Real-Time Correction and Stabilization of Laser Diode Wavelength in Miniature Homodyne Interferometer for Long-Stroke Micro/Nano Positioning Stage Metrology

A low-cost miniature homodyne interferometer (MHI) with self-wavelength correction and self-wavelength stabilization is proposed for long-stroke micro/nano positioning stage metrology. In this interferometer, the displacement measurement is based on the analysis of homodyne interferometer fringe pattern. In order to miniaturize the interferometer size, a low-cost and small-sized laser diode is adopted as the laser source. The accuracy of the laser diode wavelength is real-time corrected by the proposed wavelength corrector using a modified wavelength calculation equation. The variation of the laser diode wavelength is suppressed by a real-time wavelength stabilizer, which is based on the principle of laser beam drift compensation and the principle of automatic temperature control. The optical configuration of the proposed MHI is proposed. The methods of displacement measurement, wavelength correction, and wavelength stabilization are depicted in detail. A laboratory-built prototype of the MHI is constructed, and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed wavelength correction and stabilization methods.

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Real-Time Low-Cost Drift Compensation for Chemical Sensors Using a Deep Neural Network with Hadamard Transform and Additive Layers

IEEE Sensors Journal ◽

10.1109/jsen.2021.3084220 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Diaa Badawi ◽

Agamyrat Agambayev ◽

Sule Ozev ◽

A. Enis Cetin

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Real Time ◽

Chemical Sensors ◽

Deep Neural Network ◽

Low Cost ◽

Hadamard Transform ◽

Drift Compensation

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Study on interferometric measurements of a high accuracy laser-diode interferometer with real-time displacement measurement and its calibration

10.1117/12.828822 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi Zeng ◽

Guotian He

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Laser Diode ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Displacement Measurement

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A two-stage method for real-time baseline drift compensation in gas sensors

Measurement Science and Technology ◽

10.1088/1361-6501/ac491f ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Chao Zhang ◽

Wen Wang ◽

Pan Yong ◽

Lina Cheng ◽

Shoupei Zhai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Gas Sensors ◽

Piecewise Linear ◽

Low Cost ◽

Piecewise Linear Approximation ◽

Two Stage ◽

Baseline Drift ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Future Design ◽

Drift Compensation

Abstract Baseline drift caused by slowly changing environment and other instability factors affects significantly the performance of gas sensors, resulting in reduced accuracy of gas classification and quantification of the electronic nose. In this work, a two-stage method is proposed for real-time sensor baseline drift compensation based on estimation theory and piecewise linear approximation. In the first stage, the linear information from the baseline before exposure is extracted for prediction. The second stage continuously predicts changing linear parameters during exposure by combining temperature change information and time series information, and then the baseline drift is compensated by subtracting the predicted baseline from the real sensor response. The proposed method is compared to three efficient algorithms and the experiments are conducted towards two simulated datasets and two surface acoustic wave sensor datasets. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the proposed method can recover the true response signal under different ambient temperatures in real-time, which can guide the future design of low-power and low-cost rapid detection systems.

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Development of a Compact Three-Degree-of-Freedom Laser Measurement System with Self-Wavelength Correction for Displacement Feedback of a Nanopositioning Stage

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8112209 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2209 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yindi Cai ◽

Zhifeng Lou ◽

Siying Ling ◽

Bo-syun Liao ◽

Kuang-chao Fan

Keyword(s):

