scholarly journals Livelihood Assets and Strategies among Rural Households: Comparative Analysis of Rice and Dryland Terrace Systems in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lun Yang ◽  
Moucheng Liu ◽  
Fei Lun ◽  
Qingwen Min ◽  
Canqiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dynamic Conservation

The livelihood of peasant households is one of the selection criteria of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems and a critical factor that affects agricultural heritage system conservation and inheritance. Taking the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System (HHRTS) and Shexian Dryland Terraces System (SDTS) as examples, we investigated 304 households through a participatory rural appraisal method to discuss the livelihood assets and strategies of households in agricultural heritage systems. From the viewpoint of livelihood strategies, household strategies can be divided into pure agricultural, nonagricultural, and part-time agricultural strategies. The livelihood strategies of households in the HHRTS feature a higher proportion of nonagricultural, while those in the SDTS have a diverse distribution. With respect to livelihood assets, we constructed a livelihood assets accounting framework to highlight the important role of traditional culture and information technology in agricultural activities. The average livelihood assets value in the HHRTS and SDTS was 2.249 and 1.832, respectively. Then, applying the multinomial logit model, we quantitatively analyzed the relationship between livelihood assets and strategies. The results show that in both terrace systems, the understanding of traditional agricultural knowledge is important to suppress the shift of pure agricultural households to nonagricultural or part-time agricultural households. Therefore, in order to achieve dynamic conservation of terrace systems, it is necessary to effectively increase the cultural assets level of households, especially farmers’ understanding of traditional agricultural knowledge.

scholarly journals The Nexus between Rural Household Livelihoods and Agricultural Functions: Evidence from China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Bencheng Liu ◽  
Yangang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cultural Function ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Farming Households

Understanding the relationship between households’ livelihoods and agricultural functions is important for regulating and balancing households’ and macrosocieties’ agricultural functional needs and formulating better agricultural policies and rural revitalization strategies. This paper uses peasant household survey data obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and statistical analysis methods, to analyze the differences in livelihood assets and agricultural functions of households with different livelihood strategies and the relationship between livelihood assets and agricultural functions. Households are categorized based on their livelihood strategies as full-time farming households, part-time farming I households, part-time farming II households, and non-farming households. The agricultural product supply and negative effects of the ecological service function of full-time farming households are higher than those of part-time farming and non-farming households. Part-time farming I households have the strongest social security function, while non-farming households have the weakest social security function. Non-farming households have the strongest leisure and cultural function, while part-time farming I households have the weakest leisure and cultural function. Households’ demand for agricultural functions is affected by livelihood assets. Effective measures should be taken to address contradictions in the agricultural functional demands of households and macrosocieties.

Challenge-hindrance stressors and career initiative: a moderated mediation model

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Lei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mba Students ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Part Time ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between challenge-hindrance stressors and employees’ career initiative while incorporating the mediating role of positive affect and the moderating role of job autonomy.Design/methodology/approachFive proposed hypotheses were tested using path analysis with two waves of data collected from 136 part-time MBA students.FindingsThe findings show that challenge stressors indirectly facilitate career initiative, whereas hindrance stressors indirectly inhibit career initiative, both with positive affect as mediators. Job autonomy enhances the direct relationship between positive affect and career initiative, as well as the indirect relationships among challenge/hindrance stressors, positive affect and career initiative.Originality/valueThe study brings a new perspective to understanding why an employee conducts career initiative, thereby widening the scope of the antecedents of career initiative. The study discloses positive affect as the mediator that transmits the opposite effects from challenge-hindrance stressors to career initiative. It also identifies job autonomy as an important boundary condition for positive affect to exert its influence on career initiative, as well as challenge-hindrance stressors that influence career initiative via positive affect.

scholarly journals Livelihood Strategies of Rural Households in Ning’er Earthquake-Stricken Areas, Yunnan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyong Wei ◽  
Guiwu Su ◽  
Yingkui Li ◽  
Yuling Ma
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Livelihood Strategy ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Rural Buildings ◽  
The Status ◽  
Social Capitals ◽  
The Relationship

Natural hazards not only cause direct losses of household income and assets but also affect the choice and outcome of livelihood strategies. Based on the questionnaire survey from 2007 on Mw 6.1 Ning’er earthquake-hit areas in Southwest China, we analyzed the relationship between livelihood assets (or capitals) and livelihood strategies of local rural households and identified the main factors influencing the choice of livelihood strategy. The results indicate that statistically significant differences exist in livelihood assets among livelihood strategies. The choice of livelihood strategies is affected significantly by the status of livelihood assets. High financial capitals enable households to engage in higher-returns or capital-intensive livelihood activities. Improving vocational education and skills training for rural residents, especially for the youth, is also important in developing new livelihood strategies beyond their traditional lifestyle. Higher social capitals provide households the opportunity to select a higher return and income livelihood strategy. In addition, as part of efforts to enhance physical capitals, housing construction planning and technical guidance are of critical importance to improve the anti-seismic performance of rural buildings and decrease their livelihood risk in earthquake-prone areas. It is important for farmers to improve and diversify their livelihood strategies according to regional geographical environment and the comparative advantages of their own livelihood assets.

