scholarly journals Soil Water Sensor Performance and Corrections with Multiple Installation Orientations and Depths under Three Agricultural Irrigation Treatments

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chen ◽  
Gary W. Marek ◽  
Thomas H. Marek ◽  
Kevin R. Heflin ◽  
Dana O. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Water Sensor ◽  
Neutron Moisture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

Performance evaluations and corrections of soil water sensors have not been studied using different installation orientations under various irrigation treatments in the Texas High Plains. This study evaluated the performance of four sensors using factory calibration and derived field corrections as compared to calibrated neutron moisture meters (NMMs). Sensor performance was assessed using horizontal insertion, laid horizontal placement, and vertical insertion at 15.2, 45.7, and 76.2 cm depths in a clay loam soil with three irrigation treatments. Results indicated the factory-calibrated Acclima 315 L performed satisfactorily using horizontal insertion as compared to NMM measurements at 45.7 and 76.2 cm depths with a ±2% mean difference (MD) and <3.5% root mean square error (RMSE). The factory-calibrated Acclima 315 L using horizontal insertion also performed satisfactorily across all irrigation treatments according to soil profile water storage (MD = 0.36% and RMSE = 3.25%). Generally, the factory-calibrated Decagon GS1 and Campbell Scientific 655 using vertical insertion agreed more closely with NMM measurements compared with other installation orientations. There was a significant underestimation of water storage (>60 mm) in the 0.9 m soil profile using the Watermark 200SS. In summary, field corrections are required for Decagon GS1, Campbell Scientific 655, and Watermark 200SS sensors.

Factory-Calibrated Soil Water Sensor Performance Using Multiple Installation Orientations and Depths

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Gary W. Marek ◽  
Thomas H. Marek ◽  
Kevin R. Heflin ◽  
Dana O. Porter ◽  
Jerry E. Moorhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Neutron Moisture ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract. The use of soil water sensors is commonly advocated to aid and improve irrigation management in crop production systems. However, there are concerns about how sensor type, installation technique, sensor orientation, and soil texture may affect sensor accuracy. A field study was conducted to compare the performance of three commercially available soil water sensors (Acclima 315L, Decagon GS1, and Campbell Scientific 655) and a soil water potential sensor (Watermark 200SS) using different installation orientations of horizontal insertion, laid horizontal placement, and vertical insertion at depths of 15, 46, and 76 cm (6, 18, and 30 in.) in an irrigated clay loam soil field. Results indicated all sensors demonstrated similar trends of soil water content in response to wetting events (precipitation and irrigation) at the 15 cm depth following a 4-month settling period prior from the start of the growing season. Comparatively, the Acclima 315L performed well using horizontal insertion compared to calibrated neutron moisture meters (NMMs) at depths of 46 and 76 cm with R2 of 0.73 and 0.96 and slopes of 1.36 and 1.47, respectively. In addition, water storage in the 0.9 m soil profile integrated using the horizontally inserted Acclima 315L across the three depths matched closely with profile water storage determined by the NMMs with a mean difference (MD) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 25.7 and 36.4 mm. However, site-specific corrections or calibrations for each sensor type are required for accurate soil water content estimations with this clay loam soil for irrigation management applications. Keywords: Corn, Irrigation management, Neutron moisture meter, Soil water content, Soil water sensors, Semi-arid region.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Soil Water Storage in A Small Catchment in 2009 And 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ľuboš Jurík ◽  
Tatiana Kaletová
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
High Precipitation Events

Abstract The soil water storage in a soil profile was calculated from the measured values of volumetric soil water content by the Profile Probe PR2/6 (Delta-T Device Ltd.) in the Bocegaj catchment in the depth up to 1m. The monitored season in the year 2009 followed after a dry season, and in the year 2010, rainfalls were above the average values. The soil water storage was higher than the mean value of field capacity during the season with high precipitation events. With a decreased amount of rainfalls, rising air temperature and crops growing, the soil water storage was in recession. In the vertical direction, the volumetric soil moisture as well as soil water storage in every soil profile have their characteristic progresses.

scholarly journals Soil water regime estimated from the soil water storage monitored in time

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue No. 1) ◽  
pp. S139-S146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Šútor ◽  
M. Gomboš ◽  
M. Kutílek ◽  
M. Krejča
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Aeration Zone ◽  
Soil Water Regime

