scholarly journals Supervisory Algorithm for Autonomous Hemodynamic Management Systems

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Eric J. Snider ◽  
Saul J. Vega ◽  
Evan Ross ◽  
David Berard ◽  
Sofia I. Hernandez-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Combat Trauma ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Closed Loop Systems ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
Target Pressure ◽  
Delivery Of Medical Care ◽  
Combat Casualties ◽  
Future Work

Future military conflicts will require new solutions to manage combat casualties. The use of automated medical systems can potentially address this need by streamlining and augmenting the delivery of medical care in both emergency and combat trauma environments. However, in many situations, these systems may need to operate in conjunction with other autonomous and semi-autonomous devices. Management of complex patients may require multiple automated systems operating simultaneously and potentially competing with each other. Supervisory controllers capable of harmonizing multiple closed-loop systems are thus essential before multiple automated medical systems can be deployed in managing complex medical situations. The objective for this study was to develop a Supervisory Algorithm for Casualty Management (SACM) that manages decisions and interplay between two automated systems designed for management of hemorrhage control and resuscitation: an automatic extremity tourniquet system and an adaptive resuscitation controller. SACM monitors the required physiological inputs for both systems and synchronizes each respective system as needed. We present a series of trauma experiments carried out in a physiologically relevant benchtop circulatory system in which SACM must recognize extremity or internal hemorrhage, activate the corresponding algorithm to apply a tourniquet, and then resuscitate back to the target pressure setpoint. SACM continues monitoring after the initial stabilization so that additional medical changes can be quickly identified and addressed, essential to extending automation algorithms past initial trauma resuscitation into extended monitoring. Overall, SACM is an important step in transitioning automated medical systems into emergency and combat trauma situations. Future work will address further interplay between these systems and integrate additional medical systems.

Essential Features and Critical Issues With Educational Chatbots

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-262
Author(s):  
Jeremy Riel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Formal Learning ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Teacher Instruction ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Future Work

Conversational agents, also known as chatbots, are automated systems for engaging in two-way dialogue with human users. These systems have existed in one form or another for at least 60 years but have recently demonstrated significant potential with advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies. The use of conversational agents or chatbots for education can potentially reduce costs and supplement teacher instruction in transformative ways for formal learning. This chapter examines the design and status of chatbots and conversational agents for educational purposes. Common design functions and goals of educational chatbots are described, along with current practical applications of chatbots for educational purposes. Finally, this chapter considers issues about pedagogical commitments, ethics, and equity to suggest future work in the field.

scholarly journals Combat trauma-associated invasive fungal wound infections: epidemiology and clinical classification

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. WEINTROB ◽  
A. B. WEISBROD ◽  
J. R. DUNNE ◽  
C. J. RODRIGUEZ ◽  
D. MALONE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Combat Trauma ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Combat Casualties

SUMMARYThe emergence of invasive fungal wound infections (IFIs) in combat casualties led to development of a combat trauma-specific IFI case definition and classification. Prospective data were collected from 1133 US military personnel injured in Afghanistan (June 2009–August 2011). The IFI rates ranged from 0·2% to 11·7% among ward and intensive care unit admissions, respectively (6·8% overall). Seventy-seven IFI cases were classified as proven/probable (n = 54) and possible/unclassifiable (n = 23) and compared in a case-case analysis. There was no difference in clinical characteristics between the proven/probable and possible/unclassifiable cases. Possible IFI cases had shorter time to diagnosis (P = 0·02) and initiation of antifungal therapy (P = 0·05) and fewer operative visits (P = 0·002) compared to proven/probable cases, but clinical outcomes were similar between the groups. Although the trauma-related IFI classification scheme did not provide prognostic information, it is an effective tool for clinical and epidemiological surveillance and research.

Operator-Automation Interaction in Agricultural Vehicles

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Sanchez ◽  
Jerry R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Agricultural Vehicles ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Transportation ◽  
Manufacturing Environments ◽  
Tools And Methods

Over the last 25 years, considerable research has been conducted in an effort to understand human behavior in automated systems. These efforts have yielded a number of valuable findings about the overall nature of human-automation interaction across a wide range of domains, such as aviation, surface transportation, medical systems, manufacturing environments, and maritime vehicles. In this article, we provide an overview of another domain that has been heavily influenced by automation: agricultural vehicles. We share some observations about the impacts of automation on human behavior within this domain, discuss some of the tools and methods being used to investigate these issues, and speculate about the lessons to be learned about human-automation interaction from this arena.

scholarly journals Using Automated Agents to Teach Negotiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 9888-9889
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Automated Negotiation ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Personalized Feedback ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Salary Negotiation ◽  
Negotiation Agents ◽  
Future Work

Negotiation is an integral part of our daily lives regardless of occupation. Although ubiquitous to our experience, we are never taught to negotiate. This lack of training presents many consequences from unfair salary negotiation to geopolitical ramification. The ability to resolve conflicts and negotiate is becoming more critical due to the rise of automated systems which look to replace various repetitive task jobs. In hopes of improving human negotiation skills, my work seeks to develop automated negotiation agents capable of providing personalized feedback. In this paper, I provide an overview of my past , current, and future work.

