Utility of Expert Cue Exposure as a Mechanism to Improve Decision-Making Performance Among Novice Criminal Investigators

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben W. Morrison ◽  
Mark W. Wiggins ◽  
Natalie M. V. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Assessment Skills ◽  
Cue Recognition ◽  
Criminal Investigators ◽  
High Level

The research tested whether systematic exposure to expert-identified cues would improve novice criminal investigators’ cue recognition and, in turn, decision making. Two studies are reported, the first of which was a pre- to postexposure assessment of 20 novices’ cue recognition. This involved testing novices’ recognition (accuracy and latency) of pairings of text-based labels (elicited via cognitive task analyses with subject matter experts) prior to and following an exposure phase. The results revealed statistically significant improvements in comparison with a control group. In the second study, an assessment of 36 novices’ decision-making performance was undertaken prior to and following cue-based exposure (either expert or control cues). Participants engaged one of two decision tasks, which varied in the level of decision support offered: high (i.e., most pertinent features were highlighted for users) or low (i.e., features were naturally “embedded” in the task environment). Although participants receiving expert cue exposure demonstrated improvements in decision-making efficiency, advances in accuracy could be established only where a high level of support was offered. It was concluded that expert cue exposure can offer opportunities for learner development; however, a combination of exposure programs and decision support systems offers the greatest potential in improving the situation assessment skills of less experienced investigators.

Prioritization of IT Product Backlog Items Using Decision Support Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 631-640
Author(s):  
T. K. Kravchenko ◽  
◽  
S. N. Bruskin ◽  
D. V. Isaev ◽  
E. V. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
User Stories ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
Support Methods

The article focuses on the application of decision support systems for prioritization of product backlog items in IT projects implemented using the Scrum methodology. The study identified the features of prioritization of different types of the product backlog items — user stories, epics and themes. It is justified that high-level product backlog items (epics and themes) require comprehensive prioritization, due to the following reasons. First, high-level product backlog items are particularly important because they determine the planning and implementation of detailed user stories within individual sprints. Second, any high-level item can be considered in terms of different criteria. Third, the implementation of epics and themes takes longer time compared to the implementation of user stories, so it is necessary to take into account possible future states of the project's environment. Fourth, prioritizing epics and themes requires increased objectivity and validity, so group decision making with participation of several experts seems reasonable. Taking into consideration the aforementioned features the conclusion regarding limitations of existing methods of prioritization is made. It is argued that prioritization of high-level product backlog items (epics and themes) may be performed using multi-criteria decision making methods with availability of several problem situations (possible future states of the environment), as well as involvement of several experts. The idea of applying decision support methods and systems is illustrated on the appropriate example. It is also argued that increased consumption of time and resources related with setting and solving decision support tasks may be considered as acceptable for high-level product backlog items.

scholarly journals Examining the Roles and Consequent Decision-Making Processes of High-Level Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Paul Downes ◽  
Dave Collins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Dynamic Decision Making ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Performance Domains ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Research into sports coaches has identified the valuable role they play concerning social support provided to athletes together with their contribution to social and cultural interactions within both the participation and performance domains. The purpose of the present study was to qualitatively extract and examine the knowledge and on-task cognitions of high-level coaches (HLCs) within strength and conditioning (S and C). Applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA) was used to examine ten HLCs, each purposefully sampled to reflect over eight years of work in full time environments. The analysis of responses demonstrated HLCs engage in a pattern of innovative and diverse thinking, together with adaptability and multilevel planning, designed to promote an inclusive approach from performers, coaches and management. Commonality was demonstrated within the decision making of HLCs during the design of training programs. Communication was another important consideration when connecting with athletes, observing athletes, speaking to the head coach and integrating their approach with others. A confident, flexible approach to adapting to situational demands was evident and supported by the ability to recall and select from a wide range of previously learnt and tested strategies. Evidence is offered for the importance of interpersonal and social factors in HLCs’ relationships with athletes and coaches. The incorporation of strategies to support versatile, dynamic decision making within future S and C coach development materials will support more impactful performances by coaches at all stages of the coaching process.

