When the River Began—The Formation of River Motala Ström and Human Presence in the Early Holocene, Sweden

In conjunction with the extensive archaeological projects conducted at the current outlet of Sweden’s second largest lake, Lake Vättern, macrofossil, pollen and diatom records have been studied from 14C-dated lake and river sediments from River Motala Ström in Motala and Lake Boren. These investigations have revealed sedimentary evidence of the Yoldia Sea regression, the Ancient Lake Vättern transgression, and the following stepwise river formation process. Around 9000 cal BC, two small kettlehole basins at Strandvägen and Kanaljorden became isolated from the Baltic basin. As the ice sheet retreated further north, the isostatic uplift isolated the Vättern basin from the Baltic basin. Due to the uneven isostatic uplift, the basin tilted toward the south, and the Ancient Lake Vättern transgression started in Motala. The threshold in Motala at 92.5 m a.s.l. was reached around 7200 cal BC, and River Motala Ström was formed. 14C-dated diatom records from Lake Boren, and shoreline deposits in Motala, confirm this event. The water level in Lake Vättern initially fell around 1.5 m, and around 5800 cal BC, a second erosional event cut down the threshold to modern day level. At this time, the Late Mesolithic settlements in Motala were established and expanded.

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Shoreline displacement and human resource utilization in the southern Baltic Basin coastal zone during the early Holocene: New insights from a submerged Mesolithic landscape in south-eastern Sweden

The Holocene ◽

10.1177/0959683617744262 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 721-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Anton Hansson ◽

Svante Björck ◽

Katja Heger ◽

Sofia Holmgren ◽

Hans Linderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rooted Tree ◽

Local Environment ◽

Water Levels ◽

Baltic Basin ◽

South Eastern ◽

Coastal Landscapes ◽

Shoreline Displacement ◽

Southern Baltic ◽

The Baltic ◽

Yoldia Sea

Along parts of the Hanö Bay coast in south-eastern Sweden, remains of a submerged landscape can be found down to depths of almost 25 m b.s.l. The coastal landscape was formed during two periods of lowered water levels in the Baltic Basin: the Yoldia Sea and the Initial Littorina Sea stages. In order to reconstruct the local environment and shoreline displacement during the Yoldia Sea and Ancylus Lake stages, sediment sequences were obtained at 4.5, 17.5 and 18.7 m b.s.l. Detailed bathymetric mapping was based on multi-beam echo-sounding while surveillance and sampling of tree remains and archaeological findings were performed through diving. The Yoldia Sea low-stand reached its minimum level at 24–25 m b.s.l. just before 10,800 cal. BP. During the subsequent Ancylus transgression, a slow-flowing river passed through the area, accumulating thick deposits of fine-grained organic sediments in lagoonal basins. The river was surrounded by open woodland dominated by pine. Based on successive flooding of rooted tree stumps, the transgression rate was estimated at 4 cm·yr−1, until the Ancylus high-stand was reached at 5 m b.s.l. at 10,400–10,300 cal. BP. Findings of worked aurochs and beaver bones provide evidence of human presence in the landscape and show the importance of terrestrial resources for their subsistence. These integrated palaeoecological and archaeological investigations demonstrate the importance of submerged landscapes with well-preserved sediment, wood and bone material for our understanding of southern Baltic coastal landscapes and their inhabitants during the Early Mesolithic.

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Early Holocene regressive spit-platform and nearshore sedimentation on a glaciofluvial complex during the Yoldia Sea and the Ancylus Lake phases of the Baltic Basin, SW Finland

Sedimentary Geology ◽

10.1016/s0037-0738(02)00240-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 158 (1-2) ◽

pp. 25-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Joni Mäkinen ◽

Matti Räsänen

Keyword(s):

Early Holocene ◽

Baltic Basin ◽

The Baltic ◽

Yoldia Sea ◽

Ancylus Lake

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Clay‐varve chronology and clay deposition in the central part of the Baltic basin at the Baltic Ice Lake‐Yoldia Sea transition

GFF ◽

10.1080/11035899609546369 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 118 (sup004) ◽

pp. 75-75

Author(s):

L. Brunnberg

Keyword(s):

