scholarly journals Blind Watermarking of Color Medical Images Using Hadamard Transform and Fractional-Order Moments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7845
Author(s):  
Mostafa M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Khalid M. Hosny ◽  
Nabil A. Lashin ◽  
Mostafa M. Fouda
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Hadamard Transform ◽  
Blind Watermarking ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Hadamard Transformation ◽  
Blind Extraction ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Geometrical Attacks

This paper proposes a new blind, color image watermarking method using fast Walsh–Hadamard transformation (FWHT) and multi-channel fractional Legendre–Fourier moments (MFrLFMs). The input host color image is first split into 4 × 4 non-interfering blocks, and the MFrLFMs are computed for each block, where proper MFrLFMs coefficients are selected and FWHT is applied on the selected coefficients. The scrambled binary watermark has been inserted in the quantized selected MFrLFMs coefficients. The proposed method is a blind extraction, as the original host image is not required to extract the watermark. The proposed method is evaluated over many visual imperceptibility terms such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), normalized correlation (NC), and bit error rate. The robustness of the proposed method is tested over several geometrical attacks such as scaling, rotation, cropping, and translation with different parameter values. The most widely recognized image processing attacks are also considered, e.g., compressing and adding noise attacks. A set of combination attacks are also tested to analyze the robustness of the proposed scheme versus several attacks. The proposed model’s experimental and numerical results for invisibility and robustness were superior to the results of similar watermarking methods.

scholarly journals Blind Color Image Watermarking Using Fan Beam Transform and QR Decomposition

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Pranab Kumar Dhar ◽  
Pulak Hazra ◽  
Tetsuya Shimamura
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Triangular Matrix ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Qr Decomposition ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Multimedia Contents

Digital watermarking has been utilized effectively for copyright protection of multimedia contents. This paper suggests a blind symmetric watermarking algorithm using fan beam transform (FBT) and QR decomposition (QRD) for color images. At first, the original image is transferred from RGB to L*a*b* color model and FBT is applied to b* component. Then the b*component of the original image is split into m × m non-overlapping blocks and QRD is conducted to each block. Watermark data is placed into the selected coefficient of the upper triangular matrix using a new embedding function. Simulation results suggest that the presented algorithm is extremely robust against numerous attacks, and also yields watermarked images with high quality. Furthermore, it represents more excellent performance compared with the recent state-of-the-art algorithms for robustness and imperceptibility. The normalized correlation (NC) of the proposed algorithm varies from 0.8252 to 1, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) varies from 54.1854 to 54.1892, and structural similarity (SSIM) varies from 0.9285 to 0.9696, respectively. In contrast, the NC of the recent state-of-the-art algorithms varies from 0.5193 to 1, PSNR varies from 38.5471 to 52.64, and SSIM varies from 0.9311 to 0.9663, respectively.

scholarly journals Digital Color Image Watermarking Using Encoded Frequent Mark

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Mohammed Salih ◽  
Salih Hassan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Watermark Image ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Algorithm Efficiency ◽  
Media And Communication

With the increased development in digital media and communication, the need for methods to protection and security became very important factor, where the exchange and transmit date over communication channel led to make effort to protect these data from unauthentication access. This paper present a new method to protect color image from unauthentication access using watermarking. The watermarking algorithm hide the encoded mark image in frequency domain using Discrete Cosine Transform. The main principle of the algorithm is encode frequent mark in cover color image. The watermark image bits are spread by repeat the mark and arrange in encoded method that provide algorithm more robustness and security. The proposed algorithm efficiency is measured by using many of measurement factors such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio PSNR and Normalized Correlation Coefficient NC, the watermark robustness and feasibility are measured by using many types of attacks.  

