scholarly journals Analysis of Light-Induced Changes in the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) in Leaves of Pea, Wheat, and Pumpkin Using Pulses of Green-Yellow Measuring Light

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Vladimir Sukhov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Photochemical Reflectance Index ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Actinic Light ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Changes

The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) is a widely used spectral index which can show stress-induced changes in photosynthesis (e.g., increase of the nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ)). The artificial illumination of plants improves the efficiency of estimation of photosynthetic processes on the basis of PRI measurements. However, the simultaneous activity of different light sources with different locations can disturb the measurement of PRI. Using pulses of a green-yellow measuring light can potentially solve this problem. The aim of the present work was to investigate the possibility of using green-yellow light pulses for the investigation of light-induced changes in PRI in higher plants (pea, wheat, and pumpkin) and for the analysis of connection between PRI and the energy-dependent component of NPQ (NPQF). First, we showed that using green-yellow light pulses eliminated shifts of reflected light, which were connected with the application of a red actinic light. Second, analysis of light dependences of NPQF, the absolute value of PRI, and changes in PRI (the difference between the PRI under the actinic light and the initial value of PRI without this light, ΔPRI) showed that the dynamics of the increase of NPQF and the decrease of PRI and ΔPRI were similar. Changes in NPQF and ΔPRI were found to be significant. In contrast, changes in the absolute value of PRI were not significant in most of the variants of the experiments. Third, scatter plots between NPQF and ΔPRI showed similar linear correlations for investigated species; moreover, a total set of experimental points (for pea, wheat, and pumpkin) were also described by the same linear regression. Thus, our results show that (i) pulses of green-yellow measuring light can be used for measurements of PRI, and (ii) ΔPRI is a more effective indicator for the estimation of NPQ than the absolute value of PRI.

scholarly journals I. Experiments, by the method of Lorentz, for the further determination of the absolute value of the British association unit of resistance, with an appendix on the determination of the pitch of a standard tuning-fork

1883 ◽  
Vol 34 (220-223) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
British Association ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

The experiments described in the present paper were carried out during the spring and summer months of the present year, at the Cavendish Laboratory, and are divided into three distinct series. In the first and second series, the induction coils were situated nearly in the plane of the revolving disk, as in Lorentz’s original use of the method; the difference between the two series relating only to the speed of rotation, which was varied in the proportion of 10:16.

