scholarly journals Geochemistry of Flood Waters from the Tar River, North Carolina Associated with Hurricane Matthew

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Humphrey ◽  
Guy Iverson ◽  
Caitlin Skibiel ◽  
Christa Sanderford ◽  
Jamil Blackmon
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Animal Feeding Operation ◽  
Hurricane Floyd ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
Eastern North Carolina ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Hurricane Matthew caused flooding in Eastern North Carolina that was categorized as a one in 500-year frequency event. Matthew was the second such event in less than 20 years, following Hurricane Floyd in 1999. The frequency of intense storms is projected to increase for many coastal areas, including North Carolina, because of climate change. The goal of this study was to gain a better insight into the geochemistry of flood waters associated with major flood events. Water samples (n = 22) from the Tar River in Greenville, North Carolina were collected over a two-week period after Matthew moved across the state. Results show that total Kjeldahl nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, phosphate, and Escherichia coli concentrations and exports were significantly (p < 0.05) higher when the river was above flood stage relative to below. Isotopic analyses of δ15N and δ18O in NO3 in flood waters suggest that wastewater, possibly from sanitary sewer and confined animal feeding operation overflows, was the major source of nitrate associated with flood waters. Regulatory efforts to reduce nutrient loading to coastal waters may be complicated by contributions associated with intense storm events, given that such storms are becoming more frequent.

scholarly journals The Relevance of Grated Inlets within Surface Drainage Systems in the Field of Urban Flood Resilience. A Review of Several Experimental and Numerical Simulation Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7189
Author(s):  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
Manuel Gómez Valentín ◽  
Jackson Tellez-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Surface Drainage ◽  
Intense Storm

Urban drainage networks should be designed and operated preferably under open channel flow conditions without flux return, backwater, or overflows. In the case of extreme storm events, urban pluvial flooding is generated by the excess of surface runoff that could not be conveyed by pressurized sewer pipes, due to its limited capacity or, many times, due to the poor efficiency of surface drainage systems to collect uncontrolled overland flow. Generally, the hydraulic design of sewer systems is addressed more for underground networks, neglecting the surface drainage system, although inadequate inlet spacings and locations can cause dangerous flooding with relevant socio-economic impacts and the interruption of critical services and urban activities. Several experimental and numerical studies carried out at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) and other research institutions demonstrated that the hydraulic efficiency of inlets can be very low under critical conditions (e.g., high circulating overland flow on steep areas). In these cases, the hydraulic efficiency of conventional grated inlets and continuous transverse elements can be around 10–20%. Their hydraulic capacity, expressed in terms of discharge coefficients, shows the same criticism with values quite far from those that are usually used in several project practice phases. The grate clogging phenomenon and more intense storm events produced by climate change could further reduce the inlets’ performance. In this context, in order to improve the flood urban resilience of our cities, the relevance of the hydraulic behavior of surface drainage systems is clear.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Strain Type Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Turkeys in Eastern North Carolina

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Gu ◽  
Robin M. Siletzky ◽  
Sandra Wright ◽  
Mohammed Islam ◽  
Sophia Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Eastern North Carolina ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Genomic Cluster ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Human Campylobacteriosis

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and recent findings suggest that turkeys are an important reservoir for this organism. In this study, 80 C. jejuni isolates from eastern North Carolina were characterized for resistance to nine antimicrobials, and strain types were determined by fla typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI and KpnI, and (for 41 isolates) multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PFGE analysis suggested that many of the isolates (37/40 [ca. 93%]) in a major genomic cluster had DNA that was partially methylated at SmaI sites. Furthermore, 12/40 (30%) of the isolates in this cluster were completely resistant to digestion by KpnI, suggesting methylation at KpnI sites. MLST of 41 isolates identified 10 sequence types (STs), of which 4 were new. Three STs (ST-1839, ST-2132 and the new ST-2934) were predominant and were detected among isolates from different farms. The majority of the isolates (74%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials, and resistance to ciprofloxacin was common (64%), whereas resistance to the other drug of choice for treatment of human campylobacteriosis, erythromycin, was never encountered. Most (33/34) of the kanamycin-resistant isolates were also resistant to tetracycline; however, only ca. 50% of the tetracycline-resistant isolates were also kanamycin resistant. Isolates with certain antimicrobial resistance profiles had identical or closely related strain types. Overall, the findings suggest dissemination of certain clonal groups of C. jejuni isolates in the turkey production industry of this region.