The Approach of Cutting Attack Resistant Color Image Watermarking

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 1908-1911
Author(s):  
Li Jun Ding ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Hao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Complex Space ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Color Theory ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Information Image ◽  
Svd Method ◽  
Real Complex ◽  
Rgb Image

This paper proposed a new method of cutting attack resistant for color image. The RGB image based on three-color theory was transformed and mapped into the real/complex space, which was composed of intensity-number space and color-number space. The watermark information was embedded into the principle component data of intensity-number space, which was extracted by SVD method. And the color image was attacked by 5 types cutting, the extracted watermarking information image had high value of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), moreover, it also had the similarity value between the original watermark and the extracted watermark. The experiment results demonstrated its’ robustness, effectiveness and rationality.

scholarly journals Contourlet transform and adaptive neuro-fuzzy strategy–based color image watermarking

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
M Senthilkumar ◽  
PS Periasamy
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Hardware Description ◽  
Assessment Metrics ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

In the today Internet era, protection of digital content during transmission is an indigent. Alphanumeric watermarking is a resolution to the copyright defense than the endorsement of information into the system. In exhibit watermarking calculation, wellbeing of such watermarking process is moderately low. For expanding the soundness, an approach is presented, which is contourlet change with neuro-fuzzy-based watermark inserting process. The conventional approaches having loss during data recovery, this situation will be resolved using proposed watermarking scheme and also increase the security of watermarked image. The proposed color image watermarking scheme binary image is embedded over the shading image which utilizes contourlet and converse contourlet calculation for preprocessing of an image and neuro-fuzzy calculation to implant the bits in the green plane of an image. After completing the watermarking process, the results are analyzing using the quality assessment metrics like Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE) etc., It is implemented using MATLAB R2013 software. The developed MATLAB code is converted into Hardware Description Language (HDL) and then implemented for Virtex-5 L110T Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) kit.

Color image watermarking using spatio-chromatic complex Hadamard transform in sequency domain

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dure Jabeen ◽  
S.M. Ghazanfar Monir ◽  
Shaheena Noor ◽  
Muhammad Rafiullah ◽  
Munsif Ali Jatoi
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Hadamard Transform ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Orthogonal Transforms

Purpose Watermarking technique is one of the significant methods in which carrier signal hides digital information in the form of watermark to prevent the authenticity of the stakeholders by manipulating different coefficients as watermark in time and frequency domain to sustain trade-off in performance parameters. One challenging component among others is to maintain the robustness, to limit perceptibility with embedding information. Transform domain is more popular to achieve the required results in color image watermarking. Variants of complex Hadamard transform (CHT) have been applied for gray image watermarking, and it has been proved that it has better performance than other orthogonal transforms. This paper is aimed at analyzing the performance of spatio-chromatic complex Hadamard transform (Sp-CHT) that is proposed as an application of color image watermarking in sequency domain (SD). Design/methodology/approach In this paper, color image watermarking technique is designed and implemented in SD using spatio-chromatic – conjugate symmetric sequency – ordered CHT. The color of a pixel is represented as complex number a*+jb*, where a* and b* are chromatic components of International Commission on Illumination (CIE) La*b* color space. The embedded watermark is almost transparent to human eye although robust against common signal processing attacks. Findings Based on the results, bit error rate (BER) and peak signal to noise ratio are measured and discussed in comparison of CIE La*b* and hue, saturation and value color model with spatio-chromatic discrete Fourier transform (Sp-DFT), and results are also analyzed with other discrete orthogonal transforms. It is observed from BER that Sp-CHT has 8%–12% better performance than Sp-DFT. Structural similarity index has been measured at different watermark strength and it is observed that presented transform performs better than other transforms. Originality/value This work presents the details and comparative analysis of two orthogonal transforms as color image watermarking application using MATLAB software. A finding from this study demonstrates that the Complex Hadamard transform is the competent candidate that can be replaced with DFT in many signal processing applications.

scholarly journals Computationally Efficient Robust Color Image Watermarking Using Fast Walsh Hadamard Transform

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suja Kalarikkal Pullayikodi ◽  
Naser Tarhuni ◽  
Afaq Ahmed ◽  
Fahad Shiginah
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Hadamard Transform ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Walsh Hadamard Transform
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