scholarly journals Examining the Roles and Consequent Decision-Making Processes of High-Level Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Paul Downes ◽  
Dave Collins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Dynamic Decision Making ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Performance Domains ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Research into sports coaches has identified the valuable role they play concerning social support provided to athletes together with their contribution to social and cultural interactions within both the participation and performance domains. The purpose of the present study was to qualitatively extract and examine the knowledge and on-task cognitions of high-level coaches (HLCs) within strength and conditioning (S and C). Applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA) was used to examine ten HLCs, each purposefully sampled to reflect over eight years of work in full time environments. The analysis of responses demonstrated HLCs engage in a pattern of innovative and diverse thinking, together with adaptability and multilevel planning, designed to promote an inclusive approach from performers, coaches and management. Commonality was demonstrated within the decision making of HLCs during the design of training programs. Communication was another important consideration when connecting with athletes, observing athletes, speaking to the head coach and integrating their approach with others. A confident, flexible approach to adapting to situational demands was evident and supported by the ability to recall and select from a wide range of previously learnt and tested strategies. Evidence is offered for the importance of interpersonal and social factors in HLCs’ relationships with athletes and coaches. The incorporation of strategies to support versatile, dynamic decision making within future S and C coach development materials will support more impactful performances by coaches at all stages of the coaching process.

scholarly journals Exploring the Decision Making Processes of Early Career Strength and Conditioning Coaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Downes P.W. ◽  
Collins D
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Coach Development ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The role of Strength and Conditioning coaches within sporting environments is growing in importance and more attention is being directed towards acknowledging the characteristics and decision making processes of these coaches.  To date, most of the research has been with experienced coaches thus created a need to better understand those coaches at the early stages of their career.  The present study utilised Applied Cognitive Task Analysis to elicit knowledge from eight strength and conditioning coaches with less than three years full time experience.  Methods applied identified that less experienced strength and conditioning coaches operate in predominately stable conditions and feel comfortable delivering within this stability. Interviews revealed early career coaches to prioritise movement qualities and rely on previously acquired theoretical knowledge to make predetermined decisions on training content and responses within environments.  A final theme generated demonstrated that connections with athletes were important for coaches to feel confident within their role.  Implications for future coach development materials exploring the use of metacognition and its associated components of planning, monitoring and evaluation discussed.

Health Policy in East Asia: Objectives, Priorities and Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Gyu-Jin Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Social Rights ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Welfare Capitalism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Arrangements ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

This article aims to identify how the economies that do not necessarily prioritise social rights in their social policy arrangements fare in achieving various healthcare objectives. The big five of East Asian countries – China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore plus Hong Kong – are considered as such cases. It first highlights a wide range of variations in their healthcare offerings. It then shows that, contrary to the common belief, they constitute a surprisingly high level of redistributive elements in them. Deviating from their overall welfare regime characteristics, each healthcare system presents a unique combination of policy objectives in social, medical, economic and political terms, raising a question of the utility of social rights as a central conceptual lens to understand the world of welfare capitalism.

scholarly journals Understanding the gendered coaching workforce in Spanish sport

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Hinojosa-Alcalde ◽  
Ana Andrés ◽  
Pedrona Serra ◽  
Anna Vilanova ◽  
Susanna Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Factors ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Coach Education ◽  
Assistant Coaches ◽  
Performance Domains ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gender Influences ◽  
Status Of Women

The present study focuses on the demographic and labor characteristics of coaches in Spain. Kanter’s theory on occupational sex segregation will be used as a guiding framework. The study was conducted with 1685 coaches (82.3% men and 17.7% women) from different sports and performance domains. The results show that there is an underrepresentation of women as coaches in Spain and data highlight that coaches’ gender is related to three structural factors: opportunity, power, and proportion. The present data reveal that women are younger, less likely to be in a marriage-like relationship, less likely to have children, and more likely to have competed at a high level as an athlete when compared to their male counterparts. However, fewer women than men access and participate in coach education in Catalonia and the working status of women was different to that of men. To expand, women worked less hours, were more likely to be assistant coaches, and had less years of coaching experience. Understanding of how gender influences women’s access, progression, and retention in coaching in Spain illustrates the need for gender sport policies and practices in sport organizations. This approach can benefit not only women, but the diversity and enrichment of the coaching system.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MAXIMAL ISOMETRIC STRENGTH ON 20-METER SPRINT TIME