Abstract WP345: Stroke Risk Factors Screening and Education: A Regional Strategy to Address Stroke Prevalence and Mortality in Eastern North Carolina

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry M Congleton ◽  
Cristine W Small ◽  
Susan D Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Transient Ischemia ◽  
Stroke Risk Factor ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Regional Collaboration ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

Background: Eastern North Carolina (ENC) stroke mortality is 12 percent higher than the rest of the state. Often, geographical and sociological barriers prevent people residing in our rural communities from seeking routine health care. Stroke risk factors are known. The purpose of this initiative is to reduce the stroke prevalence and mortality in ENC through community risk factors screening and education. Methods: Medical center volunteers’ staff the screening and volunteer hours are recorded in a community benefit database. Each participant completes a standardized evidenced based assessment. Information collected at each screening includes demographic data, cardiovascular history, knowledge of stroke/transient ischemia signs and symptoms. Clinical metrics obtained are finger stick for random lipid panel and blood glucose, body mass index, hip to waist ratio and carotid bruit screen. Based on the screening results, education, recommendations and referrals are reviewed with every participant. Results: From 2007-2010 the screening volume doubled. In 2011, there was a reduction in screening volume as our system hospitals expanded their community stroke outreach efforts. Approximately 4900 community screenings have been conducted from 2007-2011. Elevated blood pressure and cholesterol respectively are most frequently occurring stroke risks factor found, which is consistent with national trends. Stroke mortality has decreased in the region while transient ischemia attack admissions volume has increased at our certified primary stroke center and regional referral center. Conclusions: In conclusion, primary and secondary prevention through community outreach education, risk factors screening and regional collaboration has made a difference. The region has seen a decrease in stroke prevalence and mortality in ENC. Further reduction is necessary to continue to make an even greater impact. Future directions for the stroke risk factor identification screening is to further integrate community efforts and seeks grant opportunities to establish stroke prevention and management clinics throughout the region.

POPILLIA JAPONICA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE): DISTRIBUTION AND MOVEMENT OF ADULTS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Régnière ◽  
Robert L. Rabb ◽  
R. E. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Marginal Production ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

AbstractAdult Japanese beetle populations were sampled continuously during the summers of 1978 and 1979 in two agricultural stations in eastern North Carolina. Patterns in trap capture were used to develop a conceptual model of the movements of this insect in agricultural areas. A partition of land area is proposed, based on four categories of sites from the point of view of suitability to this insect's reproduction and survival: (1) intensive production sites, (2) marginal production sites, (3) migration alleys, and (4) adult feeding sites. This partition is suggested as a framework for discussion and study of the population dynamics of the insect.

scholarly journals Patterns of fruit and vegetable availability and price competitiveness across four seasons are different in local food outlets and supermarkets

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 2846-2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Valpiani ◽  
Parke Wilde ◽  
Beatrice Rogers ◽  
Hayden Stewart
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Price Competitiveness ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effect of seasonality on fruit and vegetable availability and prices across three outlet types (farmers’ markets, roadside stands and conventional supermarkets).DesignCross-sectional survey of geographically clustered supermarkets, farmers’ markets and roadside stands. Enumerators recorded the availability and lowest price for eleven fruits and eighteen vegetables in each season of 2011.SettingPrice data were collected at retail outlets located in central and eastern North Carolina.SubjectsThe sample consisted of thirty-three supermarkets, thirty-four farmers’ markets and twenty-three roadside stands.ResultsOutside the local harvest season, the availability of many fruits and vegetables was substantially lower at farmers’ markets and roadside stands compared with supermarkets. Given sufficient availability, some items were significantly cheaper (P<0·05) at direct retail outlets in the peak season (e.g. cantaloupe cost 36·0 % less at roadside stands than supermarkets), while others were significantly more expensive (e.g. carrots cost 137·9 % more at farmers’ markets than supermarkets). Although small samples limited statistical power in many non-peak comparisons, these results also showed some differences by item: two-thirds of fruits were cheaper at one or both direct outlets in the spring and autumn, whereas five of eighteen vegetables cost more at direct retail year-round.ConclusionsCommonly consumed fruits and vegetables were more widely available at supermarkets in central and eastern North Carolina than at direct retail outlets, in each season. Contingent on item availability, price competitiveness of the direct retail outlets varied by fruit and vegetable. For many items, the outlets compete on price in more than one season.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document