scholarly journals Silicomanganese and Ferromanganese Slags Treated with Concentrated Solar Energy

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernández-González ◽  
Juan Piñuela-Noval ◽  
Luis Felipe Verdeja
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Metallurgical Processes ◽  
By Products ◽  
Temperature Applications

Solar energy when properly concentrated offers a great potential in high temperature applications as those required in metallurgical processes. Even when concentrated solar energy cannot compete with conventional metallurgical processes, it could find application in the treatment of wastes from these processes. These by-products are characterized by their high metallic contents, which make them interesting as they could be a raw material available in the own factory. Slags are one of these by-products. Slags are most of them disposed in controlled landfill with environmental impact, but also with economic impact associated to the storing costs and the metallic losses. Here we propose the treatment of ferromanganese and silicomanganese slags with concentrated solar energy with the purpose of evaluating the recovery of manganese from these slags.

Rapid High Temperature Solar Thermal Biomass Gasification in a Prototype Cavity Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lichty ◽  
Christopher Perkins ◽  
Bryan Woodruff ◽  
Carl Bingham ◽  
Alan Weimer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Product Stream ◽  
Tar Reduction ◽  
Composition Ratios

High temperature biomass gasification has been performed in a prototype concentrated solar reactor. Gasification of biomass at high temperatures has many advantages compared with historical methods of producing fuels. Enhancements in overall conversion, product composition ratios, and tar reduction are achievable at temperatures greater than 1000°C. Furthermore, the utilization of concentrated solar energy to drive these reactions eliminates the need to consume a portion of the product stream for heating and some of the solar energy is stored as chemical energy in the product stream. Experiments to determine the effects of temperature, gas flow rate, and feed type were conducted at the high flux solar furnace at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO. These experiments were conducted in a reflective cavity multitube prototype reactor. Biomass type was found to be the only significant factor within a 95% confidence interval. Biomass conversion as high as 68% was achieved on sun. Construction and design considerations of the prototype reactor are discussed as well as initial performance results.

scholarly journals Metal Oxides Applied to Thermochemical Water-Splitting for Hydrogen Production Using Concentrated Solar Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABANADES
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Conversion Rates

Solar thermochemical processes have the potential to efficiently convert high-temperature solar heat into storable and transportable chemical fuels such as hydrogen. In such processes, the thermal energy required for the endothermic reaction is supplied by concentrated solar energy and the hydrogen production routes differ as a function of the feedstock resource. While hydrogen production should still rely on carbonaceous feedstocks in a transition period, thermochemical water-splitting using metal oxide redox reactions is considered to date as one of the most attractive methods in the long-term to produce renewable H2 for direct use in fuel cells or further conversion to synthetic liquid hydrocarbon fuels. The two-step redox cycles generally consist of the endothermic solar thermal reduction of a metal oxide releasing oxygen with concentrated solar energy used as the high-temperature heat source for providing reaction enthalpy; and the exothermic oxidation of the reduced oxide with H2O to generate H2. This approach requires the development of redox-active and thermally-stable oxide materials able to split water with both high fuel productivities and chemical conversion rates. The main relevant two-step metal oxide systems are commonly based on volatile (ZnO/Zn, SnO2/SnO) and non-volatile redox pairs (Fe3O4/FeO, ferrites, CeO2/CeO2−, perovskites). These promising hydrogen production cycles are described by providing an overview of the best performing redox systems, with special focus on their capabilities to produce solar hydrogen with high yields, rapid reaction rates, and thermochemical performance stability, and on the solar reactor technologies developed to operate the solid–gas reaction systems.

scholarly journals Iron Metallurgy via Concentrated Solar Energy

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernández-González ◽  
Janusz Prazuch ◽  
Íñigo Ruiz-Bustinza ◽  
Carmen González-Gasca ◽  
Juan Piñuela-Noval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Coke Breeze ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy

Environmental protection is deeply rooted in current societies. In this context, searching for new environmentally friendly energy sources is one of the objectives of industrial policies in general, and of the metallurgical industries in particular. One of these energy sources is solar energy, which offers a great potential in high temperature applications, such as those required in metallurgy processes, when properly concentrated. In this paper, we propose the utilization of concentrated solar energy in ironmaking. We have studied the utilization of concentrated solar thermal in the agglomeration of iron ore mixtures and in the obtaining of iron via reduction with carbon (and coke breeze). The results from the experiments show the typical phases of the iron ore sinters and the presence of iron through smelting reduction.