Baltic Basin ◽

Varve Chronology ◽

The Baltic ◽

Yoldia Sea

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Analysis of the Water Level Variation in the Polish Part of the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic Sea) and Estimation of Water Inflow and Outflow Transport through the Strait of Baltiysk in the Years 2008–2017

Water ◽

10.3390/w13101328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1328

Author(s):

Michał Szydłowski ◽

Wojciech Artichowicz ◽

Piotr Zima

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Numerical Model ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Water Level ◽

Vistula Lagoon ◽

Level Variation ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Water Level Variation ◽

The Baltic ◽

The Vistula Lagoon

The Vistula Lagoon is located in both Poland and Russia along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. It is connected to the Baltic Sea in the Russian part by the Strait of Baltiysk. The purpose of the paper is to identify the dominant factors underlying the water level variation mechanism at Tolkmicko in the Vistula Lagoon, revealed by a statistical analysis of the measured data and a discussion on the inflow and outflow transport variation through the strait, estimated by numerical modeling. Seawater transport is exceptionally valuable in terms of the hydrological water balance in the lagoon. Historical research on the hydrology of the lagoon shows that the water exchange in the lagoon is quite complex due to the presence of several different sources of water balance, such as seawater inflow, river inflow, groundwater inflow, precipitation, and evaporation. Unfortunately, there are no current data on seawater inflow and outflow through the Strait of Baltiysk due to the lack of continuous flow measurements in the strait. A novelty of the current work is an in-depth statistical analysis of the water level variation in the Polish part of the lagoon over a long time period and an estimation of water transport through the Strait of Baltiysk by use of a numerical model. The model reproduces well the water level variation responding to variations in the sea level outside the lagoon and the wind action over the lagoon. The years 2008–2017 were chosen as the analysis period. A two-dimensional free surface shallow water numerical model of the lagoon was adapted to simulate the water level variation in view of the wind over the lagoon and the sea level variation at one open boundary. Finally, it was concluded that the water level variation on the Polish side of the Vistula Lagoon is dominated by two factors: the water level in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the wind over the lagoon. The average annual marine water inflow into the Vistula Lagoon was estimated to be equal to 15.87 km3.

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Satellite altimetry of large lakes of the Baltic Basin

2014 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC) ◽

10.1109/baltic.2014.6887880 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

S. A. Lebedev ◽

Yu. I. Troitskaya ◽

G. V. Rybushkina ◽

M. N. Dobrovolsky

Keyword(s):

Satellite Altimetry ◽

Baltic Basin ◽

Large Lakes ◽

The Baltic

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Reconstructing the Younger Dryas ice dammed lake in the Baltic Basin: Bathymetry, area and volume

Global and Planetary Change ◽

10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 57 (3-4) ◽

pp. 355-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Martin Jakobsson ◽

Svante Björck ◽

Göran Alm ◽

Thomas Andrén ◽

Greger Lindeberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Younger Dryas ◽

Baltic Basin ◽

Dammed Lake ◽

The Baltic ◽

Area And Volume

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Controlling Shipping Along the North European Trade Axis

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463300022396 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 553-556

Author(s):

D. J. Lindsay

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

North Coast ◽

Baltic Basin ◽

Long Distance ◽

The North ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Straight Line ◽

European Trade ◽

Trade Route ◽

The Baltic

By the North European Trade Axis is meant the trade route from Ushant and Land's End, up the English Channel, through the Dover Strait fanning out to serve eastern England, the north coast of continental Europe and leading to the Baltic Basin. Recent events in this area have left a feeling that some form of tightening of control is not only desirable, but is rapidly becoming imperative. There is a basic conflict between the two forms of shipping using the area: the local users who use the area more or less constantly, and the long-distance traders, usually much larger, which arrive in the area for a brief stay after a prolonged period at sea, which has usually been in good weather conditions. Frequently these latter ships have a very poor notion of the hornet's nest into which they are steaming when they arrive. The net result is all too often the same: the local users, with familiarity breeding contempt, wander about as they see fit, with scant regard for routing or the regulations; all too often the big ships arrive from sea with navigating staffs who are too confused, sometimes too ignorant—and sometimes too terrified—to do much more than blunder forward in a straight line hoping for the best. Quite obviously this is not a total picture, and there are large numbers of ships which navigate perfectly competently, but the minority of those which do not seem to be rising rapidly, and show every sign of continuing to increase.

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