scholarly journals Monitoring and Detecting Archaeological Features with Multi-Frequency Polarimetric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanda Patruno ◽  
Magdalena Fitrzyk ◽  
Jose Manuel Delgado Blasco
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
L Band ◽  
Aperture Radar

In remote sensing for archaeology, an unequivocal method capable of automatic detection of archaeological features still does not exists. Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing for archaeology mainly focus on high spatial resolution SAR sensors, which allow the recognition of structures of small dimension and give information of the surface topography of sites. In this study we investigated the potential of combined dual and fully polarized SAR data and performed polarimetric multi-frequency and multi-incidence angle analysis of C-band Sentinel-1, L-band Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) and of C-band Radar Satellite-2 (RADARSAT-2) datasets for the detection of surface and subsurface archaeological structures over the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) site of Gebel Barkal (Sudan). While PALSAR offers a good historical reference, Sentinel-1 time series provide recent and systematic monitoring opportunities. RADARSAT-2 polarimetric data have been specifically acquired in 2012/2013, and have been scheduled to achieve a multi-temporal observation of the archaeological area under study. This work demonstrated how to exploit a complex but significant dataset composed of SAR full polarimetric and dual polarimetric acquisitions, with the purpose of identifying the most suitable earth observation technique for the preservation and identification of archaeological features. The scientific potential of the illustrated analysis fits perfectly with the current delicate needs of cultural heritage; such analysis demonstrates how multi-temporal and multi-data cultural heritage monitoring can be applied not only for documentation purposes, but can be addressed especially to those areas exposed to threats of different nature that require a constant and prompt intervention plans.

scholarly journals Multi-Temporal Loess Landslide Inventory Mapping with C-, X- and L-Band SAR Datasets—A Case Study of Heifangtai Loess Landslides, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Liu ◽  
Chaoying Zhao ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Jianbing Peng ◽  
Wu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Landslide Inventory ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Loess Landslides ◽  
L Band ◽  
Sar Data

The Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique is a well-developed remote sensing tool which has been widely used in the investigation of landslides. Average deformation rates are calculated by weighted averaging (stacking) of the interferograms to detect small-scale loess landslides. Heifangtai loess terrace, Gansu province China, is taken as a test area. Aiming to generate multi-temporal landslide inventory maps and to analyze the landslide evolution features from December 2006 to November 2017, a large number of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets acquired by L-band ascending ALOS/PALSAR, L-band ascending and descending ALOS/PALSAR-2, X-band ascending and descending TerraSAR-X and C-band descending Sentinel-1A/B images covering different evolution stages of Heifangtai terrace are fully exploited. Firstly, the surface deformation of Heifangtai terrace is calculated for independent SAR data using the InSAR technique. Subsequently, InSAR-derived deformation maps, SAR intensity images and a DEM gradient map are jointly used to detect potential loess landslides by setting the appropriate thresholds. More than 40 active loess landslides are identified and mapped. The accuracy of the landslide identification results is verified by comparison with published literatures, the results of geological field surveys and remote sensing images. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the landslides during the last 11 years are revealed for the first time. Finally, strengths and limitations of different wavelength SAR data, and the effects of track direction, geometric distortions of SAR images and the differences in local incidence angle between two adjacent satellite tracks in terms of small-scale loess landslides identification, are analyzed and summarized, and some suggestions are given to guide the future identification of small-scale loess landslides with the InSAR technique.

scholarly journals Earth Environmental Monitoring Using Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar: A Critical Review of Selected Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Donato Amitrano ◽  
Gerardo Di Martino ◽  
Raffaella Guida ◽  
Pasquale Iervolino ◽  
Antonio Iodice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Data ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Aperture Radar

Microwave remote sensing has widely demonstrated its potential in the continuous monitoring of our rapidly changing planet. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art methodologies for multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar change detection and its applications to biosphere and hydrosphere monitoring, with special focus on topics like forestry, water resources management in semi-arid environments and floods. The analyzed literature is categorized on the base of the approach adopted and the data exploited and discussed in light of the downstream remote sensing market. The purpose is to highlight the main issues and limitations preventing the diffusion of synthetic aperture radar data in both industrial and multidisciplinary research contexts and the possible solutions for boosting their usage among end-users.

