scholarly journals A Lightweight Cipher Based on Salsa20 for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelina Lara ◽  
Leocundo Aguilar ◽  
Jesús García ◽  
Mauricio Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Data Memory ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Lightweight Cipher ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Test Suites

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm envisions a world where everyday things interchange information between each other in a way that allows users to make smarter decisions in a given context. Even though IoT has many advantages, its characteristics make it very vulnerable to security attacks. Ciphers are a security primitive that can prevent some of the attacks; however, the constrained computing and energy resources of IoT devices impede them from implementing current ciphers. This article presents the stream cipher Generador de Bits Pseudo Aleatorios (GBPA) based on Salsa20 cipher, which is part of the eSTREAM project, but designed for resource-constrained IoT devices of Class 0. GBPA has lower program and data memory requirements compared with Salsa20 and lightweight ciphers. These properties allow low-cost resource-constrained IoT devices, 29.5% of the embedded systems in the market, to be able to implement a security service that they are currently incapable of, to preserve the user’s data privacy and protect the system from attacks that could damage it. For the evaluation of its output, three statistical test suites were used: NIST Statistical Test Suite (STS), DIEHARD and EACirc, with good results. The GBPA cipher provides security without having a negative impact on the computing resources of IoT devices.

scholarly journals RPPUF: An Ultra-Lightweight Reconfigurable Pico-Physically Unclonable Function for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 3039
Author(s):  
Zhao Huang ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Yin Chen ◽  
Zeyu Li ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Hardware Resource ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
The Internet Of Things

With the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoTs) technology, security issues have received an increasing amount of attention. Since IoT devices are typically resource-limited, conventional security solutions, such as classical cryptography, are no longer applicable. A physically unclonable function (PUF) is a hardware-based, low-cost alternative solution to provide security for IoT devices. It utilizes the inherent nature of hardware to generate a random and unpredictable fingerprint to uniquely identify an IoT device. However, despite existing PUFs having exhibited a good performance, they are not suitable for effective application on resource-constrained IoT devices due to the limited number of challenge-response pairs (CRPs) generated per unit area and the large hardware resources overhead. To solve these problems, this article presents an ultra-lightweight reconfigurable PUF solution, which is named RPPUF. Our method is built on pico-PUF (PPUF). By incorporating configurable logics, one single RPPUF can be instantiated into multiple samples through configurable information K. We implement and verify our design on the Xilinx Spartan-6 field programmable gate array (FPGA) microboards. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared to previous work, our method increases the uniqueness, reliability and uniformity by up to 4.13%, 16.98% and 10.5%, respectively, while dramatically reducing the hardware resource overhead by 98.16% when a 128-bit PUF response is generated. Moreover, the bit per cost (BPC) metric of our proposed RPPUF increased by up to 28.5 and 53.37 times than that of PPUF and the improved butterfly PUF, respectively. This confirms that the proposed RPPUF is ultra-lightweight with a good performance, making it more appropriate and efficient to apply in FPGA-based IoT devices with constrained resources.

A Tweakable Key Alternating Lightweight Cipher for Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-133
Author(s):  
Mary Shamala L. ◽  
Zayaraz G. ◽  
Vivekanandan K. ◽  
Vijayalakshmi V.
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Communication Protocols ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Lightweight Cryptography ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithm ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Lightweight Cipher

Internet of things (IoT) is a global network of uniquely addressable interconnected things, based on standard communication protocols. As the number of devices connected to the IoT escalates, they are becoming a likely target for hackers. Also, the limited resources of IoT devices makes the security on top of the actual functionality of the device. Therefore, the cryptographic algorithm for such devices has to be devised as small as possible. To tackle the resource constrained nature of IoT devices, this article presents a lightweight cryptography algorithm based on a single permutation and iterated Even-Mansour construction. The proposed algorithm is implemented in low cost microcontrollers, thus making it suitable for a wide range of IoT nodes.

Image Validation with Virtualization in Blockchain Based Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 2388-2395
Author(s):  
M. Vivek Anand ◽  
S. Vijayalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Cyber Intelligence ◽  
Peer To Peer Networks ◽  
Secure Environment ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Internet Of Things

IoT is changing the way for a world, where many of our daily objects will be connected with each other and will interact with their environment in order to collect information and automate certain tasks. IoT requires seamless authentication, data privacy, security, robustness against attacks, easy deployment, and self-maintenance. Protecting data in the internet of things is essential for making the IoT environment secure. In order to secure the data on the internet of things, the blockchain will provide distributed peer to peer networks. Blockchain-based internet of things is making a secure environment in the IoT environment. Data are stored in the form of images in IoT devices that are captured in various locations in the IoT environment for processing. Images are stored as data in the blockchain and it acts as a transaction. This paper expresses the environment of blockchain-based internet of things with image validation. This paper will explain this domain with an example of a criminal’s image identification with image processing techniques to provide better service to the cyber intelligence agency to find criminals easily. The identification of criminals is done by comparing the images of the criminals’ identification.

