Pray the White Way: Religious Expression in the NFL in Black and White

Athletes, particularly players in the National Football League, have repeatedly invoked God in order to glorify, praise, or even credit the divine with success on the field. This essay examines the ways in which different types of religious language used to bring God onto the gridiron are received and evaluated along racial lines. I seek to show that speech by athletes, in particular black football players, that communicates a God who is partisan and intervenes in action on the field is routinely dismissed by fellow players, the media, and religious authorities who favor a God who either intervenes softly and generally or is above the game altogether. I contend that a double standard is applied to this theological debate due to a disregard of historical African American theology and to hegemonic white evangelical norms that police such discourse.

Download Full-text

A comparison of hometown socioeconomics and demographics for black and white elite football players in the US

International Review for the Sociology of Sport ◽

10.1177/1012690216674936 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 615-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rachel Allison ◽

Adriene Davis ◽

Raymond Barranco

Keyword(s):

National Football League ◽

Census Data ◽

American Football ◽

Football Players ◽

Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽

Demographic Profiles ◽

Black And White ◽

The Us ◽

Sports Programming ◽

Us Census

Despite widespread perceptions of elite US sport as meritocratic, there is little empirical research on the social origins of those who play college and professional sports in the US or how these vary by race. We use the case of American football, linking Entertainment and Sports Programming Network’s national recruit rankings data on incoming college football players from 2007–2016 ( N=929) with 2000 US Census data. Our study compares hometown socioeconomic and demographic indicators for black and white college athletes and then for those drafted into the National Football League. Findings show that the socioeconomic and demographic profiles of the hometowns producing elite football athletes vary by both athlete race and draft status. Black draftees come from denser, more socioeconomically disadvantaged and blacker hometowns than black non-drafted athletes, while white draftees come from less socioeconomically disadvantaged hometowns than white non-drafted athletes.

Download Full-text

A New Defect in Polyethylene Single Crystals

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100070795 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 70-71

Author(s):

E. L. Thomas ◽

S. L. Sass

Keyword(s):

Single Crystals ◽

Screw Dislocation ◽

Small Distance ◽

Dipole Model ◽

Dislocation Dipole ◽

Chain Folding ◽

Black And White ◽

Polymer Crystal ◽

Different Types

In polyethylene single crystals pairs of black and white lines spaced 700-3,000Å apart, parallel to the [100] and [010] directions, have been identified as microsector boundaries. A microsector is formed when the plane of chain folding changes over a small distance within a polymer crystal. In order for the different types of folds to accommodate at the boundary between the 2 fold domains, a staggering along the chain direction and a rotation of the chains in the plane of the boundary occurs. The black-white contrast from a microsector boundary can be explained in terms of these chain rotations. We demonstrate that microsectors can terminate within the crystal and interpret the observed terminal strain contrast in terms of a screw dislocation dipole model.

Download Full-text

Isolation and Diagnosis of Fungi from Samples of Spices in the City of Nasiriya

10.32792/utq/utjsci/vo7/2/2 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-9

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Local Markets ◽

White Pepper ◽

Black And White ◽

Different Types ◽

Potential Risks ◽

The City ◽

Isolated Species

Examination of (35) samples of spices obtained from local markets for the purposes of isolating and diagnosing fungi growing on them. Anine isolates belonging to 13 different types of fungi were diagnosed by the standard dilution method with three replications, and it has been observed that the most samples from which the fungi were isolated is ginger. It was found that the most isolated species of fungi are Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Rizupes spp. A rare colony of fungi was observed, which indicates contamination of the spices under study with the fungus. The present study aims to identify the potential risks of the presence of fungi in spices and what may result from mycotoxins that may be the cause of many chronic diseases as a result of using these spices in large quantities. The study recommends limiting the use of contaminated spices, especially ginger, in preparing food and its uses, in addition to other types such as cloves, black and white pepper, and other types of spices found in the local markets, especially the expired ones.

Download Full-text

Restoration of two great auk (Pinguinus impennis) eggs: Bourman Labrey's egg and the Scarborough egg

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.2020.0663 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 392-401

Author(s):

T. R. Birkhead ◽

G. Axon ◽

J. R. Middleton

Keyword(s):

Black Light ◽

Private Collection ◽

Different Types ◽

The Media ◽

Media Reports ◽

Public Museums ◽

Private Collections ◽

Time Of Collection ◽

Extensive Damage

Most of the approximately 75 known eggs of the extinct great auk ( Pinguinus impennis) are in public museums, with a few in private collections. A small number of these eggs has sustained damage, either at the time of collection or subsequently, and two of these eggs are known to have been repaired. The two eggs suffered rather different types of damage and were subsequently restored using different techniques. The first, known as Bourman Labrey's egg, sustained extensive damage sometime prior to the 1840s, when the shell was broken into numerous pieces. This egg was repaired by William Yarrell in the 1840s, and when it was restored again in 2018, it was discovered that Yarrell's restoration had involved the use of an elaborate cardboard armature. This egg is currently in a private collection. The second egg, known as the Scarborough egg, bequeathed to the Scarborough Museum in 1877, was damaged (by unknown causes) and repaired, probably by the then curator at Scarborough, W. J. Clarke, in 1906. This egg was damaged when one or more pieces were broken adjacent to the blowhole at the narrow end (where there was some pre-existing damage). The media reports at the time exaggerated the extent of the damage, suggesting that the egg was broken almost in two. Possible reasons for this exaggeration are discussed. Recent examination using a black light and ultraviolet (UV) revealed that the eggshell had once borne the words, “a Penguin's Egg”, that were subsequently removed by scraping.

