scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of the Shape of Agricultural Products on the Example of Cucumber Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Anders ◽  
Dariusz Choszcz ◽  
Piotr Markowski ◽  
Adam Józef Lipiński ◽  
Zdzisław Kaliniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Electronic Caliper ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Area And Volume

The aim of the study was to build numerical models of cucumbers cv. Śremski with the use of a 3D scanner and to analyze selected geometric parameters of cucumber fruits based on the developed models. The basic dimensions of cucumber fruits–length, width and thickness—were measured with an electronic caliper with an accuracy of d = 0.01 mm, and the surface area and volume of fruits were determined by 3D scanning. Cucumber fruits were scanned with an accuracy of d = 0.13 mm. Six models approximating the shape of cucumber fruits were developed with the use of six geometric figures and their combinations to calculate the surface area and volume of the analyzed agricultural products were identified. The surface area and volume of cucumber fruits calculated by 3D scanning and mathematical formulas were compared. The surface area calculated with the model combining two truncated cones and two hemispheres with different diameters, joined base-to-base, was characterized by the smallest relative error of 3%. Fruit volume should be determined with the use of mathematical formulas derived for a model composed of an ellipsoid and a spheroid. The proposed geometric models can be used in research and design.

scholarly journals Numerical modelling of agricultural products on the example of bean and yellow lupine seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Anders ◽  
Zdzisław Kaliniewicz ◽  
Piotr Markowski
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yellow Lupine

Abstract Numerical models of bean seeds cv. Złota Saxa and yellow lupine seeds cv. Juno were generated with the use of a 3D scanner, the geometric parameters of seeds were determined based on the models developed, and compared with the results of digital image analysis and micrometer measurements. Measurements of seed length, width and thickness performed with the use of a micrometer, 3D scanner and digital image analysis produced similar results that did not differ significantly at α = 0.05. The micrometer delivered the simplest and fastest measurements. The mean surface area of bean seeds cv. Złota Saxa and yellow lupine seeds cv. Juno, calculated with the use of mathematical formulas based on the results of micrometer measurements and digital image analysis, differed significantly from the mean surface area determined with a 3D scanner. No significant differences in seed volume were observed when this parameter was measured with a 3D scanner and determined with the use of mathematical formulas based on the results of digital image analysis and micrometer measurements. The only differences were noted when the volume of yellow lupine seeds cv. Juno was measured in a 25 ml liquid pycnometer.

Choosing the Optimal Tissue Expander Size: A Single Center Randomized Clinical Trial on Chinese Microtia Patients’ Normal Ears Using 3D Scanning

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hefeng Sun ◽  
Pengfei Sun ◽  
Haiyue Jiang ◽  
Qinghua Yang ◽  
Tongtong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Tissue Expander ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Scatter Plot ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Expansion Technique ◽  
Length Width

Abstract The tissue expansion technique is the most suitable procedure for Chinese patients with microtia. However, it is difficult to determine whether the expanded flap is sufficient, and there are no clear or objective guidelines for determining the volume of the expander for different sizes of auricles. One hundred patients with unilateral microtia who visited our department in 2021 were randomly selected for auricular data collection using 3D scanning. The auricle length, width, projection, perimeter, and surface area were measured. Eight different volumes of expanders underwent CT and the surface areas of these expanders were measured. The surface areas of the auricles and expanders were compared and the correlation between them was explored. The average auricle parameters were calculated. The scatter plot showed a linear relationship between auricle length and auricle surface area (R2 = 0.9913), which demonstrated that the auricle area was approximately equal to the auricle length multiplied by 76.921. Additionally, the surface area of the expanders was measured and made into a table for selection against the surface area of the auricles. Using our equation, the auricle surface could be estimated by simply measuring the non-defective auricle length; therefore, the suitable volume of the expander could be determined.

