Kagome Hollow Core Fiber-Based Mid-Infrared Dispersion Spectroscopy of Methane at Sub-ppm Levels

In this paper, we demonstrate the laser-based gas sensing of methane near 3.3 µm inside hollow-core photonic crystal fibers. We exploit a novel anti-resonant Kagome-type hollow-core fiber with a large core diameter (more than 100 µm) which results in gas filling times of less than 10 s for 1.3-m-long fibers. Using a difference frequency generation source and chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy technique, methane sensing with sub-parts-per-million by volume detection limit is performed. The detection of ambient methane is also demonstrated. The presented results indicate the feasibility of using a hollow-core fiber for increasing the path-length and improving the sensitivity of the mid-infrared gas sensors.

Download Full-text

Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber-Based Dual Gas Sensor for Detection of Methane and Carbon Dioxide in the Near- and Mid-Infrared Regions

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20143813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (14) ◽

pp. 3813 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Piotr Jaworski ◽

Paweł Kozioł ◽

Karol Krzempek ◽

Dakun Wu ◽

Fei Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Gas Sensor ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Mid Infrared ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Core Fiber ◽

Sensor Configuration ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

In this work, we present for the first time a laser-based dual gas sensor utilizing a silica-based Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber (ARHCF) operating in the Near- and Mid-Infrared spectral region. A 1-m-long fiber with an 84-µm diameter air-core was implemented as a low-volume absorption cell in a sensor configuration utilizing the simple and well-known Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) method. The fiber was filled with a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and a simultaneous detection of both gases was demonstrated targeting their transitions at 3.334 µm and 1.574 µm, respectively. Due to excellent guidance properties of the fiber and low background noise, the proposed sensor reached a detection limit down to 24 parts-per-billion by volume for CH4 and 144 parts-per-million by volume for CO2. The obtained results confirm the suitability of ARHCF for efficient use in gas sensing applications for over a broad spectral range. Thanks to the demonstrated low loss, such fibers with lengths of over one meter can be used for increasing the laser-gas molecules interaction path, substituting bulk optics-based multipass cells, while delivering required flexibility, compactness, reliability and enhancement in the sensor’s sensitivity.

Download Full-text

Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Gas Sensing

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20102996 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 2996 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ruowei Yu ◽

Yuxing Chen ◽

Lingling Shui ◽

Limin Xiao

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Gas Sensors ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Fundamental Limits ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Crystal Fibers

Fiber gas sensing techniques have been applied for a wide range of industrial applications. In this paper, the basic fiber gas sensing principles and the development of different fibers have been introduced. In various specialty fibers, hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) can overcome the fundamental limits of solid fibers and have attracted intense interest recently. Here, we focus on the review of HC-PCF gas sensing, including the light-guiding mechanisms of HC-PCFs, various sensing configurations, microfabrication approaches, and recent research advances including the mid-infrared gas sensors via hollow core anti-resonant fibers. This review gives a detailed and deep understanding of HC-PCF gas sensors and will promote more practical applications of HC-PCFs in the near future.

Download Full-text

A Coupling Method from Hollow-Core Fiber with Large Core Diameter to Single Mode Fiber

Laser Congress 2019 (ASSL, LAC, LS&C) ◽

10.1364/assl.2019.jm5a.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiang Chen ◽

Xiongwei Hu ◽

Lvyun Yang ◽

J inggang Peng ◽

Haiqing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Mode ◽

Single Mode Fiber ◽

Coupling Method ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Large Core ◽

Core Diameter ◽

Core Fiber

Download Full-text

Demonstration of mid-infrared gas sensing using an anti-resonant hollow core fiber and a quantum cascade laser

Optics Express ◽

10.1364/oe.27.036350 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (25) ◽

pp. 36350 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michal Nikodem ◽

Grzegorz Gomółka ◽

Mariusz Klimczak ◽

Dariusz Pysz ◽

Ryszard Buczyński

Keyword(s):

Quantum Cascade Laser ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Mid Infrared ◽

Quantum Cascade ◽

Core Fiber

Download Full-text

Femtosecond laser processing of microchannels in antiresonant hollow-core fiber for laser-based gas sensing in the mid-infrared

Micro-structured and Specialty Optical Fibres VII ◽

10.1117/12.2592564 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paweł E. Kozioł ◽

Piotr Jaworski ◽

Fei Yu ◽

Karol Krzempek ◽

Dakun Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femtosecond Laser ◽

Laser Processing ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Mid Infrared ◽

Femtosecond Laser Processing ◽

Core Fiber

Download Full-text

Sensitivity Enhancement of Methane Detection Based On Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber

Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems ◽

10.51485/ajss.v1i1.15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

R. Boufenar ◽

M. Bouamar ◽

A. Hocini

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Relative Sensitivity ◽

Explosion Hazard ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Core Diameter ◽

Crystal Fiber ◽

Ch4 Concentration ◽

Crystal Fibers

Monitoring methane (CH4) concentration is essential in many industrial and environmental applications. Emission of such gases is indeed important to detect for health, safety and environmental reasons. The major risk in all these areas is an explosion hazard, which may occur if methane reaches its Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of5% concentration in air. For that reason, it is necessary to develop gas sensors to monitor that methane levels below this value. Due to a weak absorption of methane, this gas is difficult to detect using conventional methods.Hollow core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PBF) have emerged as a promising technology in the field of gas sensing. The strong interaction achievable with these fibers are especially advantageous for the detection of weakly absorbing regions of methane. In this paper, we investigated, by full vectorial finite element method (FV-FEM) in Rsoft CAD environment, the dependency of relative sensitivity on the fiber parameters and wavelength. Consequently, we introduced the optimal structureof an index guiding hollow core photonic crystal fiber capable of measuring methane concentrations down to 0.1%in air. The simulations showed that the sensing sensitivity increased with an increase in the core diameter and a decrease in the distance between centers of two adjacent holes.

Download Full-text

Geometrical Scaling of Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fibers for Mid-Infrared Beam Delivery

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11040420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Ang Deng ◽

Wonkeun Chang

Keyword(s):

Structural Parameters ◽

Transmission Band ◽

Confinement Loss ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Core Size ◽

Core Diameter ◽

Mid Infrared ◽

The Core ◽

Tubular Type ◽

Beam Delivery

We numerically investigate the effect of scaling two key structural parameters in antiresonant hollow-core fibers—dielectric wall thickness of the cladding elements and core size—in view of low-loss mid-infrared beam delivery. We demonstrate that there exists an additional resonance-like loss peak in the long-wavelength limit of the first transmission band in antiresonant hollow-core fibers. We also find that the confinement loss in tubular-type hollow-core fibers depends strongly on the core size, where the degree of the dependence varies with the cladding tube size. The loss scales with the core diameter to the power of approximately −5.4 for commonly used tubular-type hollow-core fiber designs.

Download Full-text