Lack of Clinically Significant Interactions Between the Subcutaneously Administered Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Desirudin and Orally Administered Warfarin Upon the International Normalized Ratio.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3131-3131
Author(s):  
Jerrold Levy ◽  
Michael Kurz ◽  
Andrew Whelton
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Clin Pathol ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Abstract 3131 Poster Board III-68 Background Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) have heterogeneous effects on the international normalized ratio (INR). Argatroban, in particular, has a clinically significant impact on the INR that complicates transition to warfarin therapy (Hirsh J. Chest 2008;133:141-149). Desirudin is a potent, subcutaneously administered DTI approved for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), in patients undergoing elective hip replacement surgery. While the pharmacologic effects and clinical utility of desirudin have been extensively studied, the quantitative pharmacodynamic effects associated with the concomitant use of desirudin and warfarin have not been previously reported. The primary objective of this phase 1 study was to determine the safety and tolerability of the combination of desirudin when coadministered with warfarin. Methods This was an open-label, nonrandomized, single-center trial involving 12 healthy adult male volunteers. Potential pharmacodynamic interactions between desirudin and warfarin were assessed by comparing the effects of each drug on prothrombin time (PT; as measured by INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) when each drug was administered alone and during coadministration. The study was divided into 2 dosing periods, A and B. In dosing period A, aPTT and PT (INR) profiles were assessed for warfarin 10 mg given once daily for 3 days. In dosing period B, aPTT and PT (INR) profiles were assessed for a single SC 0.3 mg/kg dose of desirudin given alone, then for the coadministration of SC desirudin 0.3 mg/kg twice daily with orally administered warfarin 10 mg once daily for 3 days. A 2-week washout period occurred between dosing periods. During dosing period A, venous blood samples were collected prior to dosing on day 1 and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postdose on days 1–3; a final sample was obtained 48 hours after the last dose of warfarin. During dosing period B, blood samples were collected prior to the first dose of desirudin given alone and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postdose. During the 3 days of concomitant drug administration, samples were collected at 4, 8, and 12 hours after each dose of desirudin and warfarin; final samples were obtained at 24 and 48 hours after the last dose of desirudin. With regards to the coagulation parameters (aPTT and PT), summary statistics (mean, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum) were calculated for the absolute value and the ratio of the absolute value to baseline for each evaluated time point, the difference to baseline and the difference between desirudin treatment alone and in combination with warfarin. Results An additive effect was observed with the coadministration of desirudin and warfarin. The aPTT increased by a median of 18.3 seconds (range: 1.5–26.3 seconds, P<.01) during coadministration of desirudin and warfarin compared with the administration of desirudin alone. The INR also increased by a median of 1.1 (range: 0.6–1.8, P<.01) during the coadministration of the study drugs. Both study drugs were well tolerated, and the observed effects of coadministration on aPTT and INR were not considered by investigators to be clinically significant. Conclusion The coadministration of desirudin and warfarin has a moderate effect on aPTT and INR levels in healthy adult males. The observed effects on aPTT and INR are similar to those reported for lepirudin on these parameters. Desirudin appears to have lesser effects on INR compared with argatroban (Gosselin RC et al. Am J Clin Pathol, 2004;121:593-599), that may facilitate transitioning to warfarin in patients requiring longer term anticoagulation. Disclosures Kurz: Canyon Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Whelton:Canyon Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

scholarly journals Mengukur Penyebaran Data pada Data Tunggal Tinggi Siswa dan Data Kelompok pada Nilai Mata Pelajaran Statistika

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diki Arif Taufiqurrohman
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Central Value ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe size of the data distribution is a measure that states how far the actual observed value is different from the central value. The range of data is the difference between the largest and smallest data values. Range of average deviation is the sum of the absolute value of the deviation of each observed value from the average divided by the number of observations.Keywords: Statistics, Size, Distribution, Data, Range.

Load Transfer Analysis Using Indexes U* and U** for Truck Cab Structures in Initial Phase of Frontal Collision

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 1129-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
En Yang Wang ◽  
Tetsuo Nohara ◽  
Hideaki Ishii ◽  
Hiroaki Hoshino ◽  
Kunihiro Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Crash Simulation ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Load Paths ◽  
Frontal Collision ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Load Transfer Analysis

A new index U* which represents load paths in structures was applied to a truck cab under collision. After obtaining the deformed body by a dynamic crash simulation, U* for the extracted deformed body was statically calculated. The distributions of U* were compared with the values of U** obtained in our previous report. The U* and U** distributions show almost the same pattern. However, the absolute value of U* is larger than U** by about 1.6 times. The difference is inevitable because of the difference in their definitions. The concepts of U*sum and its histogram were used to express the effectiveness of the load transfer. Using these expressions, it was shown that the main member of this cab transfers the loading effectively.

scholarly journals Uniquely Satisfiable d-Regular (k,s)-SAT Instances

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Zufeng Fu ◽  
Daoyun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nonnegative Integer ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given