scholarly journals Multi-Sensor InSAR Analysis of Progressive Land Subsidence over the Coastal City of Urayasu, Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusupujiang Aimaiti ◽  
Fumio Yamazaki ◽  
Wen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
L Band ◽  
Aperture Radar

In earthquake-prone areas, identifying patterns of ground deformation is important before they become latent risk factors. As one of the severely damaged areas due to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan, Urayasu City in Chiba Prefecture has been suffering from land subsidence as a part of its land was built by a massive land-fill project. To investigate the long-term land deformation patterns in Urayasu City, three sets of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired during 1993–2006 from European Remote Sensing satellites (ERS-1/-2 (C-band)), during 2006–2010 from the Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar onboard the Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS PALSAR (L-band)) and from 2014–2017 from the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 (L-band) were processed by using multitemporal interferometric SAR (InSAR) techniques. Leveling survey data were also used to verify the accuracy of the InSAR-derived results. The results from the ERS-1/-2, ALOS PALSAR and ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 data processing showed continuing subsidence in several reclaimed areas of Urayasu City due to the integrated effects of numerous natural and anthropogenic processes. The maximum subsidence rate of the period from 1993 to 2006 was approximately 27 mm/year, while the periods from 2006 to 2010 and from 2014 to 2017 were approximately 30 and 18 mm/year, respectively. The quantitative validation results of the InSAR-derived deformation trend during the three observation periods are consistent with the leveling survey data measured from 1993 to 2017. Our results further demonstrate the advantages of InSAR measurements as an alternative to ground-based measurements for land subsidence monitoring in coastal reclaimed areas.

scholarly journals Prototype of Dual DDS FMCW Transmitter for L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Edwar ◽  
Achmad Munir
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Analog Filter ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
Direct Digital Synthesizer ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
L Band ◽  
Aperture Radar

One of the popular remote sensing technique is remote sensing using radar technology such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). In this paper, a compact SAR prototype transmitter was designed so it could be installed in small platform. This SAR transmitter was designed to generate a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) using direct digital synthesizer (DDS) integrated with RF front end modules such as analog filter and power amplifier. The bandwidth of the radar spectrum is 10 MHz, and the carrier frequency used is 1.27 GHz. The L-Band has been chosen as the carrier signal in order to detect the target (trees). The payload was designed for aerial vehicle, hence the choice of components should be as small as possible. The FMCW-SAR transmitter was implemented by using DDS module AD9850 and integrated with another RF component. The FMCW-SAR transmitter produces the transmit power about -17.67 dBm.

scholarly journals A Decade of Ground Deformation in Kunming (China) Revealed by Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) Technique

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Zhu ◽  
Wen-Liang Li ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
X Band ◽  
Deformation Velocity ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
L Band ◽  
Aperture Radar

Large-scale urbanization has brought about severe ground subsidence in Kunming (China), threatening the stability of urban infrastructure. Mapping of the spatiotemporal variations of ground deformation is urgently needed, along with summarization of the causes of the subsidence over Kunming with the purpose of disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, for the first time, a multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique with L-band Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS-1) and X-band Constellation of Small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation (COSMO-SkyMed) data was applied to Kunming to derive the time series deformation from 2007 to 2016. The annual deformation velocity revealed two severe subsiding regions in Kunming, with a maximum subsidence of 35 mm/y. The comparison of the deformation between InSAR and leveling showed root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of about 4.5 mm for the L-band and 3.7 mm for the X-band, indicating that our results were reliable. We also found that the L-band illustrated a larger amount of subsidence than the X-band in the tested regions. This difference was mainly caused by the different synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-acquired times and imaging geometries between the L- and X-band SAR images. The vertical time series deformation over two severe subsiding regions presented an approximate linear variation with time, where the cumulative subsidence reached 209 mm during the period of 2007–2016. In view of relevant analyses, we found that the subsidence in Kunming was the result of soft soil consolidation, building load, and groundwater extraction. Our results may provide scientific evidence regarding the sound management of urban construction to mitigate potential damage to infrastructure and the environment.

