Design of Electrochemically Effective Double-Layered Cation Exchange Membranes for Saline Water Electrolysis

Saline water electrolysis (SWE) is an electrochemical process to simultaneously produce hydrogen (H2), chlorine (Cl2), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with high purity levels (e.g., 99.999%) by applying electric power to saline water. The state-of-the art SWE membrane, Flemion®, has excellent chemical resistance to harsh SWE conditions, but still needs to lower its energy consumption by reducing its ohmic resistance to Na+ ion transport. Meanwhile, most of cation exchange membranes (CEMs) have been suffering from chemical degradation under the alkaline conditions, owing to their single layer matrices composed of sulfonic acid moieties, though they show fast Na+ ion transport behavior. Here double-layered SWE membranes were prepared on the basis of design strategies composed of the incorporation of a chemically stable carboxylic acid layer (C layer) via UV irradiation onto one surface of perfluorinated Nafion®212 membrane chosen as one of commercially available CEMs, and the thickness control of the C layer. The resulting membranes showed excellent SWE performances and improved electrochemical service life, when compared with those of Nafion®212 and Flemion®, respectively.

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Saline water electrolysis system with double-layered cation exchange membrane for low-energy consumption and its application for CO2 mineralization

Journal of CO2 Utilization ◽

10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 101269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ji Hyun Lee ◽

In Kee Park ◽

Denis Duchesne ◽

Lisa Chen ◽

Chang Hyun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Saline Water ◽

Water Electrolysis ◽

Low Energy ◽

Cation Exchange Membrane ◽

Low Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Mineralization ◽

Exchange Membrane ◽

Electrolysis System

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Design strategies for 157-nm single-layer photoresists: lithographic evaluation of a poly(α -trifluoromethyl vinyl alcohol) copolymer

10.1117/12.388297 ◽

2000 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Dirk Schmaljohann ◽

Young C. Bae ◽

Gina L. Weibel ◽

Alyssandrea H. Hamad ◽

Christopher K. Ober

Keyword(s):

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Single Layer ◽

Design Strategies

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Adsorption of strontium on different sodium-enriched bentonites

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc161010008m ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 449-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sanja Marinovic ◽

Marija Ajdukovic ◽

Natasa Jovic-Jovicic ◽

Tihana Mudrinic ◽

Bojana Nedic-Vasiljevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Textural Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Order Model ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Alkaline Conditions ◽

Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Ph Range

Bentonites from three different deposits (Wyoming, TX, USA and Bogovina, Serbia) with similar cation exchange capacities were sodium enriched and tested as adsorbents for Sr2+ in aqueous solutions. X-Ray diffraction analysis confirmed successful Na-exchange. The textural properties of the bentonite samples were determined using low-temperature the nitrogen physisorption method. Significant differences in the textural properties between the different sodium enriched bentonites were found. Adsorption was investigated with respect to adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and the initial concentration of Sr2+. The adsorption capacity increased with pH. In the pH range from 4.0?8.5, the amount of adsorbed Sr2+ was almost constant but 2?3 times smaller than at pH ?11. Further experiments were performed at the unadjusted pH since extreme alkaline conditions are environmentally hostile and inapplicable in real systems. The adsorption capacity of all the investigated adsorbents toward Sr2+ was similar under the investigated conditions, regardless of significant differences in the specific surface areas. It was shown and confirmed by the Dubinin?Radushkevich model that the cation exchange mechanism was the dominant mechanism of Sr2+ adsorption. Their developed microporous structures contributed to the Sr2+ adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order model. The isotherm data were best fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model.

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Ion transport resistance in Microbial Electrolysis Cells with anion and cation exchange membranes

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (9) ◽

pp. 3612-3620 ◽

Cited By ~ 163

Author(s):

Tom H.J.A. Sleutels ◽

Hubertus V.M. Hamelers ◽

René A. Rozendal ◽

Cees J.N. Buisman

Keyword(s):

Ion Transport ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Microbial Electrolysis Cells ◽

Electrolysis Cells ◽

Microbial Electrolysis

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Aging of Polyphenylene Sulfide-Glass Composite and Polysulfone in Highly Oxidative and Strong Alkaline Environments

Frontiers in Materials ◽

10.3389/fmats.2020.610440 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

X. X. Zheng ◽

A. J. Böttger ◽

K. M. B. Jansen ◽

J. van Turnhout ◽

J. van Kranendonk

Keyword(s):

Glass Fibers ◽

Water Electrolysis ◽

Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Degradation ◽

Pure Oxygen ◽

Creep Recovery ◽

Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽

Alkaline Environments ◽

Alkaline Electrolysis

Alkaline water electrolysis becomes increasingly important for the supply of renewable energy, and of raw material for the chemical industry. An attractive choice for the encapsulation of the electrolyte cell is an (advanced) engineering polymer. The objective of this paper is to find a suitable one that can withstand for many years: 30 wt% KOH solution and pure oxygen at a high pressure of 50 bar and at an elevated temperature of 90°C. Using CES EduPack, 12 possible thermoplastic polymers were selected, of which polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polysulfone (PSU) were further investigated using accelerated testing. The polymers have been exposed to three KOH concentrations (15, 30 and 45 wt%), two oxygen pressures (pure O2 at 5 bar and air with pO2 = 20%), and three temperatures (90°C, 120°C, and 170°C). Extensive characterization of the exposed samples has been carried out using various techniques, including weight, tensile, DMA, and creep-recovery measurements, as well as DSC, FTIR, XRD and SEM. After 12 weeks of aging, glass fiber reinforced PPS failed in a strong alkaline solution at high temperatures, due to the dissolution of the glass fibers. The PPS matrix itself and PSU turned out to be resistant to thermo-oxidative and chemical degradation under the conditions tested. Only marginal changes in mechanical, visco-elastic and thermal behavior were observed, which can be ascribed to physical rather than chemical aging. In view of the brittle nature of PPS, it could be concluded that PSU is the most promising candidate for the long-term application in alkaline electrolysis. Extrapolating the data using time-temperature superposition, it is predicted that PSU will retain its integrity and mechanical properties for a period of 20 years of operation.

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