Tile drainage monitoring in agricultural fields with an unmanned aerial system

In Russia, the volume of restoration and maintenance work of drainage reclamation systems has significantly decreased, the number of trained reclamation specialists has decreased, most of the objects need reconstruction, and the documentation and schemes of pipes and channels of drainage systems have been lost. Accordingly, the development of agricultural drainage reclamation will require large amounts of financial and labor costs. The aim of the work is to present an alternative approach to assessing the status of these systems for making management decisions using an unmanned aerial system (UAS), which allows you to quickly obtain high quality aerial photographs (2-7 cm/pixel) of an agricultural area up to 50 hectares in one flight. In addition to the unmanned aerial vehicle, the UAS also includes an onboard complex, a payload and a ground control station. The flight group carries out all stages of data acquisition and preprocessing in an automated mode using specialized software. In the course of the experimental studies, the main elements of the considered approach to monitoring drainage systems are highlighted: the period of aerial photography, determination of the pipes and canals schemes, determination of waterlogging zones on agricultural areas and breakdowns of a reclamation system, monitoring in dynamics. As a result, when solving the problem of monitoring drainage reclamation systems, the use of UAS seems to be a relevant and promising approach, which makes it possible to assess the object status promptly.

State support of AIC technical modernization

The article examines the features of state support for technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex of the Samara region. The main activities, financed from the federal and regional budgets, aimed at the development of technical equipment for the agro-industrial complex, have been identified. The purpose of the study is to assess the existing system of state support for the renewal of agricultural machinery in the agro-industrial complex of the Samara region. It is necessary to solve the following tasks: - to analyze the state of the agro-industrial complex technical equipment in the Samara region; - to evaluate the support system for the agricultural machinery park modernization in the Samara region; - to identify the shortcomings of the state support existing system for the new equipment acquisition. The current trends in improving state support for the agro-industrial complex show that the authorities of the country and the region have come to understand the problem importance. The subsidies amount is constantly increasing, new areas of support appear. The state support new direction is developing - the modernization of the land reclamation system. The Spassky irrigation system restoration is the most important reserve for increasing agricultural production.

Resource-saving Technologies and Some Proposals for the Creation of Automated Reclamation Systems

The results of experimental studies of the local subsurface irrigation method in comparison with drip irrigation carried out in the laboratory, which showed water savings due to a decrease in evaporation from the soil surface by 10–15 percent are presented. The method of irrigation in closed greenhouse farms using water with a high salt content is described. The paper proposes new patented schematic solutions for protecting plants from frost and pests, describes a multifunctional engineering and reclamation system capable of performing various operations depending on the emerging problems during the growing season.

About the repair of closed tubular drainage of the land reclamation section of an agricultural field in the Pskov region

On the lands of the Trigorskoye farm, in September 2020, an offsite seminar was held by the section of reclamation of agricultural lands of the Scientific Council of the Agrophysical Research Institute. The seminar participants included more than 30 specialists in the field of agricultural reclamation. The work on cleaning the tubular collector from the flow regulator well with the Poseidon installation with a jet flushing nozzle was demonstrated. The results of the removal of sludge from the tubular collector were verified by the method of excavation and extraction of pipes from the drainage line. Experts of the Agrophysical Research Institute, using an unmanned aerial vehicle, surveyed a section of the drainage reclamation system in order to determine the locations of faults in the closed tubular drainage. The results of the studies obtained will be used by the design and operating organizations of the Pskov region in the development of new technologies for restoring the operation of the drainage pipe drainage with its expired guaranteed service life.

FEATURES OF RESEARCH, DESIGN AND OPERATION OF HYDROMELIORATIVE SYSTEMS IN THE AREA OF INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

The features of the survey, design and operation of irrigation and drainage systems in the area of the international airport «Zhukovsky» located in the Moscow region, Russia. Design surveys included an ornithological survey of the reclaimed area. Bird species, nesting sites and the number of nests were identified. The number of nests before reclamation averaged 200 ± 1.5 (mean ± standard error). Hydro reclamation in the airport area eliminated local swamping areas and nesting areas disappeared. Draining was carried out by open drains. The distance between the open drains is 120 m, the length is from 700 to 1200 m. There are no capital irrigation and drainage facilities. On the polder site the project provides for open drains and drains. The state of the land reclamation system has been deteriorating since 2001. Periodic waterlogging of a part of the polder area and the formation of a nesting area for black-headed gulls are noted. Airbus A321 aircraft fl y over the chicks while feeding at an altitude of 231.5 m, the size of which in the eyes of the chicks is comparable to the size of the parent gulls.

