Evidence of Climate Change Based on Lake Surface Temperature Trends in South Central Chile

Lake temperature has proven to act as a good indicator of climate variability and change. Thus, a surface temperature analysis at different temporal scales is important, as this parameter influences the physical, chemical, and biological cycles of lakes. Here, we analyze monthly, seasonal, and annual surface temperature trends in south central Chilean lakes during the 2000–2016 period, using MODIS satellite imagery. To this end, 14 lakes with a surface area greater than 10 km2 were examined. Results show that 12 of the 14 lakes presented a statistically significant increase in surface temperature, with a rate of 0.10 °C/decade (0.01 °C/year) over the period. Furthermore, some of the lakes in the study present a significant upward trend in surface temperature, especially in spring, summer, and winter. In general, a significant increase in surface water temperature was found in lakes located at higher altitudes, such as Maule, Laja and Galletué lakes. These results contribute to the provision of useful data on Chilean lakes for managers and policymakers.

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Multidecadal Trends in Thickness Temperature, Surface Temperature, and 700-hPa Temperature in the Mount Fuji Region, Japan, 1965–2016

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-18-0222.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (20) ◽

pp. 8305-8312

Author(s):

Yukitomo Tsutsumi

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Radiosonde Data ◽

Tropospheric Temperature ◽

Pressure Data ◽

South Central ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Two Temperatures ◽

Mount Fuji ◽

Temperature Surface

In studies of global warming, increases in tropospheric temperature as well as increases in surface temperature have attracted attention. Simulations of trends in these two temperatures appear to differ from trends in observations by surface sites, radiosondes, and satellites. Moreover, observation errors such as uncertainties in measurement precision and calibration, environmental changes, and the reorganization of network sites hamper the ability to quantify these influences on temperature trends. This paper presents multidecadal (1965–2016) trends in lower-tropospheric temperature for south-central Japan derived from thickness temperature, a measurement based on pressure data from exactly known altitudes at the summit of Mount Fuji (3776 m) and surrounding meteorological sites. The resulting trend is compared with the trends in surface temperature and in the temperature at 700 hPa measured by radiosonde. Although surface temperature increased faster than tropospheric (thickness) temperature in the study area for the 1965–2016 period, tropospheric temperature increased faster than surface temperature after 1985. Additionally, it is found that radiosonde data are not appropriate for determining the temperature trend at constant altitudes because atmospheric warming raises the altitude of the pressure levels.

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Intertidal zonation patterns of macroinfauna over a range of exposed sandy beaches in south-central Chile

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps101105 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. 105-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

E Jaramillo ◽

A McLachlan ◽

P Coetzee

Keyword(s):

Sandy Beaches ◽

Central Chile ◽

South Central ◽

Intertidal Zonation ◽

Zonation Patterns

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Reference on the Six-Minute Walk Test and Oxygen Consumption in Adolescents from South-Central Chile

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2474

Author(s):

Jaime Vásquez-Gómez ◽

Nelson Gatica Salas ◽

Pedro Jiménez Villarroel ◽

Luis Rojas-Araya ◽

Cesar Faundez-Casanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Reference Values ◽

Estimation Error ◽

Walk Test ◽

Central Chile ◽

Six Minute Walk Test ◽

Body Adiposity ◽

South Central ◽

Males And Females ◽

Minute Walk

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) provides oxygen to the exercising muscles and is related to body adiposity, with cardiometabolic variables. The aim was to develop reference values and a predictive model of CRF in Chilean adolescents. A total of 741 adolescents of both genders (15.7 years old) participated in a basic anthropometry, performance in the six-minute walk test (SMWT), and in Course Navette was measured. Percentiles were determined for the SMWT, for the V̇O2max, and an equation was developed to estimate it. The validity of the equation was checked using distribution assumptions and the Bland–Altman diagram. The STATA v.14 program was used (p < 0.05). The 50th percentile values for males and females in the SMWT and in the V̇O2max of Course Navette were, respectively, from 607 to 690 and from 630 to 641 m, and from 43.9 to 45 and from 37.5 to 31.5 mlO2·kg·min−1, for the range of 13 to 17 years. For its part, the model to predict V̇O2max incorporated gender, heart rate, height, waist-to-height ratio (WHR), and distance in the SMWT (R2 = 0.62; estimation error = 0.38 LO2·min−1; p <0.001). Reference values can guide physical fitness in Chilean adolescents, and V̇O2max was possible to predict from morphofunctional variables.

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