Real and Imagined Smellscapes

The smellscape is the olfactory environment as perceived and understood, consisting of odours and scents from multiple smell sources. To what extent can audiovisual information evoke the smells of a real, complex, and multimodal environment? To investigate smellscape imagination, we compared results from two studies. In the first, onsite participants (N = 15) made a sensory walk through seven locations of an open-air market. In the second, online participants (N = 53) made a virtual walk through the same locations reproduced with audio and video recordings. Responses in the form of free-form verbal annotations, ratings with semantic scales, and a ‘smell wheel’, were analysed for environmental quality, smell source type and strength, and hedonic tone. The degree of association between real and imagined smellscapes was measured through canonical correlation analysis. Hedonic tone, as expressed through frequency counts of keywords in free-form annotations was significantly associated, suggesting that smell sources might generally be correctly inferred from audiovisual information, when such imagination is required. On the other hand, onsite ratings of olfactory quality were not significantly associated with online ratings of audiovisual reproductions, when participants were not specifically asked to imagine smells. We discuss findings in the light of cross-modal association, categorisation, and memory recall of smells.

Reliability analysis of complex water distribution systems: the role of the network connectivity and tanks

A reliable water distribution network (WDN) can provide an adequate supply service to customers under both normal and abnormal working conditions. The WDN reliability analysis, therefore, is a keystone to improve the supply service efficiency. Strategies for reliability analysis are usually proved on small WDNs, which do not compare with large real complex systems in terms of number of water tanks, pressure reduction valves, variable speed pumps, controlled devices and possible alternative water supply schemes. The topological changes due to pipeline interruptions impact on emptying–filling of water tanks and network pressure status. This work proposes a two-level procedure for mechanical reliability assessment, suited for large real WDNs. It leverages a path/connectivity-based approach to set up reliability indicators for global-level analysis and local screening of the most critical scenarios. The employed advanced hydraulic model includes the automatic detection of topological changes and the robust modelling of water level in tanks using the generalized global gradient algorithm. The extended period simulation enables the reliability assessment of alternative water supply schemes and the sensitivity of tanks and controlled devices to single failure events. The procedure is demonstrated on a real complex network, being consistent with the ongoing digital transition in the WDN management sector.

Dynamics of quantum correlations in a qubit-qutrit spin system under random telegraph noise

We study the dimensionless time evolution of the logarithmic negativity and geometric quantum discord of a qubit-qutrit XXX spin model under the both Markovian and non-Markovian noise channels. We find that at a special temperature interval the quantum entanglement based on the logarithmic negativity reveals entanglement sudden deaths together with revivals. The revival phenomenon is due to the non-Markovianity resulting from the feedback effect of the environment. At high temperatures, the scenario of death and revival disappears. The geometric quantum discord evolves alternatively versus time elapsing with damped amplitudes until the system reaches steady state. It is demonstrated that the dynamics of entanglement negativity undergoes substantial changes by varying temperature, and it is much more fragile against the temperature rather than the geometric quantum discord. The real complex heterodinuclear [Ni(dpt (H2O)Cu(pba)]·2H2O [with pba =1,3-propylenebis(oxamato) and dpt = bis-(3-aminopropyl)amine] is an experimental representative of our considered bipartite qubit-qutrit system that may show remarkable entanglement deaths and revivals at relatively high temperatures and high magnetic field that is comparable with the strength of the exchange interaction J between Cu+2 and Ni+2 ions, i.e., kBT ≈ J and μBB ≈ J.

4-dimensional lattice models for the quantum range

Some finite subspace models L are presented for quantum structures which replace the use of countable infinite Hilbert space H dimensions. A maximal Boolean sublattice, called block, is 24, where its four atoms directly above 0εL, base vectors of H in 24 are drawn as four points on an interval. Blocks can overlap in one or two atoms. Different kinds of operators can map one block onto another and interpretations are given such that subspaces can carry on their base vector tuple real, complex or quaternionic numbers, energies, symmetries and generate coordinate lines. Describing states of physical systems is done using L and its applications for dynamical modelling. They don‘t need the infinte dimensional vectors of H. L has in the first model 11 blocks and 24 atoms (figure 1). They correspond to the 24 elements of the tetrahedral S4 symmetry. S4 arises from a spin-line rgb-graviton whirl operator with center at the tip of a tetrahedron and a nucleon triangle base with three quarks as vertices. The triangles factor group D3 of S4 is due to the CPT Klein normal subgroup Z2 x Z2 of S4 . It has a strong interaction SI rotor for the nucleons inner dynamics which is used for integrating functions, exchanging energies of nucleon with its environment and setting barycentrical coordinates in the triangle. At their intersection B as barycenter sets a Higgs boson or field the rescaled quark mass of a nucleon. Each factor class of one element from D3 assigns to it a color charge, a coordinate, an energy vector and a symmetry. Symmetries attached can be different according to interactions involved. Every atom of L has then a specific character with different properties.Three characters are added to octonian base vectors, listed by their indices as n = 0,1,…,7, and named for the atoms of L as na, nb, nc. The structure and element attributes of the finite subspace lattices L are desribed in many examples and models which technical constructed run macroscopically. Several models are described below. Example, the color charge whirl as rgb-graviton projection operator maps the block 2c3b5a6a to 0a1a2a3a. The symmetries change dimension from 3x3- to 2x2-matrices. From SU(3) are λ1 on 3b mapped to the SU(2) x-coordinate Pauli matrix σ1, from λ2 on 5a to σ2 y-coordinate and from λ3 on 6a to σ3 z-coordinate of real Euclidean space R³. The SU(3) matrices have complex w3 = z +ict, w2 = (iy,f), w1 = (x,m) coordinates. In figure 3 is shown how a rotation of two proton tetrahedrons for fusion changes the two linearly independent wj vectors to the 1-dimensional x,y,z base vectors. In deuteron then on one coordinate line sit with Cooper paire u-d-quarks at the ends the Heisenberg coupled energy or space vector rays 15 (x,m), m mass measured in kg, x in meter, 23 (iy,E(rot)), E(rot) rotational energy measured in Joule J, y in meter, 46 (ict,f), t time measured in seconds, f = 1/∆t frequency s inverse time interval measured in Hz. The six color charges are red r on +x as octonian coordinate 1, green g on +y as 2 , blue b on -z as 6, turquoise on -x as 5, magenta on -y as 3, yellow on +z as 4..

On an Extension of a Hardy-Hilbert-Type Inequality with Multi-Parameters

Making use of weight coefficients as well as real/complex analytic methods, an extension of a Hardy–Hilbert-type inequality with a best possible constant factor and multiparameters is established. Equivalent forms, reverses, operator expression with the norm, and a few particular cases are also considered.