Dilettantismus oder „Nebenwerk“?

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-499
Author(s):  
Martin Mulsow
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Part Time Work

Dilettantism or “Nebenwerk”? A Gotha Proposal on the Position of Science at the Courts in the Late 18th Century This essay discusses the contents of a presumably collective program that Gotha intellectuals published in 1776. In the text under study, “Von der spielenden Gelehrsamkeit”, they seek to legitimate their scientific and scholarly part-time work in addition to their employment as court officials or professionals in the ducal residence. The text is polyphonious and seems to be based on compromises between different authors. Accordingly, it does not present a consistent argument. For the historian, the consistency of the text is less relevant than what it reveals about the precarious status of part-time science and how it was viewed by contemporaries. The authors of the proposal argue that a self-confident form of patriotism – a patriotism that is related to the princely territory – and the emphasis on practical applications could help to prevent science and scholarship from sliding into pedantic specialization. For the authors, however, this did not mean rejecting the micrology, the collection of seemingly insignificant individual observations. On the contrary: micrology should be possible precisely because the part-time scholars – through their work for the principality at court – would never lose sight of the big picture. In the previous research discussion about the role of dilettantism in the genesis of science, the question of the relationship between the main activity at court and the secondary activity, the Nebenwerk, as a scientist has so far been neglected. The text under discussion therefore throws an important light on the coupling attempts that have been made here between different social subsystems.

scholarly journals Explaining the entrepreneurial intentions of employees: The roles of societal norms, work-related creativity and personal resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 026624262199661
Author(s):  
Poh Yen Ng ◽  
Dirk De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Passion For Work

This article addresses the important question of why those in paid employment might be hesitant to start their own businesses. In particular, we predict how diminished work-related creativity of employees might mediate the relationship between their perceptions that societal norms do not support initiative taking and their own entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, we consider how risk tolerance and passion for work might buffer this process. Survey data, collected among public-sector employees in the United Arabic Emirates, confirm these predictions with the exception of indications for a buffering role of passion for work. For entrepreneurship stakeholders, this research reveals a critical factor – a diminished propensity to generate new ideas at work – by which employee beliefs about limited normative support for enterprising efforts may escalate into a reluctance to consider an entrepreneurial career. It also identifies how this process can be muted when employees are willing to take risks.

The theory of social capital in studying immigrant livelihoods

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Thuy Nguyen Thi Bich
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Career Experience ◽  
Livelihood Assets

Social capital is the term that receives lots of attention from Vietnamese and international authors. Social capital reduces the costs of economic transactions. It does not directly produce material and spiritual benefits, but converts it into other types of capital, thereby producing benefits. Social capital is important for immigrants in addition to other types of capital. The paper aims to analyze the theoretical views of different authors on social capital, livelihoods as well as the role of social capital in general and livelihoods of immigrants in particular. Using social capital in livelihood strategies has helped immigrants reduce costs in the addition of information on knowledge, career experience, procurement of livelihood assets; and find work, business cooperation,...

The training demand in organizational changes processes in the Spanish wine sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso J. Gil ◽  
Jorge L. Garcia-Alcaraz ◽  
Mara Mataveli
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wine Sector ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Training Demands ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of training demand in the organisational changes. Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes the demand of training courses in the Rioja wine sector in Spain and its relation with the changes in the sector carried out in recent years. Through a questionnaire, wineries’ managers asked about the training demand in the sector and change processes. It is proposed, first, the relationship between the demand for training and changes made by companies of Rioja wine in entering new markets and innovation in products and, second, that these changes explain the demand of training in marketing and oenology topics. To confirm the hypotheses, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Findings – It was found that the relationship between the demand for training and the processes of change, and that the change processes in companies of Rioja wine sector originate a specific demand for training. Practical implications – The paper provides a review of the importance of training in changes processes of companies. A critical factor in the change process is the development of workers competencies to cope with the changes in the organisation, but it is also important to develop a culture of change in the organisation. Originality/value – This paper provides empirical evidence of the relationship between organisational changes and training demands in a key sector from the Rioja Community in Spain.

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