scholarly journals Application of Geodetic Measuring Methods for Reliable Evaluation of Static Load Test Results of Foundation Piles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3082
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Muszyński ◽  
Jarosław Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Analysis ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Displacement Control ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Measuring Methods

Geodetic measuring methods are widely used in the course of various geotechnical works. The main purpose is usually related to the location in space, geometrical dimensions, settlements, deflections, and other forms of displacements and their consequences. This study focuses on the application of selected surveying methods in static load tests (SLTs) of foundation piles. Basic aspects of the SLT are presented in the introductory section, together with the explanation of the authors’ motivation behind the novel (but already sufficiently tested) application of remote methods introduced to confirm, through inverse analysis, the load applied to the pile head under testing at every stage of its loading. Materials and methods are described in the second section in order to provide basic information on the test site and principles of the SLT method applied. The case study shows the methodology of displacement control in the particular test, which is described in light of a presented review of geodetic techniques for displacement control, especially terrestrial laser scanning and robotic tacheometry. The geotechnical testing procedure, which is of secondary importance for the current study, is also introduced in order to emphasize the versatility of the proposed method. Special attention is paid to inverse analysis (controlling of the pile loading force on the basis of measured deflections, and static calculations by means of standard structural analysis and the finite element method (FEM)) as a tool to raise the credibility of the obtained SLT results. The present case study from just one SLT, instrumented with various geodetic instrumentation, shows the results of a real-world dimensions test. The obtained variability of the loading force within a range of 15% (depending on real beam stiffness) proves good prospects for the application of the proposed idea in practice. The results are discussed mainly in light of the previous authors’ experience with the application of remote techniques for reliable displacement control. As only a few references could be found (mainly by private communication), both the prospects for new developments using faster and more accurate instruments as well as the need for the validation of these findings on a larger number of SLTs (with a very precise definition of beam stiffness) are underlined in the final remarks.

Analysis on Reliability of Load Test on Bearing Capacity of Foundation Piles

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 671-674
Author(s):  
Yu Zhou Sima ◽  
Qing Hua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Pile Foundation ◽  
Reliability Index ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Statistic Method ◽  
Bayesian Statistic

In static load test, most of piles do not destroy, the piles still exist capacity, which reduce the reliability index of pile foundation. This paper employs Bayesian Statistic method to update the measured capacity of piles. Meanwhile, based on updating data, the reliability index is calculated considering the destruction of piles. The case study shows that the reliability index of capacity becomes large when the time of pile destruction increases. Therefore, when judging the safety of pile foundation, it is highly necessary to consider the influence of pile destruction on reliability of piles.

scholarly journals Geodetic monitoring of bridge deformations occurring during static load testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarvo Mill ◽  
Artu Ellmann ◽  
Martti Kiisa ◽  
Juhan Idnurm ◽  
Siim Idnurm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Extreme Load ◽  
Load Tests

Terrestrial laser scanning technology has developed rapidly in recent years and has been used in various applications but mainly in the surveying of different buildings and historical monuments. The use for terrestrial laser scanning data for deformation monitoring has earlier been tested although conventional surveying technologies are still more preferred. Since terrestrial laser scanners are capable of acquiring a large amount of highly detailed geometrical data from a surface it is of interest to study the metrological advantages of the terrestrial laser scanning technology for deformation monitoring of structures. The main intention of this study is to test the applicability of terrestrial laser scanning technology for determining range and spatial distribution of deformations during bridge load tests. The study presents results of deformation monitoring proceeded during a unique bridge load test. A special monitoring methodology was developed and applied at a static load test of a reinforced concrete cantilever bridge built in 1953. Static loads with the max force of up to 1961 kN (200 t) were applied onto an area of 12 m² in the central part of one of the main beams; the collapse of the bridge was expected due to such an extreme load. Although the study identified occurrence of many cracks in the main beams and significant vertical deformations, both deflection (–4.2 cm) and rising (+2.5 cm), the bridge did not collapse. The terrestrial laser scanning monitoring results were verified by high-precision levelling. The study results confirmed that the TLS accuracy can reach ±2.8 mm at 95% confidence level.

scholarly journals TLS Measurement during Static Load Testing of a Railway Bridge

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelagia Gawronek ◽  
Maria Makuch
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Railway Bridge ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Steel Railway Bridge ◽  
White Target