Using ulcer surface area and volume to document wound size

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ulcer Size ◽  
Wound Size ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Dimensional Object ◽  
Area And Volume

The evaluation of ulcer size is normally limited to measuring length, width, and depth, and comparing those figures to previously obtained values. These comparisons are grossly inaccurate, and a more representative technique can be used by treating the ulceration as a three-dimensional object. The author proposes several mathematical formulae that are easily computed on a hand-held calculator. The formulae use the measurements of length, width, and depth, and translate those dimensions into surface area and volume.

3D reconstruction and calculation of surface area and volume of bell pepper

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113
Author(s):  
Zoltán Gillay ◽  
László Fenyvesi
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Area And Volume

There was a method developed that generates the three-dimensional model of not axisymmetric produce, based on an arbitrary number of photos. The model can serve as a basis for calculating the surface area and the volume of produce. The efficiency of the reconstruction was tested on bell peppers and artificial shapes. In case of bell peppers 3-dimensional reconstruction was created from 4 images rotated in 45° angle intervals. The surface area and the volume were estimated on the basis of the reconstructed area. Furthermore, a new and simple reference method was devised to give precise results for the surface area of bell pepper. The results show that this 3D reconstruction-based surface area and volume calculation method is suitable to determine the surface area and volume of definite bell peppers with an acceptable error.

scholarly journals Simple Equations Pertaining to the Particle Number and Surface Area of Metallic, Polymeric, Lipidic and Vesicular Nanocarriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
M. R. Mozafari ◽  
E. Mazaheri ◽  
K. Dormiani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Simple Equations

Introduction: Bioactive encapsulation and drug delivery systems have already found their way to the market as efficient therapeutics to combat infections, viral diseases and different types of cancer. The fields of food fortification, nutraceutical supplementation and cosmeceuticals have also been getting the benefit of encapsulation technologies. Aim: Successful formulation of such therapeutic and nutraceutical compounds requires thorough analysis and assessment of certain characteristics including particle number and surface area without the need to employ sophisticated analytical techniques. Solution: Here we present simple mathematical formulas and equations used in the research and development of drug delivery and controlled release systems employed for bioactive encapsulation and targeting the sites of infection and cancer in vitro and in vivo. Systems covered in this entry include lipidic vesicles, polymeric capsules, metallic particles as well as surfactant- and tocopherol-based micro- and nanocarriers.

Theoretical and empirical scaling patterns and topological homology in bone trabeculae.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-590
Author(s):  
S M Swartz ◽  
A Parker ◽  
C Huo
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Vertebrate Skeleton ◽  
Area And Volume

Trabecular or cancellous bone is a major element in the structural design of the vertebrate skeleton, but has received little attention from the perspective of the biology of scale. In this study, we investigated scaling patterns in the discrete bony elements of cancellous bone. First, we constructed two theoretical models, representative of the two extremes of realistic patterns of trabecular size changes associated with body size changes. In one, constant trabecular size (CTS), increases in cancellous bone volume with size arise through the addition of new elements of constant size. In the other model, constant trabecular geometry (CTG), the size of trabeculae increases isometrically. These models produce fundamentally different patterns of surface area and volume scaling. We then compared the models with empirical observations of scaling of trabecular dimensions in mammals ranging in mass from 4 to 40x10(6)g. Trabecular size showed little dependence on body size, approaching one of our theoretical models (CTS). This result suggests that some elements of trabecular architecture may be driven by the requirements of maintaining adequate surface area for calcium homeostasis. Additionally, we found two key consequences of this strongly negative allometry. First, the connectivity among trabecular elements is qualitatively different for small versus large animals; trabeculae connect primarily to cortical bone in very small animals and primarily to other trabeculae in larger animals. Second, small animals have very few trabeculae and, as a consequence, we were able to identify particular elements with a consistent position across individuals and, for some elements, across species. Finally, in order to infer the possible influence of gross differences in mechanical loading on trabecular size, we sampled trabecular dimensions extensively within Chiroptera and compared their trabecular dimensions with those of non-volant mammals. We found no systematic differences in trabecular size or scaling patterns related to locomotor mode.

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