A New Active Substance Derived from Lyzed Willaertia magna C2c Maky Cells to Fight Grapevine Downy Mildew

Downy mildew of grapevine is one of the most destructive grapevine diseases worldwide. Nowadays, downy mildew control relies almost exclusively on the use of chemical pesticides, including copper products, which are efficient but controversial due to their environmental toxicity. Natural plant protection products have become important solutions in the quest for the sustainable production of food and pest management. However, most biocontrol agents currently on the market, such as biofungicides or elicitors, have a limited efficacy; thus, they cannot replace chemical compounds in full. Our innovation is a natural active substance, which is a lysate of the amoeba Willaertia magna C2c Maky. This active substance is not only able to elicit grapevine defenses, but it also demonstrates direct fungicidal activity against Plasmopara viticola. The efficacy of this new natural substance was demonstrated both in a greenhouse and in a field. The amoeba lysate provided up to 77% protection to grapevine bunches in the field in a natural and safe way.

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Field evaluation of new plant protection products against Plasmopara viticola

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20191201007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 01007

Author(s):

L. Bavaresco ◽

C. Squeri ◽

A. Vercesi

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Soil Fauna ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Plasmopara Viticola ◽

Organic Production ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Long Time

One of the most dangerous fungal diseases in viticulture is downy mildew. Copper-based active ingredients have been used for a long time to protect vines against Plasmopara viticola and they have always maintained an important role in the defense of vines especially for organic production. On the other hand, copper accumulates in the soil causing toxicity with negative consequences on plants and soil fauna. For this reason, new formulations with lower copper content have been considered. In recent years, foliar fertilizers have been studied, in particular those based on phosphites that, along with the nutritional function, stimulate the production of phytoalexins. Those metabolites cause the induced systemic resistance and act directly in the break of cell membranes of pathogens. This study aims to investigate the efficacy against downy mildew of a commercial product based on phosphites and of a new copper- based foliar fertilizer, where copper is chelated with gluconic acid and aminoacids of plant origin. Based on present results, phosphites significantly reduced the infection, without anyway achieving the defense effectiveness of the copper-based treatment however they ensure a significant reduction of the doses of copper necessary to achieve adequate levels of vineyard protection.

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A High-Quality Grapevine Downy Mildew Genome Assembly Reveals Rapidly Evolving and Lineage-Specific Putative Host Adaptation Genes

Genome Biology and Evolution ◽

10.1093/gbe/evz048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 954-969 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yann Dussert ◽

Isabelle D Mazet ◽

Carole Couture ◽

Jérôme Gouzy ◽

Marie-Christine Piron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Genome Assembly ◽

Population Genomics ◽

Plasmopara Viticola ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Host Specialization ◽

Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽

Downy Mildews ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

High Level

Abstract Downy mildews are obligate biotrophic oomycete pathogens that cause devastating plant diseases on economically important crops. Plasmopara viticola is the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, a major disease in vineyards worldwide. We sequenced the genome of Pl. viticola with PacBio long reads and obtained a new 92.94 Mb assembly with high contiguity (359 scaffolds for a N50 of 706.5 kb) due to a better resolution of repeat regions. This assembly presented a high level of gene completeness, recovering 1,592 genes encoding secreted proteins involved in plant–pathogen interactions. Plasmopara viticola had a two-speed genome architecture, with secreted protein-encoding genes preferentially located in gene-sparse, repeat-rich regions and evolving rapidly, as indicated by pairwise dN/dS values. We also used short reads to assemble the genome of Plasmopara muralis, a closely related species infecting grape ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata). The lineage-specific proteins identified by comparative genomics analysis included a large proportion of RxLR cytoplasmic effectors and, more generally, genes with high dN/dS values. We identified 270 candidate genes under positive selection, including several genes encoding transporters and components of the RNA machinery potentially involved in host specialization. Finally, the Pl. viticola genome assembly generated here will allow the development of robust population genomics approaches for investigating the mechanisms involved in adaptation to biotic and abiotic selective pressures in this species.