NUMERICAL COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE OPERATION OF CULVERTS OF A HYDRO-RECLAMATION SYSTEM

The aim of this research was to study the operating modes of water-passing structures that are part of the irrigation and drainage system using numerical computer modeling in the HEC-RAS environment. The paper describes the main stages of processing the source data, preparing a model, performing modeling and analyzing the results. The problem of the program description of the rules for managing a water-passing structure – a controlled gate located on a trapezoidal channel and performing the function of regulating water levels is investigated. The created rules for the operation of the structure imply a change in the position of the gate depending on the water levels in the upper and lower reaches, which ensures regulation. For the resulting model of a channel with a controlled gate, calculations were carried out for a non-steady fl ow of water, the response of the structure to a change in the fl ow rate of water was investigated, and the obtained values of water levels in the upper and lower reaches was analyzed. Based on the simulation results, conclusions were drawn about the applicability of this research method for solving problems related to the optimization of operating modes of irrigation and drainage systems.

Drainage runoff potential assessment in Russia for humidification purposes with drainage-watering application systems

Purpose: to assess the drainage runoff potential in Russia for humidification purposes using drainage-watering systems. Materials and methods. The informational basis of the research was made up of information received from federal state budgetary institutions on land reclamation and agricultural water supply, in the context of the diverted drainage runoff volume from drainage, drainage-watering and drainage-irrigation systems of double soil water regime control as well as data from annual monitoring. The following software products Microsoft Excel, ArcGIS, MathCAD were used to process the data on drainage runoff indicators. General scientific methods were used to analyze the data obtained on drainage runoff volume and graphic material. Results. When quantifying the drainage runoff volume and its mineralization, complications associated with a shortage, and in some cases with a lack of data on drainage runoff from reclamation systems arose. Based on the data received, 22 regions with operating drainage reclamation systems were identified. For each reclamation system, the drainage runoff volume and the total area of drained lands were determined. The regions with the largest, sufficient and insignificant volumes runoff have been identified. For some regions, data on the salinity of the drainage runoff were obtained and analyzed. Conclusions. As a result of analysis it was revealed that almost 50 % of the territories served by drainage systems can be moistened with drainage runoff in full volume of all serviced areas with accumulation in regulating tanks; in the rest of the regions additional water withdrawal from the water source is required. Indicators of drainage runoff salinity are 0.22–1.60 g/l, in some systems they reach 2.1–4.7 g/l, which indicates the possibility of using agricultural crops in irrigation on various types of soils and for fish farming.

Land reclamation as a branch of science

Purpose: to present land reclamation as a branch of science. Methods: the classification structure and the main idea of the scientific discipline based on the analysis of scientific publications are substantiated. Results. The subject (agricultural land or land intended for involvement in agricultural circulation), the object (hierarchical reclamation system) and the main research method (systematic approach) of the scientific discipline have been specified. Its structure is represented by the classification of types and kinds of land reclamation, and the main idea is an organized diagram of relationships between methodology, main scientific problems (new generation reclamation systems, perfect reclamation systems, general theory of reclamation systems), management of all types of reclamation systems based on information technologies created with the help of GIS technologies, as well as improvement of reclamation systems. Improvement is carried out with the help of a recreated network of reclamation systems – analogues, developing technologies and means of operation, repair, construction and reconstruction of hydro reclamation and agroforestry reclamation systems, as well as systems of other types or kinds of land reclamation and recultivation. After research, analysis and verification of the data obtained, the regulatory basis governing land reclamation is replenished and updated. The fund of the regulatory basis is made up of informative documents on hydro-reclamation, agroforestry reclamation, agro-reclamation, cultural, technical and chemical reclamation of agricultural lands. Conclusions. The object, subject and main research method of the scientific branch “Land reclamation” have been specified. The structure of this branch of science is represented by the classification of the main types and kinds of land reclamation. The main idea of the discipline lies in the hierarchy of relations of methodology, basic scientific problems, issues of management of land reclamation systems and their improvement.