scholarly journals Evaluation of Nitrogen Nutrition in Diminishing Water Deficiency at Different Growth Stages of Maize by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Attila Simkó ◽  
Gáspár Soma Gáspár ◽  
László Kiss ◽  
Péter Makleit ◽  
Szilvia Veres
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Efficient nitrogen (N) nutrition has been reported to have the potential to alleviate the drought stress damages by maintaining metabolic activities even at low tissue water potential. The goal of our research was to find a correlation on the genotype level between the effect of different amounts of nitrogen nutrition and water supply at different growth stages. A small-plot experiment was established with three maize hybrids and three levels of nitrogen, and two different amounts of water supply were applied during the vegetation period of 2018 and 2019. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were detected, as well as potential and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, at three growth stages: eight-leaf stage, tasseling, silking. At physiological maturity, the yield of hybrids was also measured. While only genotype differences were described among the investigated parameters in the V8 stage, treatment effects were also realized based on the measured chlorophyll fluorescence parameters during the tasseling and silking stages. Beyond the significant effect of irrigation, a similar impact was declared in the case of 80 kg ha−1 N treatment at the later growth stages. Pronounced correlation was described between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield mainly under irrigated conditions. Our result suggested that lower N nutrition may be sufficient mainly under irrigated conditions, and in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are appropriate for detecting the effect of environmental factors in different growth stages.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging-Based Duckweed Phenotyping to Assess Acute Phytotoxic Effects

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2763
Author(s):  
Viktor Oláh ◽  
Anna Hepp ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Ilona Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects

Duckweeds (Lemnaceae species) are extensively used models in ecotoxicology, and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging offers a sensitive and high throughput platform for phytotoxicity assays with these tiny plants. However, the vast number of potentially applicable chlorophyll fluorescence-based test endpoints makes comparison and generalization of results hard among different studies. The present study aimed to jointly measure and compare the sensitivity of various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Spirodela polyrhiza (giant duckweed) plants exposed to nickel, chromate (hexavalent chromium) and sodium chloride for 72 h, respectively. The photochemistry of Photosystem II in both dark- and light-adapted states of plants was assessed via in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence imaging method. Our results indicated that the studied parameters responded with very divergent sensitivity, highlighting the importance of parallelly assessing several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Generally, the light-adapted parameters were more sensitive than the dark-adapted ones. Thus, the former ones might be the preferred endpoints in phytotoxicity assays. Fv/Fm, i.e., the most extensively reported parameter literature-wise, proved to be the least sensitive endpoint; therefore, future studies might also consider reporting Fv/Fo, as its more responsive analogue. The tested toxicants induced different trends in the basic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and, at least partly, in relative proportions of different quenching processes, suggesting that a basic distinction of water pollutants with different modes of action might be achievable by this method. We found definite hormetic patterns in responses to several endpoints. Hormesis occurred in the concentration ranges where the applied toxicants resulted in strong growth inhibition in longer-term exposures of the same duckweed clone in previous studies. These findings indicate that changes in the photochemical efficiency of plants do not necessarily go hand in hand with growth responses, and care should be taken when one exclusively interprets chlorophyll fluorescence-based endpoints as general proxies for phytotoxic effects.

Photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene on primary processes of photosynthesis in lichens

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie KUMMEROVÁ ◽  
štěpán ZEZULKA ◽  
Jana KRULOVÁ ◽  
Jan TŘÍSKA
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Photochemical Processes ◽  
Symbiotic Algae ◽  
Lasallia Pustulata ◽  
Photoinduced Toxicity ◽  
Umbilicaria Hirsuta

The effect of increasing concentrations (0·01, 0·1, 1 and 5 mg l−1) of intact (FLT) and photo-modified (phFLT) fluoranthene and the duration of exposure (1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days) on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F0, FV/FM, and ΦII) of symbiotic algae in the thalli of two foliose lichens Lasallia pustulata and Umbilicaria hirsuta was investigated. In addition the FLT concentration in thalli of both lichen species was determined and a bioconcentration factor (BCF) was calculated. The results obtained demonstrated that the concentrations of FLT and especially phFLT (1 and 5 mg l−1) applied affected primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis in the algae of both lichen species. The F0 value increased and the FV/FM and ΦII values decreased. The fluoranthene content in the thallus of both lichen species increased with increasing FLT concentration in the environment.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic response to nitrogen source and different ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus in toxic cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guotao Peng ◽  
Zhengqiu Fan ◽  
Xiangrong Wang ◽  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
N Assimilation

<p>The frequent outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms has become a worldwide phenomenon in freshwater ecosystems. Studies have elucidated the close relationship between harmful algal blooms and nutrient contents, including the loading of nitrogen and the ratios of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In this study, the effect of inorganic (nitrate and ammonium) and organic (urea) nitrogen at varied N/P ratios on the <em>Microcystis</em> <em>aeruginosa</em> FACHB-905 accumulation and photosynthesis was investigated.  The optimal NO<sub>3</sub>/P in this study were 30~50 indicated by the cell abundance (4.1×10<sup>6</sup>/mL), pigment concentration (chlorophyll a 3.1 mg/L,  phycocyanin 8.3mg/L), and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (<em>rETR</em>, <em>E<sub>k</sub>, α, φPSII</em> and <em>F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub> </em>values), while too high NO<sub>3</sub>-N (N/P=100:1) would cause an intracellular nitrate inhibition, leading to a decrease of photosynthetic activity. In addition, low concentration of NH<sub>4</sub>-N (N/P=4:1) would favor the <em>M. aeruginosa </em>growth and photosynthesis, and high NH<sub>4</sub>/P ratio (&gt;16) would rise the ammonium toxicity of algal cells and affect the N assimilation. In urea treatments, <em>M. aeruginosa </em>responded similarly to the NH<sub>4</sub>-N treatments both in growth curves and pigment contents, and the favorable N/P ratio was between 16~30, suggested by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results demonstrated that the various chemical forms of N and N/P ratios have a significant impact on <em>Microcystis</em> abundance and photosynthesis. More work is needed to figure out the mechanism of nitrogen utilization by <em>Microcystis</em> and  the photosynthetic response to nutrient stress at the molecular level.</p>

scholarly journals Physiological, Biochemical and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Physalis Peruviana L. Seedlings Exposed to Different Short-Term Waterlogging Periods and Fusarium Wilt Infection

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristhian C. Chávez-Arias ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Cape gooseberry has coped with abiotic and biotic stresses such as prolonged waterlogging periods and vascular wilt in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of four waterlogging periods on stomatal conductance (gs), leaf water potential (Ψwf), plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, proline content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in cape gooseberry plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali (Foph). Two-month-old ecotype “Colombia” plants were arranged in a completely randomized factorial design in eight treatments: plants without waterlogging (control), plants with waterlogging for 4, 6 and 8 d with and without Foph, respectively. The area under the disease progress curve was higher in inoculated plants subjected to 6 and 8 d of waterlogging (55.25 and 64.25) compared to inoculated plants but without waterlogging (45.25). The results also showed a lower plant growth, gs, Ψwf, leaf photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, electron transport rate (ETR), Y (II) and qP) as waterlogging periods in plants with Foph increased. However, this group of plants showed a greater proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and a higher NPQ. In conclusion, cape gooseberry shows a low acclimation to waterlogging conditions of more than 6 d in soils with Foph.

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