Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Gas Sensing

Fiber gas sensing techniques have been applied for a wide range of industrial applications. In this paper, the basic fiber gas sensing principles and the development of different fibers have been introduced. In various specialty fibers, hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) can overcome the fundamental limits of solid fibers and have attracted intense interest recently. Here, we focus on the review of HC-PCF gas sensing, including the light-guiding mechanisms of HC-PCFs, various sensing configurations, microfabrication approaches, and recent research advances including the mid-infrared gas sensors via hollow core anti-resonant fibers. This review gives a detailed and deep understanding of HC-PCF gas sensors and will promote more practical applications of HC-PCFs in the near future.

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Characterization of infrared gas sensors employing hollow-core photonic crystal fibers

Instrumentation Science & Technology ◽

10.1080/10739149.2016.1158724 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 495-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hai-feng Hu ◽

Yong Zhao ◽

Ya-nan Zhang ◽

Yang Yang

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Gas Sensors ◽

Photonic Crystal Fibers ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Crystal Fibers

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Kagome Hollow Core Fiber-Based Mid-Infrared Dispersion Spectroscopy of Methane at Sub-ppm Levels

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19153352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (15) ◽

pp. 3352 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Karol Krzempek ◽

Krzysztof Abramski ◽

Michal Nikodem

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensors ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Difference Frequency Generation ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Large Core ◽

Core Diameter ◽

Mid Infrared ◽

Core Fiber ◽

Crystal Fibers ◽

Long Fibers

In this paper, we demonstrate the laser-based gas sensing of methane near 3.3 µm inside hollow-core photonic crystal fibers. We exploit a novel anti-resonant Kagome-type hollow-core fiber with a large core diameter (more than 100 µm) which results in gas filling times of less than 10 s for 1.3-m-long fibers. Using a difference frequency generation source and chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy technique, methane sensing with sub-parts-per-million by volume detection limit is performed. The detection of ambient methane is also demonstrated. The presented results indicate the feasibility of using a hollow-core fiber for increasing the path-length and improving the sensitivity of the mid-infrared gas sensors.

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Sensitivity Enhancement of Methane Detection Based On Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber

Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems ◽

10.51485/ajss.v1i1.15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

R. Boufenar ◽

M. Bouamar ◽

A. Hocini

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Relative Sensitivity ◽

Explosion Hazard ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Core Diameter ◽

Crystal Fiber ◽

Ch4 Concentration ◽

Crystal Fibers

Monitoring methane (CH4) concentration is essential in many industrial and environmental applications. Emission of such gases is indeed important to detect for health, safety and environmental reasons. The major risk in all these areas is an explosion hazard, which may occur if methane reaches its Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of5% concentration in air. For that reason, it is necessary to develop gas sensors to monitor that methane levels below this value. Due to a weak absorption of methane, this gas is difficult to detect using conventional methods.Hollow core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PBF) have emerged as a promising technology in the field of gas sensing. The strong interaction achievable with these fibers are especially advantageous for the detection of weakly absorbing regions of methane. In this paper, we investigated, by full vectorial finite element method (FV-FEM) in Rsoft CAD environment, the dependency of relative sensitivity on the fiber parameters and wavelength. Consequently, we introduced the optimal structureof an index guiding hollow core photonic crystal fiber capable of measuring methane concentrations down to 0.1%in air. The simulations showed that the sensing sensitivity increased with an increase in the core diameter and a decrease in the distance between centers of two adjacent holes.

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Scientific and industrial applications of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers

Imaging and Applied Optics 2015 ◽

10.1364/aio.2015.aith1f.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Uebel ◽

Ka Fai Mak ◽

Michael H. Frosz ◽

John C. Travers ◽

Philip St.J. Russell

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Photonic Crystal Fibers ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Crystal Fibers

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Characteristic Analysis and Structural Design of Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers with Band Gap Cladding Structures

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21010284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 284

Author(s):

Bowei Wan ◽

Lianqing Zhu ◽

Xin Ma ◽

Tianshu Li ◽

Jian Zhang

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Band Gap ◽

Photonic Crystal Fibers ◽

Relative Sensitivity ◽

Confinement Loss ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Characteristic Analysis ◽

Element Analysis ◽

The Core ◽

Crystal Fibers

Due to their flexible structure and excellent optical characteristics hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) are used in many fields, such as active optical devices, communications, and optical fiber sensing. In this paper, to analyze the characteristics of HC-PCFs, we carried out finite element analysis and analyzed the design for the band gap cladding structure of HC-PCFs. First, the characteristics of HC19-1550 and HC-1550-02 in the C-band were simulated. Subsequently, the structural optimization of the seven-cell HC-1550-02 and variations in characteristics of the optimized HC-1550-02 in the wavelength range 1250–1850 nm were investigated. The simulation results revealed that the optimal number of cladding layers is eight, the optimal core radius is 1.8 times the spacing of adjacent air holes, and the optimal-relative thickness of the core quartz-ring is 2.0. In addition, the low confinement loss bandwidth of the optimized structure is 225 nm. Under the transmission bandwidth of the optimized structure, the core optical power is above 98%, the confinement loss is below 9.0 × 10−3 dB/m, the variation range of the effective mode field area does not exceed 10 μm2, and the relative sensitivity is above 0.9570. The designed sensor exhibits an ultra-high relative sensitivity and almost zero confinement loss, making it highly suitable for high-sensitivity gas or liquid sensing.

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