A Novel Monitoring System (AUT FIT) for Anthropometrics and Physical Fitness in Primary School Children in Austria: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Monitoring of anthropometric and physical fitness parameters in primary school children is important for the prevention of future health problems. Many of the existing test batteries that are useful for monitoring require expensive test materials, specialized test administrators, and a lot of space. This limits the usefulness of such tests for widespread use. The aim of this pilot study was to design and evaluate monitoring tools for anthropometrics and physical fitness tests in primary schools, called AUT FIT. The test battery consists of height, weight, and waist circumference measurement and eight fitness tests (6 min run, V sit-and-reach, jumping sideways, standing long jump, medicine ball throw, 4 × 10 m shuttle run, ruler drop, single leg stand). Data of 821 children aged 7 to 10 years were gathered. Most AUT FIT tests showed excellent test–retest and interrater reliability and were easy to implement. Criterion-related validity was evident by a strong correlation between physical education teacher rankings and rank scores for motor fitness. Nationwide implementation in the Austrian school system could be an important component for monitoring and improving the health and fitness of primary school children.

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Anaemia and Its Relation to Demographic, Socio-economic and Anthropometric Factors in Rural Primary School Children in Hai Phong City, Vietnam

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hoang ◽

Orellana ◽

Le ◽

Gibson ◽

Worsley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Economic Factor ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Microcytic Anaemia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normocytic Anaemia

Little is known about the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors in school children in Vietnam. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and its subtypes, and the associations of types of anaemia with demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric factors among 6–9-year-old primary school children in rural areas of Hai Phong City, Vietnam. Haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were measured, and demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric data were collected in 893 children from eight primary schools. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L) was 12.9% (95% CI: 8.1%, 19.9%), microcytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV < 80 fL) was 7.9% (95% CI: 5.3%, 11.6%) and normocytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV 80–90 fL) was 5.3% (95% CI: 2.9%, 9.5%). No child presented with macrocytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV > 90 fL). Children who were underweight, wasted, or in anthropometric failure (either underweight, stunted or wasted) were more likely to be anaemic (all p ≤ 0.004), and specifically, to have normocytic anaemia (all p ≤ 0.006), than those who were not underweight, wasted or in anthropometric failure. Stunted children were more likely to be anaemic (p = 0.018) than those who were not stunted. Overweight/obese children were less likely to be anaemic (p = 0.026) or have normocytic anaemia (p = 0.038) compared with children who were not overweight/obese. No anthropometric status indicator was associated with the risk of microcytic anaemia. No demographic or socio-economic factor was associated with any type of anaemia. Anaemia remains a public health issue in rural areas in Hai Phong City, Vietnam, and future approaches for its prevention and control should target undernourished primary school children.

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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Primary School Children Aged 8–13 Years in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Advances in Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/1345017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ismail N. Pangani ◽

Festus K. Kiplamai ◽

Jane W. Kamau ◽

Vincent O. Onywera

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Weight Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Cross Sectional

Background. The understanding of obesity as a growing health problem in Africa and Tanzania in particular is hampered by lack of data as well as sociocultural beliefs in which overweight and obesity are revered. This study sought to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children aged 8–13 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Method. A cross-sectional analytical research design was used to study overweight and obesity in primary schools in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The target population was 150,000 children aged 8–13 years. Stratified random sampling was used to select 1781 children. Weight and height were taken and WHO standards for children were used to determine weight status.Results. Findings showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.9% and 6.7%, respectively (N=1781). However, 6.2% of the children were underweight. There were significant differences in mean BMI between children in private and public schools (p=0.021), between male and female (p<0.001), and across age groups of 8–10 and 11–13 years (p<0.001).Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children is significant and requires management and prevention strategies.

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Factors Associated with Pediculosis Capitis among Primary School Children in Kuantan, Pahang

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v18i2.615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Siti Nur Madihah Che Rozela ◽

Nor Faiza Mohd Tohit ◽

Razman Mohd Rus

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Urban School ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Pediculosis Capitis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Location ◽

Validated Questionnaire

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis among primary school children is a worldwide problem which carries significant consequences among the school children and caregivers. Despite causing significant health problem which needs to be intervened, only few studies were conducted in Malaysia and there is no previous study conducted in Pahang. Thus, this study aims to investigate the determinants of prevalence of Pediculosis capitis among primary school children in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Materials and method: An analytical cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling of primary schools was carried out in Kuantan. Selfadministered validated questionnaire was used followed by hair and scalp examination. Multivariate logistics was done to determine the predictors and to control for confounding effect. Results: The overall median age of the 1,365 respondents was 8.0 years. Majority of them were males (53.41%), Malays (60.29%), household income between RM1000-RM2999 (31.87%) and from urban school location (98.68%). The overall prevalence of Pediculosis capitis was 9.6% (n=131). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female (Odds ratio (OR)=8.571, 95% Confidence interval (CI)=5.024-14.620), Indian (OR = 5.560, 95% CI=3.3849.136), those who had number of siblings more than five (OR = 2.644, 95% CI=1.0446.700), history of contact with infested person (OR=2.445, 95% CI=1.619-3.691) and urban school location (OR=0.030, 95% CI=0.284-0.091) were predictors for Pediculosis capitis. Conclusion: The prevalence of Pediculosis capitis among primary school children in Kuantan, Pahang is endemic(9.6%) and predictors are female, Indian, having siblings of more than 5 and contact with infested person. Hence, preventive measures are necessary to reduce the transmission of head lice among school children.