scholarly journals Developing Students' Psychological Readiness to Make Decisions in Extreme Coaching Situations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Oksana Khurtenko ◽  
Anatolii Shuldyk ◽  
Maya Zubal ◽  
Iryna Raytarovska ◽  
Alla Senyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Formative Experiment ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
Difficult Situations

Most prospective coaches are not fully ready to manage sports teams under extreme conditions and cannot make quick decisions in difficult situations. The article aims to develop students’ psychological readiness to make decisions in extreme coaching situations. The formative experiment involved 50 students (25 respondents in the experimental group; 25 respondents in the control group). It became possible to develop operational readiness in prospective coaches by conducting special classes on the development of decision-making skills, self-reflection, self-regulation (theoretical classes and a set of exercises aimed at developing the necessary qualities). The final stage of the experiment shows that the number of EG students with a high level of anxiety has decreased by 16%. At the same time, the expert assessment shows that their capacity for self-regulation in extremely competitive situations has increased by 20%. The group of students’ leading motives includes the following: to achieve the set goals; to win; to enjoy the team’s victory; to prove oneself and test one’s abilities as a coach in extreme situations. In extreme professional situations, the leading motives behind coaches’ decisions involve achieving the set goals and enjoying the team’s victory. There were no significant differences in decision-making motivation among students (both males and females). However, almost every third student has a low level of motivation for competition.

Being Certain About Uncertainty: How the Representation of System Reliability Affects Pilot Decision Making

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Banbury ◽  
Stephen Selcon ◽  
Mica Endsley ◽  
Tessa Gorton ◽  
Kerry Tatlock
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Uncertainty ◽  
Secondary Target ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Primary Identification ◽  
High Level

The present study investigated how pilot decision making is affected by the manner in which the decision support information regarding system reliability is presented, by requiring aircrew participants to respond to a machine-identified target with a “shoot/no shoot” decision. The study investigated whether the provision of an alternate option to the primary identification would affect the decision to shoot, especially if this secondary option was either another enemy aircraft or a friendly fighter. In addition, two different representations were evaluated; one in which the information was presented as system uncertainty; and the other in which it was presented as system confidence. The results indicated that decision making behaviour changed when the system explicitly identified a friendly aircraft as the secondary target — prior willingness to fire on a target with a relatively high level of uncertainty disappeared. The time taken to make the decision was also found to be mediated by what information was given. These results are interpreted in the light of current trends in decision support development and design guidelines are discussed.

scholarly journals AHP-based support tools for initial screening of manufacturing reshoring decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Movin Sequeira ◽  
Per Hilletofth ◽  
Anders Adlemo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Decision Support Tools ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Priority Weights ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
High Level

