scholarly journals The Supervision of Dough Fermentation Using Image Analysis Complemented by a Continuous Discrete Extended Kalman Filter

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1669
Author(s):  
Olivier Paquet-Durand ◽  
Viktoria Zettel ◽  
Abdolrahim Yousefi-Darani ◽  
Bernd Hitzmann

Dough fermentation is an important step during the preparation of fermented baking goods. For the supervision of dough fermentation, a continuous-discrete extended Kalman filter was applied, which uses an image analysis system as the measurement. By estimation a fixed number of gas bubbles inside the dough, the radius of an average bubble was determined. A mathematical dough model was used by the extended Kalman filter to estimate the radius of the average bubble, the CO2 concentration of the non-gas dough phase and the number of CO2 molecules in the average bubble. During a fermentation of 50 min, the extended Kalman filter estimated that the average radius increased from 50 µm to 127 µm, the CO2 concentration in the non-gas dough increased to 23 mol/m³, and the CO2 amount in the bubble increased from 0.1 × 10−10 to 4 × 10−10 mol. Also, the specific CO2 production rate was estimated to be in the range from 1.5 × 10−3 to more than 4 × 10−3 mol·m³/kg/s. The advantages of an extended Kalman filter for the supervision of the dough fermentation process are discussed.

Author(s):  
D.S. DeMiglio

Much progress has been made in recent years towards the development of closed-loop foundry sand reclamation systems. However, virtually all work to date has determined the effectiveness of these systems to remove surface clay and metal oxide scales by a qualitative inspection of a representative sampling of sand particles. In this investigation, particles from a series of foundry sands were sized and chemically classified by a Lemont image analysis system (which was interfaced with an SEM and an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer) in order to statistically document the effectiveness of a reclamation system developed by The Pangborn Company - a subsidiary of SOHIO.The following samples were submitted: unreclaimed sand; calcined sand; calcined & mechanically scrubbed sand and unused sand. Prior to analysis, each sample was sprinkled onto a carbon mount and coated with an evaporated film of carbon. A backscattered electron photomicrograph of a field of scale-covered particles is shown in Figure 1. Due to a large atomic number difference between sand particles and the carbon mount, the backscattered electron signal was used for image analysis since it had a uniform contrast over the shape of each particle.


2020 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Trine Aabo Andersen

A new fast measuring method for process optimization of sucrose crystallization using image analysis based on high quality images and algorithms is introduced. With the mobile, non-invasive at-line system all steps of the sucrose crystallization can be measured to determine the crystal size distribution. The image analysis system is easy to operate and is as well an efficient laboratory solution with user-friendly and customized software. In comparison to sieve analysis, image analyses performed with the ParticleTech Solution have been proven to be reliable.


1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-hong Li ◽  
J. J. Ganczarczyk

Abstract The computerized image analysis system has been successfully used for determination and statistical processing of the following geometric characteristics of activated sludge flocs: longest dimension, breadth, equivalent diameter, cross-sectional area, perimeter, elongation, and circularity. These parameters could be effectively and precisely determined by the system applied. In addition, the studied method, as compared to direct microscope observation and photography floc-sizing methods, was found to be more accurate, less time-consuming, and less dependent on the investigators.


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