotic stress often experienced by soybean, owing to the low solubility of iron in alkaline soils. Here, soybean lines with contrasting Fe efficiencies were analyzed to test the hypothesis that the Fe efficiency trait is linked to antioxidative stress signaling via proper management of tissue Fe accumulation and transport, which in turn influences the regulation of heme and non heme containing enzymes involved in Fe uptake and ROS scavenging. Inefficient plants displayed higher oxidative stress and lower ferric reductase activity, whereas root and leaf catalase activity were nine-fold and three-fold higher, respectively. Efficient plants do not activate their antioxidant system because there is no formation of ROS under iron deficiency; while inefficient plants are not able to deal with ROS produced under iron deficiency because ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase are not activated because of the lack of iron as a cofactor, and of heme as a constituent of those enzymes. Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase isoenzymatic regulation may play a determinant role: 10 superoxide dismutase isoenzymes were observed in both cultivars, but iron superoxide dismutase activity was only detected in efficient plants; 15 peroxidase isoenzymes were observed in the roots and trifoliate leaves of efficient and inefficient cultivars and peroxidase activity levels were only increased in roots of efficient plants.

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Oki ◽  
Suyeon Kim ◽  
Hiromi Nakanishi ◽  
Michiko Takahashi ◽  
Hirotaka Yamaguchi ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Chunhui MA ◽  
Kenji TANABE ◽  
Akihiro ITAI ◽  
Yuanwen TENG ◽  
Jong-Pil CHUN

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Pattanashetti ◽  
Gopalakrishna K. Naidu ◽  
Prakyath Kumar K.V. ◽  
Omprakash Kumar Singh ◽  
Basavaraj D. Biradar

AbstractIron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is common among groundnut grown in calcareous and alkaline soils in India, China and Pakistan and causes considerable reduction in pod yield. To identify genetically diverse IDC tolerant accessions, the mini-core collection of groundnut representing geographical diversity was evaluated for IDC response over 2 years in iron-deficient calcareous soils. Enormous genetic variability was evident in the mini-core collection for IDC tolerance-related traits such as a visual chlorotic rating (VCR) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) across five growth stages. Several IDC tolerant sources belonging to different botanical varieties such as hypogaea bunch (ICG # 5051, 6766, 5286, 6667, 4538, 14008, 5663, 9842, 11855), hypogaea runner (ICG 10479), fastigiata (ICG 10890) and vulgaris (ICG # 11651, 118) were identified. Among the six botanical varieties of groundnut, hypogaea bunch types were found most tolerant to IDC and this is the first report in groundnut. The IDC tolerant sources identified were irrespective of their country of origin. The principal component analysis based on VCR, SCMR, pod yield and its related traits revealed five major principal components that explained 80% of the total variation. The biplot generated using PC1 and PC2 revealed a distinct separation of IDC tolerant genotypes from the susceptible ones. The hierarchical clustering using five major principal components revealed seven major clusters that were mainly based on IDC response of the accessions.


HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 887E-887
Author(s):  
Rui Zhou* ◽  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
Abhaya Dandekar

Sorbitol is the primary photosynthetic end product in the leaves of many tree fruit species in the Rosaceae family, but its physiological role remains unclear. In this study, we determined the effect of decreased sorbitol synthesis on the antioxidant system that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apple leaves. Sorbitol synthesis was decreased in apple leaves by antisense inhibition of aldose-6-phosphate reductase activity. Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase, and catalase (CAT) activities increased in the leaves of the transgenic plants with decreased sorbitol synthesis, whereas superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, NADH dependent and NADPH dependent monodehydroascorbate reductase activity did not show significant changes. Ascorbate and glutathione concentrations were higher in leaves of the transgenic plants compared with the control. The effect of decreased sorbitol synthesis on the antioxidant enzyme activity was dependent on leaf developmental stages. Larger changes in the enzyme activities of CAT, DHAR, and GR were observed in the old leaves than in the young leaves. These results suggest that sorbitol may play a role in ROS scavenging in apple leaves.


Author(s):  
Anita Mann ◽  
A. L. Singh ◽  
Shubhangi Oza ◽  
Nisha Goswami ◽  
Deepti Mehta ◽  
...  

In a field study, the effect of iron source through foliar as well as basal application was studied on lime induced iron-deficiency chlorosis (LIIC), chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, available Fe and micronutrients in groundnut. The visual chlorotic rating screen of various Fe-efficient and Fe-inefficient cultivars clearly identified Fe-efficient and Fe-inefficient. Tirupati-4 was showing symptoms of chlorosis and was Fe-inefficient. Fe absorption capacity varied among cultivars. Applications of iron increased active Fe content in LGN-2 by 5.6 % and 163.18% in CSMG-84-1 respectively. A significant increase in chlorophyll content (10%) and nitrate reductase (110%) was observed with foliar spray of FeSO4. A significant damage of lipid peroxidation was observed in absence of iron which was improved by 37% in Tirupati-4 and 16.67% in CSMG-84-1 by foliar and basal supplementation of Fe, respectively. A strong correlation among the Fe, Mn, Zn and K depicted ionomic interaction with different treatments. Based on the ion absorption capacity and the level of chlorosis, the groundnut genotypes were grouped as tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive to iron chlorosis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salama & El Fouly

