scholarly journals Traditional Male Role Norms and Sexual Prejudice in Sport Organizations: A Focus on Italian Sport Directors and Coaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Anna Lisa Amodeo ◽  
Sabrina Antuoni ◽  
Manuela Claysset ◽  
Concetta Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Sexual Prejudice ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Male Role Norms ◽  
Role Norms

Despite the common belief that sport is an excellent instrument to promote social inclusion, distal minority stressors, such as homophobic slurs and insulting or degrading comments, are frequently reported in sport contexts. The aim of this contribution was to expand previous knowledge on negative attitudes toward sexual minorities (gay and lesbian people) in sport-related contexts, by examining how staff employed in organizational sport contexts scored on three different dimensions of sexual prejudice toward sexual minority athletes: open rejection (i.e., blatant prejudice), denial of visibility (i.e., negative attitudes toward the coming out), and gendering performance (i.e., gender stereotypes about sport performance and skills). Furthermore, we examined the relationship between traditional norms of masculinity and dimensions of sexual prejudice. The sample consisted of 178 Italian sport directors and coaches who were asked to complete an online survey (70 women and 108 men, mostly aged from 38 to 65 years old). A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that participants scored higher on denial of visibility, with respect to open rejection and gendering performance, independently of gender and sport role. The structural equation model showed that endorsing traditional male role norms was significantly associated with open rejection and gendering performance, whereas no significant association was found with denial of visibility. The findings provide further evidence that sexual prejudice is prevalent in sport organizations, supporting the importance of raising awareness among sports personnel about prejudiced beliefs that may lead minority people to experience severe stress-inducing situations.

Development and validation of a five-item Male Role Norms Inventory using bifactor modeling.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryon C. McDermott ◽  
Ronald F. Levant ◽  
Joseph H. Hammer ◽  
Nicholas C. Borgogna ◽  
Daniel K. McKelvey
Keyword(s):  
Male Role ◽  
Male Role Norms ◽  
Bifactor Modeling ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Role Norms

Male Role Norms Scale

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Thompson ◽  
Joseph H. Pleck
Keyword(s):  
Male Role ◽  
Male Role Norms ◽  
Role Norms

scholarly journals Men’s Psychotherapy Use, Male Role Norms, and Male-Typical Depression Symptoms: Examining 716 Men and Women Experiencing Psychological Distress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Lukas Eggenberger ◽  
Callia Fordschmid ◽  
Claudio Ludwig ◽  
Seraina Weber ◽  
Jessica Grub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Gender Role Identity ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Masculine Role ◽  
Male Role Norms ◽  
Depression Symptomatology ◽  
Role Norms

Men as compared to women are half as often affected by depressive and anxiety disorders and seek significantly less help for mental health issues than women. Adherence to traditional male role norms (AtTMRN) may hinder men from describing prototypical depression symptoms and from seeking psychotherapy. The current study compared whether AtTMRN, gender role identity, or the experience of prototypical or male-typical externalizing mental health symptoms were associated with psychotherapy use in men and women. In an anonymous online survey, 716 participants (37% men) reporting to currently experience psychological distress were examined. Information was obtained on psychotherapy use, depression and anxiety symptoms, gender role identity, and traditional male role norms. Although experiencing similar levels of depression, men compared to women showed a reduction in psychotherapy use by 29%. Masculine role identity was directly associated with reduced psychotherapy use in men (β = −0.41, p = 0.029), whereas AtTMRN was not (men: β = −0.04, p = 0.818; women: β = −0.25, p = 0.064). Higher externalizing depression symptomatology (β = −0.68, p = 0.005), but not prototypical depression symptomatology (β = −0.02, p = 0.499), was associated with reduced psychotherapy use in men but not women (p > 0.05). Interactions revealed that men, but not women, with high AtTMRN use psychotherapy only when exhibiting elevated symptom levels. The results corroborate previous reports showing reduced psychotherapy use in men as compared to women and identify elevated masculine role identity and male-typical externalizing depression symptomatology as direct factors associated with reduced psychotherapy use in psychologically distressed men. AtTMRN interacts with mental health symptoms to predict psychotherapy use, indicating that men with high AtTMRN only use psychotherapy when exhibiting high symptomatology.

More on The Structure of Male Role Norms

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann R. Fischer ◽  
David M. Tokar ◽  
Glenn E. Good ◽  
Andrea F. Snell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Masculinity Ideology ◽  
Male Role Norms ◽  
Role Norms ◽  
Best Fit

This study assessed the structure of a widely used measure of masculinity ideology, the Male Role Norms Scale (Thompson & Pleck, 1986), using data from four samples of male college students (total N= 656) at two large, public universities (one Midwestern, one Eastern-Central). Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor model best fit the data in the exploratory sample (sample 1; N = 210). The four factors were Status/Rationality, Antifemininity, Tough Image, and Violent Toughness. A series of confirmatory factor analyses on a validation sample (samples 2, 3, and 4; N = 446), tested four models based on theory (i.e., Brannon, 1976) and previous research (i.e., Thompson & Pleck, 1986). Results from Study 1, our exploratory analysis, indicated that the four-factor model derived from the exploratory sample in Study 1 provided the best fit for the validation sample data of all models tested and also provided a good fit in absolute terms, according to several model–data fit indices. Implications for the assessment of masculinity ideology and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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