Purpose The existing literature expresses a strong need to develop tools that support the manufacturing reshoring decision-making process. This paper aims to examine the suitability of analytical hierarchy process (AHP)-based tools for initial screening of manufacturing reshoring decisions. Design/methodology/approach Two AHP-based tools for the initial screening of manufacturing reshoring decisions are developed. The first tool is based on traditional AHP, while the second is based on fuzzy-AHP. Six high-level and holistic reshoring criteria based on competitive priorities were identified through a literature review. Next, a panel of experts from a Swedish manufacturing company was involved in the overall comparison of the criteria. Based on this comparison, priority weights of the criteria were obtained through a pairwise analysis. Subsequently, the priority weights were used in a weighted-sum manner to evaluate 20 reshoring scenarios. Afterwards, the outputs from the traditional AHP and fuzzy-AHP tools were compared to the opinions of the experts. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the stability of the developed decision support tools. Findings The research demonstrates that AHP-based support tools are suitable for the initial screening of manufacturing reshoring decisions. With regard to the presented set of criteria and reshoring scenarios, both traditional AHP and fuzzy-AHP are shown to be consistent with the experts' decisions. Moreover, fuzzy-AHP is shown to be marginally more reliable than traditional AHP. According to the sensitivity analysis, the order of importance of the six criteria is stable for high values of weights of cost and quality criteria. Research limitations/implications The limitation of the developed AHP-based tools is that they currently only include a limited number of high-level decision criteria. Therefore, future research should focus on adding low-level criteria to the tools using a multi-level architecture. The current research contributes to the body of literature on the manufacturing reshoring decision-making process by addressing decision-making issues in general and by demonstrating the suitability of two decision support tools applied to the manufacturing reshoring field in particular. Practical implications This research provides practitioners with two decision support tools for the initial screening of manufacturing reshoring decisions, which will help managers optimize their time and resources on the most promising reshoring alternatives. Given the complex nature of reshoring decisions, the results from the fuzzy-AHP are shown to be slightly closer to those of the experts than traditional AHP for initial screening of manufacturing relocation decisions. Originality/value This paper describes two decision support tools that can be applied for the initial screening of manufacturing reshoring decisions while considering six high-level and holistic criteria. Both support tools are applied to evaluate 20 identical manufacturing reshoring scenarios, allowing a comparison of their output. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates the relative importance of the reshoring criteria.

scholarly journals Assessing Decision Support Needs of those in Mental Health Crisis Utilizing Cognitive Task Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Johnson ◽  
Ann M. Bisantz ◽  
Amy L. Reynolds ◽  
Scott T. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
User Testing ◽  
Health Crisis

Extended Abstract Previous research has shown that mental health diagnoses can impact cognitive functioning and decision-making abilities (Bosaipo et al 2017; Stergiopoulos et al 2015; Bora and Pantelis 2015; Rock et al 2014). Decision making difficulties can be particularly problematic when individuals in mental health crises are faced with decisions about their safety and wellbeing. Despite research establishing cognitive and decision-making difficulties for this population, there is an absence in the literature concerning decision support needs of those individuals. Human factors professionals possess a unique set of methods and skills to address these needs and support individuals to make healthier, safer decisions using the latest technologies. This research was part of a larger project aimed at design of a decision support based mobile application that would support individuals during mental health crises. Other phases of the research will include additional user requirements gathering, iterative prototyping, heuristic evaluation, and user testing.

scholarly journals Effect of Cold on Proprioception and Cognitive Function in Elite Alpine Skiers

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Racinais ◽  
Nadia Gaoua ◽  
Khouloud Mtibaa ◽  
Rodney Whiteley ◽  
Christophe Hautier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Alpine Skiers ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Elite Skiers

Purpose:To determine the effect of cold ambient conditions on proprioception and cognitive function in elite alpine skiers.Methods:22 high-level alpine skiers and 14 control participants performed a proprioceptive-acuity (active movement-extent discrimination) and a cognitive (planning task) test in cold (8°C) and temperate (24°C) ambient conditions.Results:All participants displayed an increase in thermal discomfort and the amount of negative affects in the cold environment (all P < .05). Average proprioceptive acuity was significantly better in the elite skiers (0.46° ± 0.12°) than in the control group (0.55° ± 0.12°) (P < .05) and was not affected by cold ambient conditions, except for a shift in the pattern of error (over- vs underestimation, P < .05). Cognitive performance was similar between elite skiers and control participants in temperate environments but decreased in the cold in the control group only (P < .05) becoming lower than in elite skiers (P < .05).Conclusion:Elite alpine skiers showed a significantly better proprioceptive acuity than a control population and were able to maintain their performance during a cognitive task in a cold environment.

scholarly journals Effects of patients’ hospital discharge preferences on uptake of clinical decision support