This study was aimed to compare between the effects of different chemical forms of Zn and cupper[ionic forms (CuSO4), (Zn SO4) and chelated forms of [Cu Zn (II) HEDTA and Cu (II) HEDTA], whereas, HEDTA is N-(hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine triacetic acid, applied at micromolar concentrations in the nutrient solution] of Phaseolus Vulgaris plants grown hydroponically under conditions of iron deficiency (- Fe) were investigated. Plant variants (– Fe + 2 µM Cu2+) and (– Fe+ 20 µM Zn2+) with extremely strong chlorosis were examined for investigations to take after the recuperation of leaf greening after treatment with Cu(II)HEDTA created leaf greening in the two variations, particularly strong for the recently which created leaf, as it appeared with chlorophyll estimations. Changes of plasma membrane reductase movement (PMRA) in roots after treatment with ionic or chelated copper were followed in (+Fe) and (– Fe) plants. The results show the increment of ferric-chelate reductase action (with substrate of Fe (III) HEDTA). Then, the cupric-chelate Cu (II) HEDTA, connected at similar level in arrangements with (– Fe) plants, kept up the high encouragement of plasma membrane ferric-chelate reductase activity. It can be concluded that the treatment with Cu (II) HEDTA enhanced the development and root plasma membrane reductase activity (PMRA) and additionally iron deficiency reactions of phaseolus plants. Regard to cell compounds increase, measurements of 20 μM of Zn altogether developed the action of the protein superoxide dismutase and peroxidase.


Author(s):  
И.Д. Габдрахманова ◽  
В.А. Мышкин ◽  
Д.А. Еникеев ◽  
А.Р. Гимадиева

Цель исследования: изучение влияния сукцината 1,3,6-триметил-5-гидроксиурацила на антиоксидантную систему и свободнорадикальные процессы в печени взрослых и старых крыс при воздействии тетрахлорметана. Методика. В эксперименте использованы половозрелые животные 12-месячного возраста со средней массой 250 г и старые животные 24-месячного возраста, средней массой 395 г по 30 особей в каждой возрастной группе. Токсическое поражение печени вызывали подкожным введением 50%-ного масляного раствора тетрахлорметана (ТХМ, 2 г/кг) в течение 4 сут. Одновременно с токсикантом опытным животным внутрибрюшинно вводили водный раствор коплексного соединения сукцинат-1,3,6-триметил-5-гидроксиурацила (2,5 мг/100 г) 3 раза в сут. в течение первых 4 сут. и в течение последующих 3 сут. 1 раз в сут. Контролем служили опытные животные, которым вводили физиологический раствор в том же объеме. Изучали окислительную модификацию белков, перекисное окисление липидов (по содержанию ТБК-реагирующих продуктов, уровню гидроперекисей липидов и содержанию диеновых конъюгатов). Состояние антиоксидантной системы оценивали по активности ферментов супероксиддисмутазы, каталазы и глутатионпероксидазы, определяемых биохимическими методами. Антирадикальную активность комплексного соединения и его составляющих субстанций исследовали в модельной системе «этилбензол-ледяная уксусная кислота» с вычислением константы К - скорости взаимодействия перекисных радикалов с молекулами изучаемого соединения в сравнении с эталонным антиоксидантом-ионолом с витамином Е. Результаты. Сукцинат + 1,3,6-триметил-5-гидрокси-урацила существенно снижает токсическое действие ТХМ на печень взрослых и старых крыс, устраняет дисбаланс в системах свободнорадикального окисления белков у старых крыс, статистически значимо улучшает показатели свободнорадикального окисления (СРО) липидов в печени взрослых и старых крыс: снижает уровень продуктов ПОЛ - гидроперекисей, диеновых конъюгатов, ТБК-реагирующих продуктов, а также улучшает работу антиоксидантной системы (АОС), повышая активность каталазы, супероксиддисмутазы и глутатионпероксидазы. Установлена высокая антирадикальная активность изучаемого препарата сопоставимая с активностью эталонного антиоксиданта ионола. Заключение. Сукцинат и его производные способны выступать как индивидуальные вещества с непосредственным антирадикальным механизмом действия, а не только как стимуляторы ферментативных систем антиоксидантной защиты. Aim. To study the effect of a complex compound, 1,3,6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil succinate, on the antioxidant system and free radical processes induced by carbon tetrachloride in the liver of adult and old rats. Methods. The study used sexually mature animals aged 12 months and weighing 250 g and old animals aged 24 months weighing 395 g (total n= 60, 30 rats in each age group). Toxic damage of liver was induced by subcutaneous injections of a 50% oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (CTC) at 2 g/kg for 4 days. Together with the toxicant, experimental animals were injected with a water solution of a complex compound, succinate 1,3,6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil, at a dose of 2.5 mg/100 g, i.p., 3 times per day for the first 4 days and once daily for the following 3 days. Experimental animals were used as controls, which were administered saline in the same volume. Oxidative modifications of proteins, lipid peroxidation (by levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides, and conjugated dienes) were studied. Condition of the antioxidant system was evaluated by activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase using biochemical methods. Antiradical activity of the complex compound and its components was studied in a model system of ethylbenzene-glacial acetic acid; the K7 constant of the rate of peroxide radical interaction with molecules of the studied compound was compared with the reference antioxidant ionol with vitamin E. Results. Succinate +1.3.6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil, considerably reduced TXM hepatotoxicity in adult and old rats; removed the disbalance in free radical systems of protein oxidation in old rats; significantly improved indexes of free-radical oxidation (FRO) of hepatic lipids in adult and old rats; decreased levels of LP products, hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, and TBARS, and enhanced performance of the antioxidant system (AOS) by increasing activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. The study demonstrated a high antiradical activity of the study drug comparable with the activity of the reference antioxidant, ionol. Сonclusion. Succinate and its derivatives can perform as individual substances with a direct antiradical mechanism of action rather than as stimulators of enzymic systems of antioxidant defence.


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