Download Full-text

The Role of Evaluative Tools in the Creation of the Memorial Media Portrait of Jacques Chirac (1932—2019)

Nauchnyy dialog ◽

10.24224/2227-1295-2020-9-97-110 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 97-110

Author(s):

E. N. Mikhailova ◽

V. A. Telegina

Keyword(s):

Print Media ◽

Political Elite ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Research Material ◽

Political Orientations ◽

Different Types ◽

The Media ◽

The Creation ◽

Entire Text

The article is devoted to the study of evaluative tools used in modern French media in order to form the media image of a representative of the political elite. The techniques used in the creation of a memorial media portrait of Jacques Chirac (1932—2019), President of France from 1995 to 2007 are considered. The research material was the most prestigious French print media of various political orientations, published in late September — early October 2019 in connection with the death of the ex-President of the French Republic. The relevance of the research topic is dictated by the close attention of modern linguistics to axiological phenomena, differently presented in different types of discursive practices. The novelty of the study is due to the appeal to the analysis of the complex of evaluation tools used in the French print media when characterizing the former leader of the state during the nation’s farewell period. The estimated potential of the title of the article and its influence on the formation of the estimated vector of the entire text of the publication are shown. A systematic analysis of the assessment expression means, reflected in the memorial media portrait of the politician, is given. The factors that influenced the peculiarities of their use in this type of media portrait are revealed.

Download Full-text

The participation of Palestinian-Israeli politicians in public and commercial television and radio in Israel as capability

International Communication Gazette ◽

10.1177/1748048521990565 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174804852199056

Author(s):

Baruch Shomron ◽

Amit Schejter

Keyword(s):

Capabilities Approach ◽

Media Representations ◽

Community Members ◽

Commercial Television ◽

Radio Stations ◽

Modes Of Representation ◽

Current Affairs ◽

Different Types ◽

The Media ◽

Insight Into

This study examines how media representations of Palestinian-Israeli politicians, can help community members realize their capabilities. The study’s database is comprised of 1,207 interviews conducted with Palestinian-Israeli politicians on news and current affairs programs on the three national television channels and the two national radio stations in Israel, for 24 months (2016-2017). We identified and analyzed the differences in the modes of representation between national and local Palestinian-Israeli politicians and between Palestinian-Israeli parliament members in the Joint List and Palestinian-Israeli parliament members in Zionist parties, all through the capabilities prism. In this study, we demonstrated how different types of Palestinian-Israeli politicians may potentially affect the realization of different political functions and capabilities. Analyzing political representations in the media through the theoretical framework of the ‘capabilities approach’ contributes to a more comprehensive insight into the roles the media can play promoting people’s wellbeing and human rights, relative to traditional media theories.

Download Full-text

Effect of Turf Toe on Foot Contact Pressures in Professional American Football Players

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.3113/fai-2009-0405 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 405-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Robert H. Brophy ◽

Seth C. Gamradt ◽

Scott J. Ellis ◽

Ronnie P. Barnes ◽

Scott A. Rodeo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

National Football League ◽

Peak Pressure ◽

American Football ◽

Football Players ◽

Plantar Pressures ◽

History Of ◽

Turf Toe ◽

The Relationship ◽

Contact Pressures

Background: The relationship between turf toe and plantar foot pressures has not been extensively studied. Two hypotheses were tested in a cohort of professional American football players: first, that a history of turf toe is associated with increased peak hallucal and first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) plantar pressures; second, that decreased range of motion (ROM) of the first MTP correlates with increased peak hallucal and first MTP plantar pressures. Materials and Methods: Forty-four athletes from one National Football League (NFL) team were screened for a history of turf toe during preseason training. Dorsal passive MTP ROM and dynamic plantar pressures were measured in both feet of each player. Anatomical masking was used to assess peak pressure at the first MTP and hallux. Results: First MTP dorsiflexion was significantly lower in halluces with a history of turf toe (40.6 ± 15.1 degrees versus 48.4 ± 12.8 degrees, p = 0.04). Peak hallucal pressures were higher in athletes with turf toe (535 ± 288 kPa versus 414 ± 202 kPa, p = 0.05) even after normalizing for athlete body mass index ( p = 0.0003). Peak MTP pressure was not significantly different between the two groups tested. First MTP dorsiflexion did not correlate with peak hallucal or first MTP pressures. Conclusion: This study showed that turf toe is associated with decreased MTP motion. In addition, increased peak hallucal pressures were found. Further study is warranted to determine whether these pressures correlate with the severity of symptoms or progression of turf toe to first MTP arthritis.

Download Full-text

Masks and racial stereotypes in a pandemic: the case for surgical masks

The Journal of Race Ethnicity and Politics ◽

10.1017/rep.2021.9 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Leah Christiani ◽

Christopher J. Clark ◽

Steven Greene ◽

Marc J. Hetherington ◽

Emily M. Wager

Keyword(s):

Black People ◽

Racial Bias ◽

White Male ◽

Elevated Risk ◽

Racial Stereotypes ◽

Black And White ◽

Surgical Masks ◽

Racial Resentment ◽

Different Types ◽

Male Model

Abstract To contain the spread of COVID-19, experts emphasize the importance of wearing masks. Unfortunately, this practice may put black people at elevated risk for being seen as potential threats by some Americans. In this study, we evaluate whether and how different types of masks affect perceptions of black and white male models. We find that non-black respondents perceive a black male model as more threatening and less trustworthy when he is wearing a bandana or a cloth mask than when he is not wearing his face covering—especially those respondents who score above average in racial resentment, a common measure of racial bias. When he is wearing a surgical mask, however, they do not perceive him as more threatening or less trustworthy. Further, it is not that non-black respondents find bandana and cloth masks problematic in general. In fact, the white model in our study is perceived more positively when he is wearing all types of face coverings. Although mandated mask wearing is an ostensibly race-neutral policy, our findings demonstrate the potential implications are not.

Download Full-text