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Álvaro Huerta Ojeda ◽  
Daniel Jerez-Mayorga ◽  
Sergio Galdames Maliqueo ◽  
Darío Martínez García ◽  
Ángela Rodríguez-Perea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Force ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Introduction The squat is an exercise that is widely used for the development of strength in sports. However, considering that not all sports gestures are vertical, it is important to investigate the effectiveness of propulsive force stimuli applied in different planes. Objective The main purpose of this study was to determine the influence of maximum isometric force (MIF) exerted on starting blocks over performance in 5, 10 and 20-meter sprints. Methods Seven high-level male sprinters (mean age ± SD = 28 ± 5.77 years) participated in this study. The variables were: a) MIF in squats and on starting blocks (measured using a functional electromechanical dynamometer [FEMD]), b) time in 5, 10 and 20-m sprints and c) jump height (measured by the squat jump test). For data analysis, a Pearson correlation was performed between the different variables. The criteria for interpreting the strength of the r coefficients were as follows: trivial (<0.1), small (0.1−0.3), moderate (0.3−0.5), high (0.5−0.7), very high (0.7−0.9), or practically perfect (>0.9). The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results There was very high correlation between MIF exerted on starting blocks and performance in the first meters of the sprint (5-m: r = -0.84, p = 0.01). However, there was small correlation between MIF in squats and performance in the first meters of the sprint (5-m: r = -0.22, p < 0.62). Conclusion The MIF applied on starting blocks correlates very high with time in the first meters of the sprint in high-level athletes. In addition, the use of the FEMD provides a wide range of possibilities for evaluation and development of strength with a controlled natural movement. Level of evidence IV; Prognostic Studies - Case series.

Criminal Juries in the 21st Century

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Just Decisions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Right

The jury is often celebrated as an important symbol of American democracy. Yet much has changed since 1791 when the Sixth Amendment guaranteed all citizens the right to a jury trial in criminal prosecutions. Psychological and legal scholars have empirically evaluated many claims about the strengths and limitations of the jury system. Now, scientific attention is focusing on new challenges that contemporary juries face. The authors of the chapters in this volume consider myriad legal issues that arise when jurors decide criminal cases while reviewing cutting-edge psychological research and ways that this research can improve the experience and performance of the modern criminal jury. The first part of this book reviews recent societal shifts in attitudes and their potential impact on the demographic and ideological composition of the criminal jury and, in turn, the jury’s ability to make fair and just decisions. The second part of the book considers how recent technological advances have generated new sources of influence on jurors’ evaluations of evidence and decision-making. The final part of the book examines how emotions impact the jury decision-making process and individual citizens’ experiences of serving as jurors. Each of these sets of issues is relevant to understanding the structure, functioning, and performance of today’s juries. This volume offers a unique and broad view of criminal juries, drawing attention to a wide range of issues that impact jurors’ decision-making in the 21st century and, thus, are in need of theoretical, scientific, and legal attention.

Feedback Frequency Effect on Performance Time in Dynamic Decision Making Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Nakkyeong Choi ◽  
Rohae Myung
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dynamic Decision Making ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Successful Work ◽  
Activation Theory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Feedback Frequency

Decision support such as feedback has been considered to be crucial for successful work in many important Dynamic Decision Making (DDM) tasks. However, previous research did not consider the effect of feedback frequency on the performance time which, in conjunction with accuracy, is an important measure of the task performance evaluation in DDM. Therefore, in order to accurately evaluate task performance in a DDM, not only the accuracy of performance, but also the time to perform the task should be considered. This paper will examine the effect of feedback frequency on the task performance time in DDM. Drawing from activation theory (Anderson, 2009), we hypothesized that frequent feedback induces cognitive overload, resulting in learning degradation, and thus producing a U-shaped relationship with performance time. In order to test this hypothesis, we have experimented with the DDM simulation where the frequency of feedback was manipulated. The results demonstrate that there is U-shaped relationship between feedback frequency and performance time ( R2= 0.746, p < 0.01). Our findings show that providing excessively frequent feedback to an operator negatively affects performance time.

