Ultrasonographic Findings in Common Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders—Advantages of Real Time Observation by the Endocrinologist with their Own Ultrasound Machine

In this review we discuss the significance of the main ultrasonographic features of common thyroid and parathyroid conditions, with a focus on the advantages of real time observation. The thyroid specialist, defined as an endocrinologist with a major interest in thyroid disorders and access to a portable ultrasound machine, can correlate what they see with the thyroid blood test results and clinical findings in a way that is not available to the general endocrinologist who relies on the interpretation by the consultant radiologist of ultrasound images prepared by a technician. We also discuss the significance of the small, very bright, intra nodular microcalcifications found in benign colloid nodules, which we call “colloid spots” and the difference between these and the 3–4 mm soft microcalcifications that are 90% specific for papillary thyroid cancer and provide a new system for staging the inflammatory changes in Hashimoto thyroiditis, as observed on ultrasonography.

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In Situ and Real Time Investigation of Directional Solidification of Al - Ni Alloys by Synchrotron Imaging

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.75 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 508 ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guillaume Reinhart ◽

Henri Nguyen-Thi ◽

J. Gastaldi ◽

Bernard Billia ◽

Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Ni Alloys ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Major Interest ◽

Synchrotron Imaging ◽

Time Observation ◽

Real Time Observation ◽

Selection Of

Solidification is a dynamic phenomena and, as a consequence, it is of major interest to be able to investigate this process by in situ and real time observation. With synchrotron sources, this can be achieved by applying X-ray Imaging techniques (Radiography and Topography). Hence it is possible to follow the dynamical selection of solidification pattern on metallic alloys and to observe strain effects during growth process. In this paper, we present results obtained by using separately the two imaging techniques for the study of the microstructure formation during Al – Ni alloys solidification.

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Real-time observation of vortex lattices in a superconductor

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100151088 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 1050-1051

Author(s):

K. Harada ◽

T. Matsuda ◽

J.E. Bonevich ◽

M. Igarashi ◽

S. Kondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Flux Line ◽

Electron Holography ◽

Lorentz Microscopy ◽

Vortex Lattices ◽

Flux Lines ◽

Magnetic Flux Lines ◽

Time Observation ◽

Thin Superconductor ◽

Real Time Observation

Previous observations of magnetic flux-lines (vortex lattices) in superconductors, such as the field distribution of a flux-line, and flux-line dynamics activated by heat and current, have employed the high spatial resolution and magnetic sensitivity of electron holography. And recently, the 2-D static distribution of vortices was also observed by this technique. However, real-time observations of the vortex lattice, in spite of scientific and technological interest, have not been possible due to experimental difficulties. Here, we report the real-time observation of vortex lattices in a thin superconductor, by means of Lorentz microscopy using a 300 kV field emission electron microscope. This technique allows us to observe the dynamic motion of individual vortices and record the events on a VTR system.The experimental arrangement is shown in Fig. 1. A Nb thin film for transmission observation was prepared by chemical etching. The grain size of the film was increased by annealing, and single crystals were observed with a thickness of 50∼90 nm.

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