Full Spectrum Collection of Concentrated Solar Energy Using PV Coupled with Selective Filtration Utilizing Nanoparticles

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 2935-2940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Otanicar ◽  
Drew DeJarnette ◽  
Nick Brekke ◽  
Ebrima Tunkara ◽  
Ken Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Total System ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Pass Through

ABSTRACTHybrid solar receivers utilizing both photovoltaic cells and thermal collectors are capable of collecting the entire solar spectrum for use in energy systems. Such systems provide efficient solar energy conversion using PV in addition to dispatchability through thermal storage by incorporating a thermal collector in conjunction with the PV. Proposed hybrid systems typically invoke spectrum splitting so to redirect photons optimized for PV electric conversion to a cell while non-PV efficient photons are directed to a thermal absorber. This work discusses a hybrid system with a selective solar filter using a suspended nanoparticle fluid to directly absorb non-PV photons. Non-absorbed photons pass through the filter and impact the PV. Choice of nanoparticles in the fluid allow absorption and transmission of specific wavelengths. Nanoparticles were chosen based on optimization simulations for a bandpass filter to a cSi solar cell. The synthesized fluid has been experimentally characterized to show the effects of high temperature on nanoparticle stability and optical properties. Thermodynamic modeling of the system suggests solar to electric efficiency of the total system is 23.2% if all thermal energy is converted to electricity through an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). However, high temperature generation could be used for industrial process heat at a specific temperature by changing parameters such as absorbed energy and flow rates. Furthermore, a prototype is being developed with 14x concentration to demonstrate the technology on-sun with initial testing targeted for the 2nd quarter of 2016. Overall, the hybrid nanoparticle filter concentrating solar collector can be modified to fit a variety of applications through easily changeable parameters in the system.

Concentrated Solar Energy to Study High Temperature Materials for Space and Energy

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Charpentier ◽  
Kamel Dawi ◽  
Julien Eck ◽  
Baptiste Pierrat ◽  
Jean-Louis Sans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Solar Absorbers ◽  
Solar Probe Plus ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this paper, the concentrated solar energy is used as a source of high temperatures to study the physical and chemical behaviors and intrinsic properties of refractory materials. The atmospheres surrounding the materials have to be simulated in experimental reactors to characterize the materials in real environments. Several application fields are concerned such as the aerospace and the energy fields: examples of results will be given for the heat shield of the Solar Probe Plus mission (NASA) for the SiC/SiC material that can be used as cladding materials for next nuclear reactor (gas-cooled fast reactor—GFR, Generation IV) and for new advanced materials for solar absorbers in concentration solar power (CSP) plant. Two different facilities—REHPTS and MEDIASE—implemented at the focus of two different solar furnaces of the PROMES-CNRS laboratory—5 kW and 1 MW—are presented together with some experimental results on the behavior of high temperature materials.

Rapid High Temperature Solar Thermal Biomass Gasification in a Prototype Cavity Reactor

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lichty ◽  
Christopher Perkins ◽  
Bryan Woodruff ◽  
Carl Bingham ◽  
Alan Weimer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Product Stream ◽  
Tar Reduction ◽  
Composition Ratios

High temperature biomass gasification has been performed in a prototype concentrated solar reactor. Gasification of biomass at high temperatures has many advantages compared to historical methods of producing fuels. Enhancements in overall conversion, product composition ratios, and tar reduction are achievable at temperatures greater than 1000°C. Furthermore, the utilization of concentrated solar energy to drive these reactions eliminates the need to consume a portion of the product stream for heating and some of the solar energy is stored as chemical energy in the product stream. Experiments to determine the effects of temperature, gas flow rate, and feed type were conducted at the High Flux Solar Furnace (HFSF) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). These experiments were conducted in a reflective cavity multi-tube prototype reactor. Biomass type was found to be the only significant factor within a 95% confidence interval. Biomass conversion as high as 68% was achieved on sun. Construction and design considerations of the prototype reactor are discussed as well as initial performance results.

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