Unique k-SAT is the promised version of k-SAT where the given formula has 0 or 1 solution and is proved to be as difficult as the general k-SAT. For any k ≥ 3 , s ≥ f ( k , d ) and ( s + d ) / 2 > k − 1 , a parsimonious reduction from k-CNF to d-regular (k,s)-CNF is given. Here regular (k,s)-CNF is a subclass of CNF, where each clause of the formula has exactly k distinct variables, and each variable occurs in exactly s clauses. A d-regular (k,s)-CNF formula is a regular (k,s)-CNF formula, in which the absolute value of the difference between positive and negative occurrences of every variable is at most a nonnegative integer d. We prove that for all k ≥ 3 , f ( k , d ) ≤ u ( k , d ) + 1 and f ( k , d + 1 ) ≤ u ( k , d ) . The critical function f ( k , d ) is the maximal value of s, such that every d-regular (k,s)-CNF formula is satisfiable. In this study, u ( k , d ) denotes the minimal value of s such that there exists a uniquely satisfiable d-regular (k,s)-CNF formula. We further show that for s ≥ f ( k , d ) + 1 and ( s + d ) / 2 > k − 1 , there exists a uniquely satisfiable d-regular ( k , s + 1 ) -CNF formula. Moreover, for k ≥ 7 , we have that u ( k , d ) ≤ f ( k , d ) + 1 .

RESEARCH ON THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF VIRTUAL TOLERANCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Xiaohui ◽  
Ren Shouhua
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Error Compensation ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

Tolerance where the upper deviation is smaller than the lower deviation is defined as virtual tolerance. The essence of virtual tolerance is illustrated in this paper: the absolute value of virtual tolerance is the amount of error compensation whose range is the difference between the upper deviation and the lower deviation. This value can be described as virtual tolerance and provides a basis for the theory of tolerance. Based on this theory, we can unify calculation principles and methods regarding various types of assembly dimension chains, accurately calculate the tolerance of dimensional chains for assembly with compensation assemblies, and put forward a general calculation method for false waste product intervals.

Studies on the Thermochemistry of Rubber. I. Heat of Vulcanization of Rubber

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoichi Hada ◽  
Koichi Fukaya ◽  
Takeji Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

Abstract 1. The heat of vulcanization of the system: pure rubber-sulfur is determinated. 2. The absolute value of the experimental data is in doubt, however, since the results were widely different from those of Blake. 3. The experimental results are discussed. 4. The results of Blake are discussed. 5. The difference from the results of Blake is attributed to the difference in the content of resinous substances in the sample.

scholarly journals Modular Orientations of Random and Quasi-Random Regular Graphs

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOGA ALON ◽  
PAWEŁ PRAŁAT
Keyword(s):  
Connected Graph ◽  
Regular Graphs ◽  
Fixed Integer ◽  
Connected Graphs ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

Extending an old conjecture of Tutte, Jaeger conjectured in 1988 that for any fixed integer p ≥ 1, the edges of any 4p-edge connected graph can be oriented so that the difference between the outdegree and the indegree of each vertex is divisible by 2p+1. It is known that it suffices to prove this conjecture for (4p+1)-regular, 4p-edge connected graphs. Here we show that there exists a finite p0 such that for every p > p0 the assertion of the conjecture holds for all (4p+1)-regular graphs that satisfy some mild quasi-random properties, namely, the absolute value of each of their non-trivial eigenvalues is at most c1p2/3 and the neighbourhood of each vertex contains at most c2p3/2 edges, where c1, c2 > 0 are two absolute constants. In particular, this implies that for p > p0 the assertion of the conjecture holds asymptotically almost surely for random (4p+1)-regular graphs.

Autometrized Boolean Algebras I: Fundamental Distance-Theoretic Properties of B

1951 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Abelian Group ◽  
Distance Function ◽  
Boolean Algebras ◽  
Algebraic Structures ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

There have been several brief studies made [3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11] of systems in which a “distance function” is defined on the set of pairs of elements of some abstract set to another abstract set. Frequently both of the sets involved are given algebraic structures. One of the more novel of these systems is the naturally metrized group [3, 7] originated by Karl Menger in 1931. This system is analogous to the Euclidean line in that it assigns to each pair, a, b of elements of an additively written Abelian group the “absolute value”, (a-b, b-a) = (b-a, a-b), of the "difference" of the elements as ”distance“.

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