What, Who, and When? The Perceptions That Young Drivers and Parents Have of Driving Simulators for Use in Driver Education

Driver education providers may utilise technologies such as driving simulators to augment their existing courses. Understanding the perceptions that young drivers and parents have of simulators may help to make simulator-based driver education more accepted and more likely to be effective. Young drivers and parents completed an online questionnaire that included a “simulator invention” visualisation task. Items based on the Goals for Driver Education framework investigated perceptions of the most appropriate skill type, while others examined the most suitable target group for simulator training, and timing in relation to completing a formal driver education course for simulator training to occur. Both groups perceived that simulators were most appropriate for training a combination of physical, traffic, psychological, and social driving skills with learner drivers during attendance at a novice driver education program. Young drivers and parents had similar perceptions regarding the amount that each skill type should be trained using a simulator. Understanding the perceptions of young drivers and parents, and especially those who are somewhat naïve to the use of driving simulators, may aid in the introduction and administration of simulator training and may increase the effectiveness of driver education as a crash countermeasure.

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Research agenda for an improved Novice Driver Education Program

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e477182008-001 ◽

1994 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael F. Smith

Keyword(s):

Education Program ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Driver Education ◽

Novice Driver

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Novice driver education model curriculum outline

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e415252008-001 ◽

2013 ◽

Keyword(s):

Driver Education ◽

Model Curriculum ◽

Novice Driver ◽

Education Model

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Effectiveness of a Multistage Driver Education Program for Novice Drivers

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e578522012-039 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Stanley ◽

Jessica Mueller

Keyword(s):

Education Program ◽

Driver Education ◽

Novice Drivers

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The Importance of Sustainability in Diving Tourism—The Case of German Speaking Diving Tourists

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6485

Author(s):

Alexander Hodeck ◽

Jacqueline Tuchel ◽

Luisa Hente ◽

Christine von Reibnitz

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Target Group ◽

Conjoint Measurement ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Ecological Aspects ◽

Sports Tourism ◽

German Speaking ◽

Group A ◽

Sustainable Behavior

Sustainability in sports tourism has increased in recent years. Sustainability is a particular focus for diving tourism. This paper analyses the meaning of sustainability to German speaking diving tourists to draw conclusions for the development of tourism strategies. Based on a literature review on the importance of sustainability in diving tourism, an empirical study was designed to understand the importance of the topic within the target group. A total of 174 German-speaking diving tourists were surveyed using an online-questionnaire. The subjects were clustered regarding their sustainable behavior. It could be shown that there is a correlation between age as well as gender and sustainable behavior. A conjoint measurement showed that for diving tourists, ecological aspects are more important than the prize of a diving trip. The gained insights can contribute to establish new and more sustainable offers in diving tourism and thus developing this area of sports tourism more sustainably overall.

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Comparison of the Effect of Two Driving Retraining Programs on On-Road Performance After Stroke

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/1545968309334208 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 699-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Hannes Devos ◽

Abiodun Emmanuel Akinwuntan ◽

Alice Nieuwboer ◽

Mark Tant ◽

Steven Truijen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Simulator Training ◽

Road Test ◽

Item Score ◽

Driving Skills ◽

Subacute Stroke

Background. Several driving retraining programs have been developed to improve driving skills after stroke. Those programs rely on different rehabilitation concepts. Objectives. The current study sought to examine the specific carryover effect of driving skills of a comprehensive training program in a driving simulator when compared with a cognitive training program. Methods. Further analysis from a previous randomized controlled trial that investigated the effect of simulator training on driving after stroke. Forty-two participants received simulator-based driving training, whereas 41 participants received cognitive training for 15 hours. Overall performance in the on-road test and each of its 13 items were compared between groups immediately posttraining and at 6 months poststroke. Results. Generalized estimating equation analysis showed that the total score on the on-road test and each item score improved significantly over time for both groups. Those who received driving simulator training achieved better results when compared with the cognitive training group in the overall on-road score and the items of anticipation and perception of signs, visual behavior and communication, quality of traffic participation, and turning left. Most of the differences in improvement between the 2 interventions were observed at 6 months poststroke. Conclusions . Contextual training in a driving simulator appeared to be superior to cognitive training to treat impaired on-road driving skills after stroke. The effects were primarily seen in visuointegrative driving skills. Our results favor the implementation of driving simulator therapy in the conventional rehabilitation program of subacute stroke patients with mild deficits.

