scholarly journals A Novel Electrically Small Ground-Penetrating Radar Patch Antenna with a Parasitic Ring for Respiration Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1930
Author(s):  
Di Shi ◽  
Taimur Aftab ◽  
Gunnar Gidion ◽  
Fatma Sayed ◽  
Leonhard M. Reindl
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Gas Explosions ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Quick Search

An electrically small patch antenna with a low-cost high-permittivity ceramic substrate material for use in a ground-penetrating radar is proposed in this work. The antenna is based on a commercial ceramic 915 MHz patch antenna with a size of 25 × 25 × 4 mm3 and a weight of 12.9 g. The influences of the main geometric parameters on the antenna’s electromagnetic characteristics were comprehensively studied. Three bandwidth improvement techniques were sequentially applied to optimize the antenna: tuning the key geometric parameters, adding cuts on the edges, and adding parasitic radiators. The designed antenna operates at around 1.3 GHz and has more than 40 MHz continuous −3 dB bandwidth. In comparison to the original antenna, the −3 and −6 dB fractional bandwidth is improved by 1.8 times and 4 times, respectively. Two antennas of the proposed design together with a customized radar were installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for a quick search for survivors after earthquakes or gas explosions without exposing the rescue staff to the uncertain dangers of moving on the debris.

scholarly journals New Understanding of Bar Top Hollows in Dryland Sandy Braided Rivers from Outcrops with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Ground Penetrating Radar Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Xianguo Zhang ◽  
Chengyan Lin ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Daowu Huang ◽  
Derong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Basal Surface ◽  
Depositional Sequence ◽  
Braided Rivers ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Bar top hollows (BTHs) are morphological elements recognized in modern braided rivers; however, information regarding their depositional features and types of filling units in ancient strata is unclear. This is an important reason behind why it is difficult to identify BTH units in subsurface reservoirs. A Middle Jurassic dryland sandy braided river outcrop in northwestern China is characterized in this study through the application of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveying and mapping, and ground penetrating radar (GPR). A workflow of UAV data processing has been established, and a 3D digital outcrop model has been built. By observation and measurement of the outcrop model and GPR profiles, two types of BTH filled units were found: (a) sandstone-filled, and (b) mudstone-filled hollows. Both of these units were located between two adjacent bar units in an area that is limited to a compound bar, and were developed in the upper part of a braided bar depositional sequence. The ellipse-shaped, sandstone-filled unit measures 10 m × 27 m in map view and reaches a maximum thickness of 5 m. The transversal cross-section across the BTHs displays a concave upward basal surface, while the angle of the inclined structures infilling the BTHs decreases up-section. The GPR data show that, in the longitudinal profile, the basal surface is relatively flat, and low-angle, inclined layers can be observed in the lower- and middle part of the sandstone-filled BTHs. In contrast, no obvious depositional structures were observed in the mudstone-filled BTH in outcrop. The new understanding of BTH has a wide application, including the optimization of CO2 storage sites, fresh water aquifers exploration, and oil and gas reservoir characterization.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Materials for a Preliminary Archaeological Evaluation of the Giove Countryside (Terni, Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Matteo Barone ◽  
Elizabeth Wueste ◽  
Richard Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
American University ◽  
Archaeological Prospection ◽  
Tiber River ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
Ground Penetrating

A collaboration between the American University of Rome, the Municipality of Giove, and Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio dellʼUmbria has resulted in an academic project aimed at a preliminary evaluation of a particular area along the Tiber river that straddles the border between Umbria and Lazio. Archaeological prospection methods, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and photogrammetry, have made it possible to better study the landscape with respect to not only the changes the area has undergone recently, but also its evolution during the Roman and Medieval periods, while keeping the main communication route represented by the Tiber river as its fulcrum.

scholarly journals Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging System for Landmine Detection Using a Ground Penetrating Radar on Board a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 45100-45112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Garcia Fernandez ◽  
Yuri Alvarez Lopez ◽  
Ana Arboleya Arboleya ◽  
Borja Gonzalez Valdes ◽  
Yolanda Rodriguez Vaqueiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Radar Imaging ◽  
Landmine Detection ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Aperture Radar

Using Ground-Penetrating Radar and Dielectric Probe Measurements in Pavement Density Quality Control

1997 ◽  
Vol 1575 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Saarenketo
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Dielectric Surface ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Surface Probe ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Probe Measurements

Ground-penetrating radar and capacitance-based dielectric surface probe measurements are used to measure fluctuations in voids, bitumen content, or both, in newly asphalted pavements without causing structural damage. Both methods rely on the compaction of asphalt to reduce the proportion of low-dielectricity air in the material, which increases the volumetric proportions of high-dielectricity bitumen and rock and thus results in higher asphalt dielectricity values. Ground-penetrating radar enables pavement thickness to be measured rapidly from a moving vehicle and information on variations in pavement voids content to be collected simultaneously on the basis of dielectricity fluctuations. The results can be calibrated against real void content by material sampling or by comparison of dielectric value with voids content values determined beforehand for the same material under laboratory conditions. This means that the subcontractor can be informed quickly of any values that exceed or fall below the norms and can take immediate steps to rectify such defects. Other advantages offered by the technique are the rapidity of the measurements and the immediate availability of the results. In addition, the one measurement provides simultaneous information on pavement and base thicknesses and the quality of the latter. The dielectric probe based on capacitance measurements lends itself to use in asphalt mass proportioning examinations performed at the laboratory stage, which enables the values to be used directly for monitoring in situ pavement compaction. The advantages of the dielectricity probe are rapidity of measurement, low-cost meters, and the avoidance of radiation. Thus far, the probe has been excessively sensitive to variations in the roughness of pavement surfaces. The theory behind these research methods is discussed, the methods are described, and the results of laboratory tests conducted at the Texas Transportation Institute in 1994–1995 and field tests performed in Finland in 1995 are presented.

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