During the vegetation season, the water storage in the soil aeration zone is influenced by meteorological phenomena and by the vegetated cover. If the groundwater table is in contact with the soil profile, its contribution to water storage must be considered. This impact can be either monitored directly or the mathematical model of the soil moisture regime can be used to simulate it. We present the results of monitoring soil water content in the aeration zone of the East Slovakian Lowland. The main problem is the evaluation of the soil water storage in seasons and in years in the soil profile. Until now, classification systems of the soil water regime evaluation have been mainly based upon climatological factors and soil morphology where the classification has been realized on the basis of indirect indicators. Here, a new classification system based upon quantified data sets is introduced and applied for the measured data. The system considers the degree of accessibility of soil water to plants, including the excess of soil water related to the duration for those characteristic periods. The time span is hierarchically arranged to differentiate between the dominant water storage periods and short-term fluctuations. The lowest taxonomic units characterize the vertical fluxes over time periods. The system allows the comparison of soil water regime taxons over several years and under different types of vegetative cover, or due to various types of land use. We monitored soil water content on two localities, one with a deep ground water level, one with a shallow ground water level. The profile with a shallow ground water level keeps a more uniform taxons and subtaxons of soil water regime due to the crop variation than the profile with a deep ground water level.

Characterisation of a windbreak system on the south coast of Western Australia. 3. Soil water and hydrology

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. M. Hall ◽  
R. A. Sudmeyer ◽  
C. K. McLernon ◽  
R. J. Short
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Neutron Moisture ◽  
Water Contents

This paper describes changes in soil water and ground water at various distances from a Pinus pinaster windbreak in south-western Australia. Soil water contents were measured by neutron moisture meter and time domain reflectometry at distances from a windbreak ranging from 1 to 20 tree heights (H). Within 3 H of the windbreak, soil water storage was reduced by 100–153 mm/1.8 m when compared to unsheltered conditions (20 H) over the 4 years of the experiment. Beyond 3 H, no significant differences in soil water storage were found which could be related to microclimate modification. Relationships between surface soil water storage (mm/0.4 m) at <6�H and 12–24 H were 1 : 1 regardless of the technique used. Similarly, soil water depletion within the crop rootzone (mm/0.6 m) was similar at distances >3 H. Reductions in the depth and duration of perched water levels occurred within 4 H of the windbreak. Despite this, the windbreaks had no effect on the regional ground-water levels.

scholarly journals Changes to soil water content and biomass yield under combined maize and maize-weed vegetation with different fertilization treatments in loam soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
Mariann Kamuti ◽  
Nikolett Mazsu ◽  
Renáta Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Loam Soil

AbstractEspecially during early developmental stages, competition with weeds can reduce crop growth and have a serious effect on productivity. Here, the effects of interactions between soil water content (SWC), nutrient availability, and competition from weeds on early stage crop growth were investigated, to better understand this problem. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 using long-term study plots on loam soil in Hungary. Plots of maize (Zea maysL.) and a weed-maize combination were exposed to five fertilization treatments. SWC was observed along the 0–80 cm depth soil profile and harvested aboveground biomass (HAB) was measured.Significant differences were found between SWC in maize and maize-weed plots. In all treatments, measured SWC was most variable in soil depths of up to 50 cm, and at the 8–10 leaves (BBCH19) growth stage of the crop. The greatest depletion of SWC was detected within PK treatments across the entire soil profile and under both vegetation types, with depletion also considerable under NPK and NP treatments. Biomass growth was significantly influenced by weeds in treated plots between the BBCH 13 and 19 phenological stages, but water availability did not hamper growth rates in non-fertilized conditions. These findings suggest that, at early stages of crop growth, SWC model simulations need to include better characterisation of depth- and structure-dependent soil water uptake by vegetation.

scholarly journals Trends in Playa Inundation and Water Storage in the Ogallala Aquifer on the Texas High Plains

Hydrology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gitz ◽  
David Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Storage ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Ogallala Aquifer ◽  
Texas High Plains

scholarly journals Impact of soil compaction on water content in sandy loam soil under sunflower