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Some Epidemiologic Aspects of Common Warts in Rural Primary School Children

ISRN Epidemiology ◽

10.5402/2013/283591 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Khaled Kasim ◽

Soliman Amer ◽

Mohamed Mosaad ◽

Alaa Abdel-Wahed ◽

Hazem Allam

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Child Labor ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Common Warts ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study

Cutaneous warts are common in children worldwide, although the prevalence figures are conflicting. There are few publications on that issue, particularly in rural Egypt. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of warts of hands in rural primary school children and to examine some risk factors associated with warts in these children. The study examined 1833 children from 15 rural primary schools in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt, for the presence of warts. Data about sociodemographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors were collected. Prevalence of warts was estimated. Appropriate statistical analyses including multivariate logistic regression were done. The prevalence of warts of hands in the studied children was 2.3% (1.3–3.3%) with no significant sex difference. The risk of warts increased significantly in children reported swimming in Nile channels (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 5.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.9–10.6) and child labor (adjusted OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 2.3–8.8). A ninety percent risk reduction was observed in children with educated parents. The study findings demonstrated a significant increase in the risk of warts among rural children reported swimming in Nile channels and child labor. Parents’ education, on the other hand, was found to play an important role in risk reduction.

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Prevalence, infection intensity and associated risk factors of Intestinal Schistosomiasis among primary school Children in Lira District, Northern Uganda

10.21203/rs.2.12679/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

John Paul Byagamy ◽

Geoffrey Maxwell Malinga ◽

Harriet Angwech ◽

Robert Opiro ◽

Richard Echodu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence, infection intensity and associated risk factors of intestinal schistosomiasis among primary school children in Lira district, Uganda. The study was conducted among 532 primary school pupils aged 6-16 years from eight randomly selected primary schools (March-May 2017). Stool samples were collected and examined for schistosomiasis using Odongo-Aginya method. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were obtained using questionnaires. Results: The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was 35.7% indicating a moderate infection. Both males and females were equally affected with S. mansoni . Ogur sub county had highest prevalence (42.1%) than others. Akangi and Akano primary schools both had highest (21.1%) prevalence compared to the others. Individuals aged 14-16 and 10-14 years had heavy infections (mean epg) of 600 and 565 eggs, respectively than those aged 6-9 years. With regard to risk factors, source of drinking water, sub-county location and primary school were associated with infection. Participants who fetch water from spring (85,44.7%) had higher infection than those who fetch from other sources. The study recommends provision of safe water, periodic treatment of school-aged children with praziquantel and public health education to reduce prevalence of S. mansoni .

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Prevalence of ear morbidities among school children in Delhi, India: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2020-0088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Himanshu Shekhar ◽

Anita Khokhar ◽

Gul Motwani ◽

Shailaja Daral

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary School Children ◽

World Health ◽

Health Examination ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ear Diseases

AbstractObjectivesHearing impairment and ear diseases are among the world’s leading causes of years lived with disability. Ear disorders are a major health problem in developing countries like India. The present research had been planned to screen the primary school children for ear morbidity and to study the various factors associated with ear morbidities so that corrective intervention can be initiated at the earliest.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among all primary school children of two schools in Aliganj, Delhi. Complete enumeration of all the school children of these two primary schools was planned for this study. Modified version of World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) “Ten Question Plus” screening instrument was used, followed by Otoscopy examination, in all children for confirmation of ear disease, if any. Descriptive data analysis was performed.ResultsOut of the total 430 study subjects, ear morbidities were found in 198 (46.0%) study participants. Presence of ear morbidity showed significant association with overcrowding, absence of a separate kitchen, passive smoking, feeding young child in lying down position, upper respiratory tract infection (URI)˃3 episodes/year and allergy (p<0.05).ConclusionsThis study has highlighted the need to detect ear diseases at the earliest thereby avoiding complications. The health examination in the schools must include screening students for ear diseases to reduce the burden of hearing disability. Inputs from the study may be used for effective prioritization and planning for prevention and management of ear diseases at the primary school level.

