scholarly journals Zinc and Paclobutrazol Mediated Regulation of Growth, Upregulating Antioxidant Aptitude and Plant Productivity of Pea Plants under Salinity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud R. Sofy ◽  
Khalid M. Elhindi ◽  
Saad Farouk ◽  
Majed A. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Soil salinity is the main obstacle to worldwide sustainable productivity and food security. Zinc sulfate (Zn) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) as a cost-effective agent, has multiple biochemical functions in plant productivity. Meanwhile, their synergistic effects on inducing salt tolerance are indecisive and not often reported. A pot experiment was done for evaluating the defensive function of Zn (100 mg/L) or PBZ (200 mg/L) on salt (0, 50, 100 mM NaCl) affected pea plant growth, photosynthetic pigment, ions, antioxidant capacity, and yield. Salinity stress significantly reduces all growth and yield attributes of pea plants relative to nonsalinized treatment. This reduction was accompanied by a decline in chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (K+), the ratio between K+ and sodium (Na+), as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR). Alternatively, salinity increased Na+, carotenoid (CAR), proline (PRO), ascorbic acid (AsA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) over nonsalinized treatment. Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZ under normal condition increased plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, K+/Na+ ratio, CAR, PRO, AsA, GSH, APX, GR, and yield and its quality, meanwhile decreased Na+ over nonsprayed plants. Application of Zn and PBZ counteracted the harmful effects of salinity on pea plants, by upregulating the antioxidant system, ion homeostasis, and improving chlorophyll biosynthesis that induced plant growth and yield components. In conclusion, Zn plus PBZ application at 30 and 45 days from sowing offset the injuries of salinity on pea plant growth and yield by upregulating the antioxidant capacity and increasing photosynthetic pigments.

scholarly journals Burkholderia Phytofirmans PsJN Stimulate Growth and Yield of Quinoa under Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aizheng Yang ◽  
Saqib Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
World Population ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Burkholderia Phytofirmans Psjn

One of the major challenges in agriculture is to ensure sufficient and healthy food availability for the increasing world population in near future. This requires maintaining sustainable cultivation of crop plants under varying environmental stresses. Among these stresses, salinity is the second most abundant threat worldwide after drought. One of the promising strategies to mitigate salinity stress is to cultivate halotolerant crops such as quinoa. Under high salinity, performance can be improved by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). Among PGPB, endophytic bacteria are considered better in stimulating plant growth compared to rhizosphere bacteria because of their ability to colonize both in plant rhizosphere and plant interior. Therefore, in the current study, a pot experiment was conducted in a controlled greenhouse to investigate the effects of endophytic bacteria i.e., Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN on improving growth, physiology and yield of quinoa under salinity stress. At six leaves stage, plants were irrigated with saline water having either 0 (control) or 400 mM NaCl. The results indicated that plants inoculated with PsJN mitigated the negative effects of salinity on quinoa resulting in increased shoot biomass, grain weight and grain yield by 12%, 18% and 41% respectively, over un-inoculated control. Moreover, inoculation with PsJN improved osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis ability. In addition, leaves were also characterized for five key reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme in response to PsJN treatment. This showed higher activity of catalase (CAT) and dehydroascobate reductase (DHAR) in PsJN-treated plants. These findings suggest that inoculation of quinoa seeds with Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN could be used for stimulating growth and yield of quinoa in highly salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield Attributes of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicom Mill.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 1635-1641
Author(s):  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
A.K. Dwivedi ◽  
Poornima Devi ◽  
Jyoti Bajeli ◽  
Arunima Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes

scholarly journals USE OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA AGAINST SALT STRESS FOR TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) SEEDLING GROWTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Yagmur Yilmaz ◽  
Ceknas Erdinc ◽  
Ahmet Akkopru ◽  
Selma Kipcak
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Salt stress affects many aspects of plant metabolism and as a result, growth and yield are reduced. The aim in this study was to determine the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on tomato plants under salt stress. With this aim, the Interland F1 cv. and bacterial isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis CA41/1, Pseudomonas putida 18/1K, Pseudomonas putida S5/4ep, and Pseudomonas putida 30 were used. Salt application was completed in two different doses of 25 and 50 mM NaCl when seedlings reached the stage of 3 true leaves. At the end of the study, in addition to seedling development criteria, some nutrient element contents and rates (K, Ca, Na, K/Na and Ca/Na), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) and photosynthetic pigment contents were determined. In the stress environment, PGPR inoculation increased K content by up to 10%, while apart from isolate P. putida no.30, the other isolates lowered Na content by up to 18%. Additionally, 18/1K and S5/4ep isolates were identified to reduce membrane injury index by up to 97%. It was identified that CA41/1, 18/1K and S5/4ep isolates were more effective against salt stress, especially. In general, the plant tolerance levels induced by the bacteria were identified to increase with the increase in salt stress.