Pelvic Binder Utilization in Combat Casualties: Does It Matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-877
Author(s):  
William J. Parker ◽  
Robert W. Despain ◽  
Adam Delgado ◽  
Carlos J. Rodriguez ◽  
Dean Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Pubic Symphysis ◽  
Combat Trauma ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Pubic Symphysis Diastasis ◽  
Pelvic Binder ◽  
Initial Imaging ◽  
Combat Casualties

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilization of pelvic binders, the proper placement of binders, and to determine any differences in blood product transfusions between combat casualties with and without a pelvic binder identified on initial imaging immediately after the injury. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all combat-injured patients who arrived at our military treatment hospital between 2010 and 2012 with a documented pelvic fracture. Initial imaging (X-ray or computed tomography) immediately after injury were evaluated by 2 independent radiologists. Young-Burgess (YB) classification, pelvic diastasis, correct binder placement over the greater trochanters, and the presence of a pelvic external fixator (ex-fix) was recorded. Injury severity score (ISS), whole blood, and blood component therapy administered within the first 24-hours after injury were compared between casualties with and without a pelvic binder. Results 39 casualties had overseas imaging to confirm and radiographically classify a YB pelvic ring injury. The most common fracture patterns were anteroposterior (53%) and lateral compression (28%). 49% (19/39) did not have a binder or ex-fix identified on initial imaging or in any documentation after injury. Ten patients had a binder, with 30% positioned incorrectly over the iliac crest. ISS (34 ± 1.6) was not statistically different between the binder and the no-binder group. Pubic symphysis diastasis was significantly lower in the binder group (1.4 ± 0.2 vs 3.7 ± 0.5, P < .001). There was a trend toward decreased 24-hour total blood products between the binder and no-binder groups (75 ± 11 vs 82 ± 13, P = .67). This was due to less cryoprecipitate in the binder group (6 ± 2 vs 19 ± 5, P = .01). Conclusions Pelvic binder placement in combat trauma may be inconsistent and an important area for continued training. While 24-hour total transfusions do not appear to be different, no-binder patients received significantly more cryoprecipitate.

Does One Bad Machine Spoil the Bunch?: A Review of Trust in Multiple-Component Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1546-1550
Author(s):  
Jeremy Lopez ◽  
Richard Pak
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dominant Strategy ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Unanswered Question ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Multiple Component ◽  
Faulty Component ◽  
Future Work

Human-automation interactions are rapidly transitioning from single-component automated systems to multiple-component systems. The human-automation literature has yet to adequately explore trust within multiple-component systems. A currently unanswered question is whether one faulty component causes an operator to lose trust in that one component (Component-Specific Trust; CST) or in every component in the system (System-Wide Trust; SWT). The goals of this paper were to 1) summarize the current work on trust in multiple-component systems, and 2) identify any trends that emerge during the literature review. We reviewed 17 experimental studies that tested whether operators tend to adopt CST or SWT under different conditions. Overall, most studies suggest that operators adopt SWT. However, studies that provided the operator with high decisional freedom and more time with the automated systems suggest that CST is the dominant strategy. Future work should explicitly test these and other variables that may promote users to adopt CST.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Pay-for-Performance Schemes and Their Potential Impacts on Health Systems and Outcomes for Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kwadwo Kyeremanteng ◽  
Raphaëlle Robidoux ◽  
Gianni D’Egidio ◽  
Shannon M. Fernando ◽  
David Neilipovitz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
Benchmark Structures

Pay-for-performance (P4P) programs have been introduced into the Canadian medical system in the last decades. This paper examines the underlying characteristics of P4P and describes both their advantages and drawbacks. Most P4P programs provide the advantage of rewarding medical acts, thus providing an incentive to take on complex patients. There is a variety of nuanced P4P initiatives, which provide financial incentive according to differing criteria, based on quality measures, incentives, and/or benchmark structures. However, there is no conclusive evidence demonstrating that P4P programs provide better value for money than traditional pay schemes, regardless of particular structural choices. Some evidence has even shown that P4P may be detrimental, especially in disadvantaged and high-risk populations. Additionally, there are a number of ethical and practical concerns that arise with the use of P4P, such as the risk of financial incentives being misused or misinterpreted and patients being refused or referred during treatment. P4P initiatives require careful examination and the creation of solid, evidence-based criteria for evaluation and implementation in Canadian medical systems.

Present status of radio astrometry with baselines ≤ 35 km

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
Future Work

A summary of results for radio astrometry with baselines ≤ 35 km and priorities for future work are given.

A Phonomotor Approach to Apraxia of Speech Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2109-2130
Author(s):  
Lauren Bislick
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Future Work

Purpose This study continued Phase I investigation of a modified Phonomotor Treatment (PMT) Program on motor planning in two individuals with apraxia of speech (AOS) and aphasia and, with support from prior work, refined Phase I methodology for treatment intensity and duration, a measure of communicative participation, and the use of effect size benchmarks specific to AOS. Method A single-case experimental design with multiple baselines across behaviors and participants was used to examine acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of treatment effects 8–10 weeks posttreatment. Treatment was distributed 3 days a week, and duration of treatment was specific to each participant (criterion based). Experimental stimuli consisted of target sounds or clusters embedded nonwords and real words, specific to each participants' deficit. Results Findings show improved repetition accuracy for targets in trained nonwords, generalization to targets in untrained nonwords and real words, and maintenance of treatment effects at 10 weeks posttreatment for one participant and more variable outcomes for the other participant. Conclusions Results indicate that a modified version of PMT can promote generalization and maintenance of treatment gains for trained speech targets via a multimodal approach emphasizing repeated exposure and practice. While these results are promising, the frequent co-occurrence of AOS and aphasia warrants a treatment that addresses both motor planning and linguistic deficits. Thus, the application of traditional PMT with participant-specific modifications for AOS embedded into the treatment program may be a more effective approach. Future work will continue to examine and maximize improvements in motor planning, while also treating anomia in aphasia.

Comparison between two automated systems to determine specific IgE: CAP and ELItest

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1420-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. BRUNNEE ◽  
A. SEEBERGER ◽  
J. KLEINE-TEBBE ◽  
G. KUNKEL
Keyword(s):  
Specific Ige ◽  
Automated Systems
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document