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Evaluation of a European-wide survey on paediatric endoscopy training

Frontline Gastroenterology ◽

10.1136/flgastro-2018-101007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 188-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ilse Julia Broekaert ◽

Joerg Jahnel ◽

Nicolette Moes ◽

Hubert van der Doef ◽

Angela Ernst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Society ◽

Training Programme ◽

General Information ◽

Simulator Training ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Endoscopy Training ◽

Procedural Volume ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ileal Intubation

ObjectiveTo evaluate quality of paediatric endoscopy training of Young members of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN).MethodsAn online questionnaire designed by the Young ESPGHAN Committee was sent to 125 Young ESPGHAN members between February 2014 and September 2015. The questionnaire comprised 32 questions addressing some general information of the participants and the structure of their paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition programmes; procedural volume and terminal ileal intubation (TII) rate; supervision, assessments, participation in endoscopy courses and simulator training; and satisfaction with endoscopy training and self-perceived competency.ResultsOf 68 participants, 48 (71%) were enrolled in an official training programme. All alumni (n=31) were trained in endoscopy. They completed a median of 200 oesophagogastroduodenoscopies (OGDs) and 75 ileocolonoscopies (ICs) with a TII rate of >90% in 43%. There is a significant difference in numbers of ICs between the TII rate groups >90%, 50%–90% and <50% (median 150 vs 38 vs 55) (p<0.001). 11 alumni (35%) followed the ESPGHAN Syllabus during training. 25 alumni (81%) attended basic skills endoscopy courses and 19 (61%) experienced simulator training. 71% of the alumni were ‘(very) satisfied’ with their diagnostic OGD, while 52% were ‘(very) satisfied’ with their IC training. The alumni felt safe to independently perform OGDs in 84% and ICs in 71% after their training.ConclusionsDespite reaching the suggested procedural endoscopy volumes, a rather low TII rate of >90% calls for end-of-training certifications based on the achievement of milestones of competency.

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Field Driving Test Situations for Ml Tank Drivers

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193128302700704 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 545-545

Author(s):

Susan L. Burroughs ◽

Roy C. Campbell ◽

Charlotte H. Campbell ◽

C. Mazie Knerr

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Driving Performance ◽

Simulator Training ◽

Survey Analysis ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Driving Skills ◽

Driver Performance ◽

General Field

The presentation deals with the testing of Ml tank drivers and focuses on the requirement to establish reliable measures of nonprocedural portions of the tank driver's job. Tests of tank driving skills have been difficult to develop because of situational reliability problems. Actual conduct of the tests with 60 ton tanks change the driving terrain for each subsequent subject. Further, problems of rater reliability in the use of observational ratings and checklists have been encountered. The purposes of the present study were (a) to develop test methodologies for tank driving that would enable these problems to be overcome and (b) to evaluate these methodologies by developing and assessing a battery of on–tank tests of nonprocedural, tactical Ml tank driving skills. Eleven driving tasks for which tests were to be developed were derived from an ARI criticality survey. Analysis of the tasks resulted in decisions to test nine of the tasks, but only those aspects that related to the driver and that were feasible for testing. Five of the tests were Obstacle/Judgment tests, and four were Tactical tests. The tests were tried out on 77 soldiers in two Ml OSUT classes (none of the soldiers took all the tests). The data were used to assess scorer agreement and internal consistency, to estimate utility based on reliability and variability, and to direct revisions and recommendations for future testing. For each of the nine tests, the data indicated that driver performance could be measured reliably. Both the Obstacle/Judgment tests and Tactical tests had been designed so that usable quantitative data could be obtained, and for every test, refinements were suggested based on data and on informal observations. For two of the Tactical tests, an innovative scoring technique using an Ml tank profile overlay was explored. Despite high ratings in the criticality survey, one Obstacle/Judgment test was recommended for deletion. While more replications and developmental refinements of the tests are needed, the analysis and development performed have produced tests that are already minimally reliable. The tests were designed for use in measuring on–tank driving performance against which to assess driver simulator training. They may also be useful in general field applications for training.

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The Promise of Virtual Reality Headsets: Can They be Used to Measure Accurately Drivers’ Hazard Anticipation Performance?

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198119847612 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (10) ◽

pp. 455-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ganesh Pai Mangalore ◽

Yalda Ebadi ◽

Siby Samuel ◽

Michael A. Knodler ◽

Donald L. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Dependent Measure ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Driving Simulators ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Young Drivers ◽

The Difference ◽

Open Road ◽

Measures Of Performance

The objective of the current study is to evaluate the use of virtual reality (VR) headsets to measure driving performance. This is desirable because they are several orders of magnitude less expensive than simulators and, if validated, could greatly extend the powers of simulation. Out of several possible measures of performance that could be considered for evaluating VR headsets, the current study specifically examines drivers’ latent hazard anticipation behavior both because it has been linked to crashes and because it has been shown to be significantly poorer in young drivers compared with their experienced counterparts in traditional driving simulators and in open road studies. In a between-subject design, 48 participants were equally and randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions—two young driver cohorts (18–21 years) and two middle-aged driver cohorts (30–55 years) navigating either a fixed-based driving simulator or a VR headset-based simulator. All participants navigated six unique scenarios while their eyes were continually tracked. The proportion of latent hazards anticipated by participants which constituted the primary dependent measure, was found to be greater for middle-aged drivers than young drivers across both platforms. The difference in the magnitude of performance between the young and middle-aged drivers was similar across the two platforms. The study provides some justification for the use of VR headsets as a way of understanding drivers’ hazard anticipation behavior.

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