Forest Canopy Height Estimation Using Polarimetric Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolInSAR) Technology Based on Full-Polarized ALOS/PALSAR Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Qihui Zheng ◽  
Haibing Xiang ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Tetsuro Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Height Estimation ◽  
L Band ◽  
Aperture Radar

Forest canopy height is a basic metric characterizing forest growth and carbon sink capacity. Based on full-polarized Advanced Land Observing Satellite/Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS/PALSAR) data, this study used Polarimetric Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolInSAR) technology to estimate forest canopy height. In total the four methods of differential DEM (digital elevation model) algorithm, coherent amplitude algorithm, coherent phase-amplitude algorithm and three-stage random volume over ground algorithm (RVoG_3) were proposed to obtain canopy height and their accuracy was compared in consideration of the impacts of coherence coefficient and range slope levels. The influence of the statistical window size on the coherence coefficient was analyzed to improve the estimation accuracy. On the basis of traditional algorithms, time decoherence was performed on ALOS/PALSAR data by introducing the change rate of Landsat NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The slope in range direction was calculated based on SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEM data and then introduced into the s-RVoG (sloped-Random Volume over Ground) model to optimize the canopy height estimation model and improve the accuracy. The results indicated that the differential DEM algorithm underestimated the canopy height significantly, while the coherent amplitude algorithm overestimated the canopy height. After removing the systematic coherence, the overestimation of the RVoG_3 model was restrained, and the absolute error decreased from 23.68 m to 4.86 m. With further time decoherence, the determination coefficient increased to 0.2439. With the introduction of range slope, the s-RVoG model shows improvement compared to the RVoG model. Our results will provide a reference for the appropriate algorithm selection and optimization for forest canopy height estimation using full-polarized L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for forest ecosystem monitoring and management.

DETECTION AND MAPPING OF FLOATING OIL EMULSIONS WITH SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR) IMAGERY

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 300657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Garcia-Pineda ◽  
Ian MacDonald ◽  
Chuanmin Hu ◽  
Jan Svejkovsky ◽  
Mark Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Water Detection ◽  
L Band ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Aperture Radar

Detection of floating oil on the ocean surface, and particularly thick layers, is crucial for emergency response to accidental oil discharges. While detection of oil presence on the ocean surface is relatively easy under most conditions with a variety of remote sensing techniques, estimation of the thickness of oil layers is technically challenging. In this paper we use Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery collected during the DeepWater Horizon (DWH) oil spill and the Texture Classifier Neural Network Algorithm (TCNNA) to identify SAR image signatures that may correspond to regions of very thick emulsified oil. These locations were generally consistent with sea level observations and optical and thermal remote sensing instruments. Oil emulsions form after crude oil is discharged in the ocean and is subjected to weathering and coagulation processes that increase thicknesses of floating oil layers. The method of detection identifies regions of increased radar backscattering within larger regions of oil-covered water. Detection is dependent on SAR incident angles and the type of SAR beam mode configuration. L-band SAR was found to have the largest window of incidence angles (16 – 38o off-nadir) that could be used to detect oil emulsions. C-band SAR showed a narrower window (18 – 32o off-nadir) than L-band, while X-band SAR had the narrowest window (20 – 31o off-nadir). The results suggest that in case of future spills in the ocean, SAR data may be used to find locations of thick oil to help make management decisions.

scholarly journals Urban Sensing with Spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar

2021 ◽  
pp. 345-365
Author(s):  
Hongyu Liang ◽  
Wenbin Xu ◽  
Xiaoli Ding ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Songbo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Microwave Radar ◽  
Urban Remote Sensing ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Urban Sensing ◽  
Interferometric Sar ◽  
Aperture Radar

AbstractSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR (InSAR) are state-of-the-art radar remote sensing technologies and are very useful for urban remote sensing. The technologies have some very special characteristics compared to optical remote sensing and are especially advantageous in cloudy regions due to the ability of the microwave radar signals used by the current SAR sensors to penetrate clouds. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of SAR, differential InSAR, and multi-temporal InSAR, and their typical applications in urban remote sensing. Examples of applying the various InSAR techniques in generating DEMs and monitoring ground and infrastructure deformation are given. The capabilities and limitations of InSAR techniques in urban remote sensing are briefly discussed.

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