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology has become increasingly popular in investigating displacement and deformation of natural and anthropogenic objects. Regardless of the accuracy of deformation identification, TLS provides remote comprehensive information about the measured object in a short time. These features of TLS were why TLS measurement was used for a static load test of an old, steel railway bridge. The results of the measurement using the Z+F Imager 5010 scanner and traditional surveying methods (for improved georeferencing) were compared to results of precise reflectorless tacheometry and precise levelling. The analyses involved various procedures for the determination of displacement from 3D data (black & white target analysis, point cloud analysis, and mesh surface analysis) and the need to pre-process the 3D data was considered (georeferencing, automated filtering). The results demonstrate that TLS measurement can identify vertical displacement in line with the results of traditional measurements down to ±1 mm.

Shear analysis and static load test of single-box and multicell composite girders with corrugated steel webs: a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-566
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Guopeng Du ◽  
Guanjie Feng ◽  
Yuanlin Feng ◽  
Xin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Shear Design ◽  
Concrete Plates ◽  
Corrugated Steel Web

The shear design of a corrugated steel web box girder is important for structural reliability. Presently, corrugated steel webs bear all the shear forces, and the top and bottom concrete plates bear no shear force. Each steel web has equal force. This design is conservative and uneconomical and may sometimes be unsafe. The shear ratio and transfer efficiency of each corrugated steel web are investigated in this study through numerical analysis. Then, the distribution of shear stress in corrugated steel webs is verified through a static load test. Results show that the shear is shared by the top and bottom concrete plates and corrugated steel webs. The shear ratio presents a close relation with boundary, loading, and section position. The influence of a transverse diaphragm on the shear ratio is minimal, and this influence demonstrates a certain effect only on the steel webs located at the area of the transverse diaphragm.

scholarly journals Accuracy Assessment of Semi-Automatic Measuring Techniques Applied to Displacement Control in Self-Balanced Pile Capacity Testing Appliance

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Muszyński ◽  
Jarosław Rybak ◽  
Paulina Kaczor
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Reference Beam ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Automatic Measuring ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Load Tests

Static load tests of foundation piles are the basic method for the designing or verification of adopted design solutions which concern the foundation of a building structure. Preparation of a typical test station using the so-called inverted beam method is very expensive and labor-intensive. The settlement values of the loaded pile are usually recorded using accurate dial gauges. These gauges are attached to a reference beam located in close proximity to the pile under test, which may cause systematic errors (difficult to detect) caused by the displacement of the adopted reference beam. The application of geodetic methods makes it possible to maintain an independent, external reference system, and to verify the readouts from dial gauges. The article presents an innovative instrumentation for a self-balanced stand for the static load test made from a closed-end, double steel pipe. Instead of typical, precise geometric leveling, the semi-automatic measuring techniques were used: motorized total station measurement and terrestrial laser scanning controlled by a computer. The processing of the acquired data made it possible to determine the vertical displacements of both parts of the examined pile and compare displacements with the results from the dial gauges. On the basis of the excess of the collected observations, it was possible to assess the accuracy, which confirmed the usefulness of measuring techniques under study.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Athlete’s Motion Using the Gymnastics Apparatus’s Motion

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Naoki Arakawa ◽  
Kenya Ohtsuka ◽  
Aoki Yoshio
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Analysis ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Measurement Control ◽  
Imaging Detection ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate ◽  
Coordinate Data

In gymnastics, the skeleton of the athletes can be estimated from many points with three-dimensional coordinate data by measurement control using Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), and the motion can be derived. However, the system cannot know what kind of load is being put on the athletes’ bodies. Additionally, it is not possible to know in detail how top-level athletes handle apparatus. Therefore, it is important to understand the dynamic response of the apparatus to the athlete’s motion. This study shows that the apparatus’s motion can be identified by performing a static load test using a multi-sensing system that can sense how the bar deforms during a game and determine the apparatus’s motions as an inverse analysis.

Research of Static Load Testing Program of Reinforced Concrete Truss Scheme

2013 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Ying Xia
Keyword(s):  
Static Load ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Static Loading Test ◽  
Testing Work ◽  
Static Load Testing

In order to ensure the safety of the truss, truss structure should be carried out prior to use static loading test for assessing the actual working conditions as well as the truss trusses meet the design. The static load test site carries out the testing work. In this paper loaded static load test program was designed to include load cases and measuring points on the truss static load test a theoretical analysis.

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