Laser Diode ◽

Low Cost ◽

Michelson Interferometer ◽

Optical Path Difference ◽

Path Difference ◽

Degree Of Freedom ◽

Laser Source ◽

Laser Measurement ◽

Length Unit ◽

Three Degree Of Freedom

This paper presents a miniature three-degree-of-freedom laser measurement (3DOFLM) system for displacement feedback and error compensation of a nanopositioning stage. The 3DOFLM system is composed of a miniature Michelson interferometer (MMI) kit, a wavelength corrector kit, and a miniature autocollimator kit. A low-cost laser diode is employed as the laser source. The motion of the stage can cause an optical path difference in the MMI kit so as to produce interference fringes. The interference signals with a phase interval of 90° due to the phase control are detected by four photodetectors. The wavelength corrector kit, based on the grating diffraction principle and the autocollimation principle, provides real-time correction of the laser diode wavelength, which is the length unit of the MMI kit. The miniature autocollimator kit based on the autocollimation principle is employed to measure angular errors and compensate induced Abbe error of the moving table. The developed 3DOFLM system was constructed with dimensions of 80 mm (x) × 90 mm (y) × 20 mm (z) so that it could be embedded into the nanopositioning stage. A series of calibration and comparison experiments were carried out to test the performance of this system.

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Sinusoidal phase-modulating laser diode interferometer insensitive to intensity modulation for real-time displacement measurement with feedback control system

Optics Communications ◽

10.1016/j.optcom.2012.05.023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 285 (18) ◽

pp. 3827-3831 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Bofan Wang ◽

Xiangzhao Wang ◽

Zhongliang Li ◽

Osami Sasaki

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Feedback Control ◽

Real Time ◽

Laser Diode ◽

Intensity Modulation ◽

Displacement Measurement ◽

Feedback Control System ◽

Sinusoidal Phase Modulating

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Megahertz scan rates enabled by optical sampling by repetition-rate tuning

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02502-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

D. Bajek ◽

M. A. Cataluna

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Repetition Rate ◽

Low Cost ◽

Impedance Matching ◽

Michelson Interferometer ◽

Laser Source ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Time Resolved Spectroscopy ◽

Optical Sampling ◽

Probe Spectroscopy

AbstractWe demonstrate, for the first time, optical sampling by repetition-rate tuning (OSBERT) at record megahertz scan rates. A low-cost, tunable and extremely compact 2-section passively mode-locked laser diode (MLLD) is used as the pulsed laser source, whose repetition rate can be modulated electronically through biasing of the saturable absorber section. The pulsed output is split into two arms comparable to an imbalanced Michelson interferometer, where one arm is significantly longer than the other (a passive delay line, or PDL). The resulting electronic detuning of the repetition rate gives rise to a temporal delay between pulse pairs at a detector; the basis for time-resolved spectroscopy. Through impedance-matching, we developed a new system whereby a sinusoidal electrical bias could be applied to the absorber section of the MLLD via a signal generator, whose frequency could be instantly increased from sub-hertz through to megahertz modulation frequencies, corresponding to a ground-breaking megahertz optical sampling scan rate, which was experimentally demonstrated by the real-time acquisition of a cross-correlation trace of two ultrashort optical pulses within just 1 microsecond of real time. This represents scan rates which are three orders of magnitude greater than the recorded demonstrations of OSBERT to date, and paves the way for highly competitive scan rates across the field of time-resolved spectroscopy and applications therein which range from pump probe spectroscopy to metrology.

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Review of Low-Cost Photoacoustic Sensing and Imaging Based on Laser Diode and Light-Emitting Diode

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18072264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 2264 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Hongtao Zhong ◽

Tingyang Duan ◽

Hengrong Lan ◽

Meng Zhou ◽

Fei Gao

Keyword(s):

Laser Diode ◽

Imaging System ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Low Cost ◽

Coded Modulation ◽

Imaging Systems ◽

Laser Source ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Laser Sources

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), a promising medical imaging method that combines optical and ultrasound techniques, has been developing for decades mostly in preclinical application. A recent trend is to utilize the economical laser source to develop a low-cost sensing and imaging system, which aims at an affordable solution in clinical application. These low-cost laser sources have different modulation modes such as pulsed modulation, continuous modulation and coded modulation to generate different profiles of PA signals in photoacoustic (PA) imaging. In this paper, we review the recent development of the photoacoustic sensing and imaging based on the economical laser sources such as laser diode (LD) and light-emitting diode (LED) in different kinds of modulation types, and discuss several representative methods to improve the performance of such imaging systems based on low-cost laser sources. Finally, some perspectives regarding the future development of portable PAT systems are discussed, followed by the conclusion.

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