scholarly journals Influence of Glycine Betaine (Natural and Synthetic) on Growth, Metabolism and Yield Production of Drought-Stressed Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2540
Author(s):  
Sidra Shafiq ◽  
Nudrat Aisha Akram ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
Omar M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Maize Cultivars

A study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of sugar beet extract (SBE) and glycine betaine (GB) in mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress on two maize cultivars. Seeds (caryopses) of two maize cultivars, Sadaf (drought-tolerant) and Sultan (drought-sensitive) were sown in plastic pots. Plants were subjected to different (100%, 75% and 60% field capacity (FC)) water regimes. Then, different levels of SBE (3% and 4%) and GB (3.65 and 3.84 g/L) were applied as a foliar spray after 30 days of water deficit stress. Drought stress significantly decreased plant growth and yield attributes, chlorophyll pigments, while it increased relative membrane permeability (RMP), levels of osmolytes (GB and proline), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics and ascorbic acid as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes in both maize cultivars. Exogenous application via foliar spray with SBR or GB improved plant growth and yield attributes, chlorophyll pigments, osmolyte concentration, total phenolics, ascorbic acid and the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes (SOD, POD and catalase; CAT), but reduced leaf RMP and MDA concentration. The results obtained in this study exhibit the role of foliar-applied biostimulants (natural and synthetic compounds) in enhancing the growth and yield of maize cultivars by upregulating the oxidative defense system and osmoprotectant accumulation under water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals The Mutualistic Fungus Piriformospora indica Protects Barley Roots from a Loss of Antioxidant Capacity Caused by the Necrotrophic Pathogen Fusarium culmorum

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borbála D. Harrach ◽  
Helmut Baltruschat ◽  
Balázs Barna ◽  
József Fodor ◽  
Karl-Heinz Kogel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen

Fusarium culmorum causes root rot in barley (Hordeum vulgare), resulting in severely reduced plant growth and yield. Pretreatment of roots with chlamydospores of the mutualistic root-colonizing basidiomycete Piriformospora indica (subdivision Agaricomycotina) prevented necrotization of root tissues and plant growth retardation commonly associated with Fusarium root rot. Quantification of Fusarium infections with a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay revealed a correlation between root rot symptoms and the relative amount of fungal DNA. Fusarium-infected roots showed reduced levels of ascorbate and glutathione (GSH), along with reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, GSH reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase. Consistent with this, Fusarium-infected roots showed elevated levels of lipid hydroperoxides and decreased ratios of reduced to oxidized forms of ascorbate and GSH. In clear contrast, roots treated with P. indica prior to inoculation with F. culmorum showed levels of ascorbate and GSH that were similar to controls. Likewise, lipid peroxidation and the overall reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities were largely attenuated by P. indica in roots challenged by F. culmorum. These results suggest that P. indica protects roots from necrotrophic pathogens, at least partly, through activating the plant's antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Cress (Lepidium sativum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Chavda ◽  
R. A. Patel ◽  
Priya Patel ◽  
B. V. Hirpara
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted during rabiseason of the year 2014-15 at Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Centre, AnandAgricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) to study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur on cress (LepidiumSativum L.). Nitrogen significantly increase seed yields up to the level of 100 kg N/ha. Similarly, application of 80 kg P2O5/ha and 20 kg S/ha significantly improved growth and yield attributes and seed and stover yields. Interaction effect of N and S significantly increased number of siliquae/plant and seed yield.

scholarly journals Effect of seed presoaking in gibberellic acid on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plant growth, flowering, and yield

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Al-Sanoussi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Staminate Flower ◽  
Pistillate Flower ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Design

A field experiment was carried out in the region of Sirte, Libya follows completely randomized design with five replicate to evaluate the potential of seed presoaking in different concentrations of gibberellins (0, 5μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 20μg/ml) on cucumber growth, flowering, and yield. Application of gibberellin (GA3) significantly increased epicotyls length, and plant height (cm) during flowering and at the end of the experimental period compared to the control plants. Moreover, application of GA3 concentration inducing flowering decreased staminate flower number and increased pistillate flower number. Additionally, the promotive effect of GA3 concentration on plant growth and flowering attributes was accompanied by increased yield and its components. The results clearly showed that the foliar application of 10µg/ml GA proved to be the best choice for growing cucumber in terms of growth and yield attributes.

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