scholarly journals Sizing and Balancing of a Semi-Automated Line for Automotive Electric Motors by Means of Ergonomic and Performance Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2305-2317
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Discrete Event Simulations ◽  
Manufacturing Line ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ergonomic Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University ◽  
Automated Line

Smart mobility has become more and more critical during the last years, being one of the most keyways to reduce and regulate vehicular traffic and relevant environmental pollution. In this context, the University of Bergamo participates in a broad project promoted by Brembo S.p.A., a well-known Italian automotive company specialized in vehicles' braking systems, aimed at the synergistic development of the design of brushless electric motor for braking and the relevant production process. The present paper concerns the design phase of the manufacturing line and, in particular, the sizing and the balancing of the line itself. The production line is a semi-automated one, hence many different scenarios have been considered, according to the number of operators and to the number of machines assigned to each operator. The method applied for the design process is based on the application of discrete – event simulations; as a tool for the analysis of each scenario, FlexSim software has been used. The high number of workstations involved, the evaluation of the ergonomics and productivity of each single task, and the use of a wide range of indexes as assessment criteria lead to an activity characterized by a high level of complexity. The operators' ergonomic analysis refers to the ISO standard related to the evaluation of the ergonomic risks and on the operator's walking distance covered during the shift. The paper ends showing how it is possible to define the best scenario, taking into consideration such indexes which concern productivity, ergonomics, optimal balancing of the operators and the distance travelled by the operators during the shift.

Utility of Expert Cue Exposure as a Mechanism to Improve Decision-Making Performance Among Novice Criminal Investigators

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben W. Morrison ◽  
Mark W. Wiggins ◽  
Natalie M. V. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Assessment Skills ◽  
Cue Recognition ◽  
Criminal Investigators ◽  
High Level

The research tested whether systematic exposure to expert-identified cues would improve novice criminal investigators’ cue recognition and, in turn, decision making. Two studies are reported, the first of which was a pre- to postexposure assessment of 20 novices’ cue recognition. This involved testing novices’ recognition (accuracy and latency) of pairings of text-based labels (elicited via cognitive task analyses with subject matter experts) prior to and following an exposure phase. The results revealed statistically significant improvements in comparison with a control group. In the second study, an assessment of 36 novices’ decision-making performance was undertaken prior to and following cue-based exposure (either expert or control cues). Participants engaged one of two decision tasks, which varied in the level of decision support offered: high (i.e., most pertinent features were highlighted for users) or low (i.e., features were naturally “embedded” in the task environment). Although participants receiving expert cue exposure demonstrated improvements in decision-making efficiency, advances in accuracy could be established only where a high level of support was offered. It was concluded that expert cue exposure can offer opportunities for learner development; however, a combination of exposure programs and decision support systems offers the greatest potential in improving the situation assessment skills of less experienced investigators.

scholarly journals Exploring the skill of recruiting in the Australian Football League

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare MacMahon ◽  
Aisling Bailey ◽  
Morag Croser ◽  
Juanita Weissensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Decision Style ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Australian Football League ◽  
Australian Football ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was designed to explore the skill of recruiting in the professional Australian Football League, with a particular interest in the approach to decision making and information processing. The research design utilised semi-structured interviews and a survey instrument. A total of 12 participants comprised of 11 active head recruiters representing 11 Australian Football League Clubs, and one former expert Australian Football League recruiter undertook semi-structured, in-depth interviews to provide insight into recruitment decision making. Additionally, all participants completed a survey determining preferences for intuitive and deliberative decision-making styles. A model created represents the identification of four influential factors in the recruitment approach including (a) recruiter background; (b) recruiter attributes; (c) recruiter understanding of team needs and (d) recruiter–coach relationship. In particular, recruiters revealed that the style of decision making they use is influenced by the relationship with the head coach. Recruiting as a stand-alone position is not well understood. This work shows that both intuition and deliberation are used, the extent to which appears to be influenced by the recruiter–coach relationship. This work offers a strong base to further explore recruiting and talent identification in professional sport, and, particularly, how relationships influence decision style and performance.

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