IoT ecosystem faces fragmented future

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Subject IoT ecosystem. Significance The market for the Internet of Things (IoT) or connected devices is expanding rapidly, with no manufacturer currently forecast to dominate the supply chain. This has fragmented the emerging IoT ecosystem, triggering questions about interoperability and cybersecurity of IoT devices. Impacts Firms in manufacturing, transportation and logistics and utilities are expected to see the highest IoT spending in coming years. The pace of IoT adoption is inextricably linked to that of related technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence and cloud computing. Data privacy and security will be the greatest constraint to IoT adoption.

scholarly journals Towards Light Weight Cryptography Schemes for Resource Constraint Devices in IoT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Pandurang Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Resource Constrained Devices ◽  
Constrained Devices

The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming the most relevant next Internet-related revolution in the world of Technology. It permits millions of devices to be connected and communicate with each other. Beside ensuring reliable connectivity their security is also a great challenge. Abounding IoT devices have a minimum of storage and processing capacity and they usually need to be able to operate on limited power consumption. Security paths that depend maximum on encryption are not good for these resource constrained devices, because they are not suited for performing complicated encryption and decryption tasks quickly to be able to transmit data securely in real-time. This paper contains an overview of some of the cryptographic-based schemes related to communication and computational costs for resource constrained devices and considers some approaches towards the development of highly secure and lightweight security mechanisms for IoT devices.

Privacy Dangers of Wearables and the Internet of Things

2016 ◽  
pp. 379-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Amyx
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Employee Privacy ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This chapter identifies concerns about, and the managerial implications of, data privacy issues related to wearables and the IoT; it also offers some enterprise solutions to the complex concerns arising from the aggregation of the massive amounts of data derived from wearables and IoT devices. Consumer and employee privacy concerns are elucidated, as are the problems facing managers as data management and security become an important part of business operations. The author provides insight into how companies are currently managing data as well as some issues related to data security and privacy. A number of suggestions for improving the approach to data protection and addressing concerns about privacy are included. This chapter also examines trending issues in the areas of data protection and the IoT, and contains thought-provoking discussion questions pertaining to business, wearables/IoT data, and privacy issues.

scholarly journals A Fully Open-Source Approach to Intelligent Edge Computing: AGILE’s Lesson

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Massimo Vecchio ◽  
Paolo Azzoni ◽  
Andreas Menychtas ◽  
Ilias Maglogiannis ◽  
Alexander Felfernig
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Quantified Self ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In this paper, we describe the main outcomes of AGILE (acronym for “Adaptive Gateways for dIverse muLtiple Environments”), an EU-funded project that recently delivered a modular hardware and software framework conceived to address the fragmented market of embedded, multi-service, adaptive gateways for the Internet of Things (IoT). Its main goal is to provide a low-cost solution capable of supporting proof-of-concept implementations and rapid prototyping methodologies for both consumer and industrial IoT markets. AGILE allows developers to implement and deliver a complete (software and hardware) IoT solution for managing non-IP IoT devices through a multi-service gateway. Moreover, it simplifies the access of startups to the IoT market, not only providing an efficient and cost-effective solution for industries but also allowing end-users to customize and extend it according to their specific requirements. This flexibility is the result of the joint experience of established organizations in the project consortium already promoting the principles of openness, both at the software and hardware levels. We illustrate how the AGILE framework can provide a cost-effective yet solid and highly customizable, technological foundation supporting the configuration, deployment, and assessment of two distinct showcases, namely a quantified self application for individual consumers, and an air pollution monitoring station for industrial settings.

Influence on antenna design on range of LoraWAN devices – a practical test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Roclawski ◽  
Thomas Krätzig ◽  
Laura Sterle
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Range Test

<p>In the research project Iot.H2O, which is funded under the Water JPI Joint Call 2017 IC4WATER, the potential of the Internet of Things concept is investigated for monitoring and controlling water distribution systems. Smart sensors are used which send data among others via LoraWAN to gateways which are connected to the Internet. The aim of the project is to use low-cost sensors and open-source software.</p><p>In the presentation, results of a range test with the developed LoraWAN devices are reported. One important factor is the antenna design. Results of tests with 6 different antennas will be presented among them are two antennas which are printed on a PCB and 4 commercially available antennas.</p><p>The TTN mapper App is used for recording the signals of the IoT devices in an urban and an rural environment.</p>

Privacy Dangers of Wearables and the Internet of Things

2016 ◽  
pp. 131-160
Author(s):  
Scott Amyx
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Employee Privacy ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This chapter identifies concerns about, and the managerial implications of, data privacy issues related to wearables and the IoT; it also offers some enterprise solutions to the complex concerns arising from the aggregation of the massive amounts of data derived from wearables and IoT devices. Consumer and employee privacy concerns are elucidated, as are the problems facing managers as data management and security become an important part of business operations. The author provides insight into how companies are currently managing data as well as some issues related to data security and privacy. A number of suggestions for improving the approach to data protection and addressing concerns about privacy are included. This chapter also examines trending issues in the areas of data protection and the IoT, and contains thought-provoking discussion questions pertaining to business, wearables/IoT data, and privacy issues.

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