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Protection possibilities of agricultural minor crops in the European Union: a case study of soybean, lupin and camelina

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection ◽

10.1007/s41348-019-00273-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 127 (1) ◽

pp. 55-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ewa Matyjaszczyk

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Active Substance ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Minor Crops ◽

Chemical Products

Abstract In the central part of the European Union soybean, lupin and camelina are minor agricultural crops. The paper presents analysis of plant protection products availability for those crops in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Data from year 2019 show that availability of products is generally insufficient. For camelina in some countries, there are no chemical products available whatsoever. For lupin and soybean, there are not always products available to control some pest groups. However, the products on the market differ significantly among the member states. The results show that in protection of soybean, lupin and camelina, no single active substance is registered for the same crop in all the analysed member states. In very numerous cases, active substance is registered in one out of eight analysed member states only.

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Factors affecting zoospore responses towards stomata in hop downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) including some comparisons with grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)

Physiological Plant Pathology ◽

10.1016/0048-4059(73)90013-1 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 405-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

D.J. Royle ◽

G.G. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Plasmopara Viticola ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽

Pseudoperonospora Humuli

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Case C-616/17 Blaise and Others: The precautionary principle and its role in judicial review – Glyphosate and the regulatory framework for pesticides

Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law ◽

10.1177/1023263x20949424 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 529-542

Author(s):

Sabrina Röttger-Wirtz

Keyword(s):

Precautionary Principle ◽

Judicial Review ◽

Active Substance ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Case Law ◽

Reference Procedure ◽

The Precautionary Principle ◽

Court Of Justice ◽

The Eu

The approval renewal of glyphosate as an active substance for pesticides in the EU has also kept the Court of Justice occupied. Within this line of case law, the Blaise case is the most recent one. In this preliminary reference procedure the Court was asked to review the validity of the Plant Protection Products Regulation 1107/2009, examined against the precautionary principle as benchmark. The case is relevant not only for the questions raised about the Regulation, but also as it sheds a light on the – albeit limited – use of the precautionary principle in the judicial review of EU legislative measure.

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Isolation of Plasmopara viticola from Grapevine Leaves

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019029034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Camelia Ungureanu ◽

Liliana Cristina Soare ◽

Diana Vizitiu ◽

Mirela Calinescu ◽

Irina Fierascu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Plasmopara Viticola ◽

Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽

Grapevine Leaves ◽

Downy Mildew Disease

In order to test some biofungicides, the isolation of Plasmopara viticola was carried out.Plasmopara viticola is a fungus that causes the grapevine downy mildew disease [...]

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Identification of the First Oomycete Mating-type Locus Sequence in the Grapevine Downy Mildew Pathogen, Plasmopara viticola

Current Biology ◽

10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (20) ◽

pp. 3897-3907.e4 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yann Dussert ◽

Ludovic Legrand ◽

Isabelle D. Mazet ◽

Carole Couture ◽

Marie-Christine Piron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Mating Type ◽

Plasmopara Viticola ◽

Type Locus ◽

Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽

Mating Type Locus

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Draft Genome Sequence of Plasmopara viticola , the Grapevine Downy Mildew Pathogen

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00987-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Yann Dussert ◽

Jérôme Gouzy ◽

Sylvie Richart-Cervera ◽

Isabelle D. Mazet ◽

Laurent Delière ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Genome Analysis ◽

Plant Pathogen ◽

Host Resistance ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Plasmopara Viticola ◽

Host Specialization ◽

Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽

Plant Pathogen Interactions

Plasmopara viticola is a biotrophic pathogenic oomycete responsible for grapevine downy mildew. We present here the first draft of the P. viticola genome. Analysis of this sequence will help in understanding plant-pathogen interactions in oomycetes, especially pathogen host specialization and adaptation to host resistance.

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