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247270
Author(s):  
James C. Cox ◽  
Ira L. Leeds ◽  
Vjollca Sadiraj ◽  
Kurt E. Schnier ◽  
John F. Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Clinical Decision Support ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Standardized Patients ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Control Group

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services identified unplanned hospital readmissions as a critical healthcare quality and cost problem. Improvements in hospital discharge decision-making and post-discharge care are needed to address the problem. Utilization of clinical decision support (CDS) can improve discharge decision-making but little is known about the empirical significance of two opposing problems that can occur: (1) negligible uptake of CDS by providers or (2) over-reliance on CDS and underuse of other information. This paper reports an experiment where, in addition to electronic medical records (EMR), clinical decision-makers are provided subjective reports by standardized patients, or CDS information, or both. Subjective information, reports of being eager or reluctant for discharge, was obtained during examinations of standardized patients, who are regularly employed in medical education, and in our experiment had been given scripts for the experimental treatments. The CDS tool presents discharge recommendations obtained from econometric analysis of data from de-identified EMR of hospital patients. 38 clinical decision-makers in the experiment, who were third and fourth year medical students, discharged eight simulated patient encounters with an average length of stay 8.1 in the CDS supported group and 8.8 days in the control group. When the recommendation was “Discharge,” CDS uptake of “Discharge” recommendation was 20% higher for eager than reluctant patients. Compared to discharge decisions in the absence of patient reports: (i) odds of discharging reluctant standardized patients were 67% lower in the CDS-assisted group and 40% lower in the control (no-CDS) group; whereas (ii) odds of discharging eager standardized patients were 75% higher in the control group and similar in CDS-assisted group. These findings indicate that participants were neither ignoring nor over-relying on CDS.

scholarly journals PERAN AKUNTAN MANAJEMEN PADA PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN BISNIS DI INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Sutjipto Ngumar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Interpersonal Skill ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Job Effectiveness ◽  
High Level

Now days Indonesia is shaking monetary crisis, which results many problems in the corporate, both on riil or service sector. In order the corporate able be competition fairly, Management Accountant’s role as one of manager in the corporate necessaries work professionaly. Facing the corporate competition, price sales is more dominated by demand approach than cost production approach.To get the competition cost price, the corporate had to make cross function, so that can be reached cost efficiency and job effectiveness. Management Accountant’s role not only as accounting data suplier, but he or she must be involved in decision making process. In this globalization era, Management Accountant has a role as a high level decision support specialis. Forward Management Account must have quality and role on interpersonal skill, work ethic and leadership.

scholarly journals Training-dependent transfer within a set of nested tasks

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182199377
Author(s):  
Joseph P Rennie ◽  
Jonathan Jones ◽  
Duncan E Astle
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Assessment Task ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Extended Practice ◽  
Feature Overlap ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Training

Extended practice on a particular cognitive task can boost the performance of other tasks, even though they themselves have not been practised. This transfer of benefits appears to be specific, occurring most when tasks are very similar to those being trained. But what type of similarity is most important for predicting transfer? This question is addressed with a tightly controlled randomised design, with a relatively large sample ( N = 175) and an adaptive control group. We created a hierarchical set of nested assessment tasks. Participants then trained on two of the tasks: one was relatively “low” in the hierarchy requiring just simultaneous judgements of shapes’ spikiness, whereas the other was relatively “high” requiring delayed judgements of shapes’ spikiness or number of spikes in a switching paradigm. Using the full complement of nested tasks before and after training, we could then test whether and how these “low” and “high” training effects cascade through the hierarchy. For both training groups, relative to the control, whether or not an assessment task shared a single specific feature was the best predictor of transfer patterns. For the low-level training group, the overall proportion of feature overlap also significantly predicted transfer, but the same was not true for the high-level training group. Finally, pre-training between-task correlations were not predictive of the pattern of transfer for either group. Together these findings provide an experimental exploration of the specificity of transfer and establish the nature of task overlap that is crucial for the transfer of performance improvements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document