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Prevalence of Speech Sound Disorders among Primary School Children

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v9i3.283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 195-200

Author(s):

Iqra Aslam ◽

Nazia Mumtaz ◽

Ghulam Saqulain

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Speech Sound ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Communication Disorders ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Speech Sound Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio

Background: Communication Disorders are common and affect individual’s abilities to comprehend, detect and use language and speech, with speech sound disorders (SSD) being the most common communication issue of the youth. SSD is a disorder of development with difficulty in articulation and phonology affecting understanding and intelligibility of speech of a child. It affects the scholarly accomplishment in school as well. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of speech sound disorders among primary school going children. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, recruiting a sample of 377 children through probability sampling technique from May 2018 to December 2018. Students of both genders, aged 4 to 8 years, were enrolled from Government Primary Schools of Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab Pakistan. Students from private and special schools were excluded. Tool for Assessment of Articulation and Phonology in Urdu (TAAPU) was used to collect data, followed by data analysis using SPSS version 20. Results: Of 377 primary school children, 167(44.3%) were males and 210 (55.7%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.26. Speech Sound Disorder was detected in 5 (1.3%) children, 4 males and only 1 female. Of these 5 cases with SSD, 3 (60%) males suffered from substitution and 1(20%) from omission, while 1 (20%) female child suffered from substitution disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of Speech Sound Disorders in primary school children is very low being 1.3%, with significantly higher prevalence in males aged 61-72 months. “Substitution” of sounds is more common compared to “omission”.

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Visual impairment and associated factors among primary school children in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v20i1.60 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 533-542

Author(s):

Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel ◽

Mohammed Derese Biru ◽

Teshome Gensa Geta ◽

Birhan Abera Areru

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Visual impairment is one of the major public health problems worldwide, especially in developing countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its associated factors among school children in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in eight primary schools of Gurage Zone. A total of 1064 pupils, of whom589 boys and 475 girls were selected using multistage sampling technique. Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were collected using structured questionnaires and visual acuity was measured using Snellen’s chart. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors of visual impairment. Results: The prevalence of visual impairment was 5.2%. Factors significantly associated with visual impairment were age group of 13-18 years (AOR = 9.44, 95% CI = 3.83 – 23.25), school grade level of 5- 8 (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.23 – 7.17), rural residents (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.22 – 5.54), family’s monthly income of less than 2000 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.08 – 7.61) and visually impaired parents (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.06 – 4.39). Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of visual impairment was 5.2%. Keywords: Visual impairment; primary school children; Gurage Zone; Southern Ethiopia.

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Intestinal helminth infection and malnutrition among public primary school children in Ibadan, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.4314/njpar.v41i1.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

C. Nnolim ◽

T.A. Adekeye ◽

H.O. Awobode

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Local Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Helminth Infections

Intestinal helminthiasis associated with malnutrition in children remains endemic in developing countries despite considerable efforts at control. This study was carried out to determine the current prevalence status and the risk factors associated with intestinal helminth infections among primary school children in Ibadan. A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 5-16 year old pupils, from 7 primary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State. Microscopic examination of stool for ova was carried out using a formol-ether concentration technique. Predisposing risk factors were determined from questionnaire data while anthropometric indices consisting of weight, height and age were the measured indicators of the nutritional status. Of the 485 pupils examined, 187(38.6%) had helminth infections and the parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (35.9%), Strongyloides stercoralis (12.4%), hookworm (8.5%), Enterobius vermicularis (4.9%), Schistosoma mansoni (3.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.4%). More male pupils (52.9%, p = 0.05) than females (47.1%) had infections. Pupils aged between 9-12 years (p = 0.02) had highest (49.2%) infection rates. Infections were recorded in 13(18.57%) of 70 pupils treated with levamisole by the local health centres 2 weeks prior to this study. Wearing of footwear, parent’s occupation, drinking water sources, family size and toilet type were risk factors significantly associated (p<0.05) with infection in this study. The overall prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were 24.4%, 28.8% and 7.8% respectively, there was however, no statistical relationship (p>0.05) between the prevalence of infection and malnutrition. Intestinal helminthiasis is still prevalent in schoolchildren despite targeted chemotherapy. It is therefore suggested that chemotherapy should include all children in the communities along with continuous enlightenment to ensure the disruption of parasite transmission. Keywords: Intestinal helminths; school children; malnutrition; Ibadan; chemotherapy.

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Assessment of permanent teeth eruption in a sample of Egyptian primary school children

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa049.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M M Magdi ◽

N A Kotb ◽

U M Elbarrany ◽

H S Ramadan ◽

M A Mowafy

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Rural Children ◽

Related Factors ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Parents have often showed their interest in the tooth eruption timing. However, the literature suggests that tooth emergence standards should be derived from the population they are to be applied because emergence related factors may vary considerably in dentition. Timing of teeth emergence differs from population to population and can be affected by genetic and environmental factors. Both ethnic origin and gender can be attributed to genetic factors. Objectives The purpose of the present study was to find out the statistical correlation between age, sex and stature to eruption of permanent teeth in a sample of primary school children age (6-<13 years). Methodology: The present study was a cross sectional study that was conducted on 700 healthy school children aged 6 – <13 years selected from different primary schools in two governorates in Egypt; Behera governorate and Giza governorate. Assessment of age, sex and stature was performed through socio – demographic data, anthropometric measures and sequence of permanent teeth eruption. Results The first molars, central incisors, upper lateral incisors, lower canines, second premolars and second molars erupted earlier in Behera (Rural) children. The mandibular teeth tended to precede the maxillary teeth. In Giza (urban) children most of the teeth erupted earlier in girls. In Behera (Rural) children most of the teeth erupted earlier in boys. Conclusion Most of teeth erupted earlier in Behera (rural) and the majority erupted earlier in girls in Giza (urban) and in boys in Behera (rural).

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