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliam Nagy ◽  
Peter Šurda ◽  
Ľubomír Lichner ◽  
Attila J. Kovács ◽  
Gábor Milics
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Soil compaction causes important physical modifications at the subsurface soil, especially from 10 to 30 cm depths. Compaction leads to a decrease in infiltration rates, in saturated hydraulic conductivity, and in porosity, as well as causes an increase in soil bulk density. However, compaction is considered to be a frequent negative consequence of applied agricultural management practices in Slovakia. Detailed determination of soil compaction and the investigation of a compaction impact on water content, water penetration depth and potential change in water storage in sandy loam soil under sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was carried out at 3 plots (K1, K2 and K3) within an experimental site (field) K near Kalinkovo village (southwest Slovakia). Plot K1 was situated on the edge of the field, where heavy agricultural equipment was turning. Plot K2 represented the ridge (the crop row), and plot K3 the furrow (the inter–row area of the field). Soil penetration resistance and bulk density of undisturbed soil samples was determined together with the infiltration experiments taken at all defined plots. The vertical bulk density distribution was similar to the vertical soil penetration resistance distribution, i.e., the highest values of bulk density and soil penetration resistance were estimated at the plot K1 in 15–20 cm depths, and the lowest values at the plot K2. Application of 50 mm of water resulted in the penetration depth of 30 cm only at all 3 plots. Soil water storage measured at the plot K2 (in the ridge) was higher than the soil water storage measured at the plot K3 (in the furrow), and 4.2 times higher than the soil water storage measured at the most compacted plot K1 on the edge of the field. Results of the experiments indicate the sequence in the thickness of compacted soil layers at studied plots in order (from the least to highest compacted ones): K2–K3–K1.

scholarly journals Site-specific irrigation of grain sorghum using plant and soil water sensing feedback - Texas High Plains

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 106273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
Minyoung Kim ◽  
Manuel A. Andrade ◽  
Paul D. Colaizzi ◽  
Steven R. Evett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Water Sensing

scholarly journals Assessing Effects of Salinity on the Performance of a Low-Cost Wireless Soil Water Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7041
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Rao Peddinti ◽  
Jan W. Hopmans ◽  
Majdi Abou Najm ◽  
Isaya Kisekka
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Water Sensor ◽  
Spatiotemporal Scales ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water

Low-cost, accurate soil water sensors combined with wireless communication in an internet of things (IoT) framework can be harnessed to enhance the benefits of precision irrigation. However, the accuracy of low-cost sensors (e.g., based on resistivity or capacitance) can be affected by many factors, including salinity, temperature, and soil structure. Recent developments in wireless sensor networks offer new possibilities for field-scale monitoring of soil water content (SWC) at high spatiotemporal scales, but to install many sensors in the network, the cost of the sensors must be low, and the mechanism of operation needs to be robust, simple, and consume low energy for the technology to be practically relevant. This study evaluated the performance of a resistivity–capacitance-based wireless sensor (Sensoterra BV, 1018LE Amsterdam, Netherlands) under different salinity levels, temperature, and soil types in a laboratory. The sensors were evaluated in glass beads, Oso Flaco sand, Columbia loam, and Yolo clay loam soils. A nonlinear relationship was exhibited between the sensor measured resistance (Ω) and volumetric soil water content (θ). The Ω–θ relationship differed by soil type and was affected by soil solution salinity. The sensor was extremely sensitive at higher water contents with high uncertainty, and insensitive at low soil water content accompanied by low uncertainty. The soil solution salinity effects on the Ω–θ relationship were found to be reduced from sand to sandy loam to clay loam. In clay soils, surface electrical conductivity (ECs) of soil particles had a more dominant effect on sensor performance compared to the effect of solution electrical conductivity (ECw). The effect of temperature on sensor performance was minimal, but sensor-to-sensor variability was substantial. The relationship between bulk electrical conductivity (ECb) and volumetric soil water content was also characterized in this study. The results of this study reveal that if the sensor is properly calibrated, this low-cost wireless soil water sensor has the potential of improving soil water monitoring for precision irrigation and other applications at high spatiotemporal scales, due to the ease of integration into IoT frameworks.

Soil water extraction, water use, and grain yield by drought-tolerant maize on the Texas High Plains

2015 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Hao ◽  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
Thomas H. Marek ◽  
Kirk E. Jessup ◽  
Xiaobo Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Soil Water Extraction
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