Experimental Methodology to Find the Center of Gravity of a Solid

The center of gravity of a three-dimensional object found through an experimental method can be made easier and faster than when calculating the movement manually in order to make the movement in computer graphic images look more natural. In addition, in various sports such as skating, the score can be increased by appropriately moving the position of the center of gravity. Lastly, it is expected that it can be used even when the performance is high in the manufacturing process to increase the stability and speed of various means of transportation (eg, automobiles, airplanes, etc.).

Two-dimensional THz reflectometry of a periodic structure obtained by additive technology

This paper considers the development and application of a system of reflectometry for the analysis of the homogeneity of structures manufactured by additive technologies. A system of reflectometry based on a backward wave oscillator, a two-dimensional object positioning system and an optoacoustic detector (Goley cell) is described. The results of reflectometry of the hexagonal periodic structure of cells based on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene at a wavelength of 343 microns are presented.

Compression and Visualization Interactive of 3D Mesh

The combination of compression and visualization is mentioned as perspective, very few articles treat with this problem. Indeed, in this paper, we proposed a new approach to multiresolution visualization based on a combination of segmentation and multiresolution mesh compression. For this, we proposed a new segmentation method that benefits the organization of faces of the mesh followed by a progressive local compression of regions of mesh to ensure the refinement local of the three-dimensional object. Thus, the quantization precision is adapted to each vertex during the encoding /decoding process to optimize the rate-distortion compromise. The optimization of the treated mesh geometry improves the approximation quality and the compression ratio at each level of resolution. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm gives competitive results compared to the previous works dealing with the rate-distortion compromise and very satisfactory visual results.

Rethinking Facadism: The Contemporary New Zealand Villa

<p><b>The New Zealand Villa is a significant cultural icon of New Zealand. Its architecture encapsulates a rich story of New Zealand's colonial heritage, but preserving this legacy requires respect and understanding in the face of societal change. Presently, villa's are being 'modernised' by owners pressured to maintain the aesthetic 'respectability' of the traditional villa, while simultaneously demanding that their private realms reflect contemporary concerns. Differing expectations and conflict in architectural values results in an irretrievable loss of the villa's cultural integrity.</b></p> <p>As the villa becomes permanently entrenched in New Zealand's cultural heritage, an 'authentic' depiction of the architecture becomes subjected to facadism. District plans and heritage rules indirectly promote the 'authenticity' of facadism; however the term authentic is presented to the populace under false pretences resulting in spurious imitation forced upon villa's. Facadism results in a Potemkin City; replicated façades, insufficient in and lacking appreciation for, New Zealand's architectural history. This paper questions facadism in comparison to historical and contemporary methods of architectural change. It aims to rethink the notion of facadism and communicate alternative ways of approaching change that is honest and suitable to the aging dwelling and to the occupational demands of contemporary life.</p> <p>A methodology for assessing the New Zealand villa will analyse the social aspects of the traditional design through a contemporary lens. An analytical study will be conducted that will review the social and architectural attributes associated with the traditional villa and how it catered for demands and rituals of the Victorian society. It will evaluate the villa's position in contemporary society and focus attention to the roof as a horizontal facade. Principles will explore how the villa's traditional roof and planning attributes can be applied to contemporary lifestyle and cater for a changing occupancy.</p> <p>A design phase tests the principles through various sites and scales. The desired outcome will present a developed prototype of a 'non frontal' villa designed for the contemporary family unit. It sets out to achieve this through a series of tests exploring how the designed principles can develop a conceptual depiction of a villa. The design outcome of this thesis presents two conclusions. First a contemporary typology of the spatial language of the New Zealand villa and, second, that the villa's facade in contemporary environments has become a three dimensional object with a horizontal nature that needs to be catered for in contemporary architecture.</p>

Real-world size of objects serves as an axis of object space

Our mind can represent various objects from the physical world metaphorically into an abstract and complex high-dimensional object space, with a finite number of orthogonal axes encoding critical object features. However, little is known about what features serve as axes of the object space to critically affect object recognition. Here we asked whether the feature of objects’ real-world size constructed an axis of object space with deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) based on three criteria of sensitivity, independence and necessity that are impractical to be examined altogether with traditional approaches. A principal component analysis on features extracted by the DCNNs showed that objects’ real-world size was encoded by an independent axis, and the removal of this axis significantly impaired DCNN’s performance in recognizing objects. With a mutually-inspired paradigm of computational modeling and biological observation, we found that the shape of objects, rather than retinal size, co-occurrence, task demands and texture features, was necessary to represent the real-world size of objects for DCNNs and humans. In short, our study provided the first evidence supporting the feature of objects’ real-world size as an axis of object space, and devised a novel paradigm for future exploring the structure of object space.

Rethinking Facadism: The Contemporary New Zealand Villa

<p><b>The New Zealand Villa is a significant cultural icon of New Zealand. Its architecture encapsulates a rich story of New Zealand's colonial heritage, but preserving this legacy requires respect and understanding in the face of societal change. Presently, villa's are being 'modernised' by owners pressured to maintain the aesthetic 'respectability' of the traditional villa, while simultaneously demanding that their private realms reflect contemporary concerns. Differing expectations and conflict in architectural values results in an irretrievable loss of the villa's cultural integrity.</b></p> <p>As the villa becomes permanently entrenched in New Zealand's cultural heritage, an 'authentic' depiction of the architecture becomes subjected to facadism. District plans and heritage rules indirectly promote the 'authenticity' of facadism; however the term authentic is presented to the populace under false pretences resulting in spurious imitation forced upon villa's. Facadism results in a Potemkin City; replicated façades, insufficient in and lacking appreciation for, New Zealand's architectural history. This paper questions facadism in comparison to historical and contemporary methods of architectural change. It aims to rethink the notion of facadism and communicate alternative ways of approaching change that is honest and suitable to the aging dwelling and to the occupational demands of contemporary life.</p> <p>A methodology for assessing the New Zealand villa will analyse the social aspects of the traditional design through a contemporary lens. An analytical study will be conducted that will review the social and architectural attributes associated with the traditional villa and how it catered for demands and rituals of the Victorian society. It will evaluate the villa's position in contemporary society and focus attention to the roof as a horizontal facade. Principles will explore how the villa's traditional roof and planning attributes can be applied to contemporary lifestyle and cater for a changing occupancy.</p> <p>A design phase tests the principles through various sites and scales. The desired outcome will present a developed prototype of a 'non frontal' villa designed for the contemporary family unit. It sets out to achieve this through a series of tests exploring how the designed principles can develop a conceptual depiction of a villa. The design outcome of this thesis presents two conclusions. First a contemporary typology of the spatial language of the New Zealand villa and, second, that the villa's facade in contemporary environments has become a three dimensional object with a horizontal nature that needs to be catered for in contemporary architecture.</p>

Real-world size of objects serves as an axis of object space

Our mind can represent various objects from the physical world metaphorically into an abstract and complex high-dimensional object space, with a finite number of orthogonal axes encoding critical object features. Previous fMRI studies have shown that the middle fusiform sulcus in the ventral temporal cortex separates the real-world small-size map from the large-size map. Here we asked whether the feature of objects' real-world size constructed an axis of object space with deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) based on three criteria of sensitivity, independence and necessity that are impractical to be examined altogether with traditional approaches. A principal component analysis on features extracted by the DCNNs showed that objects' real-world size was encoded by an independent component, and the removal of this component significantly impaired DCNN's performance in recognizing objects. By manipulating stimuli, we found that the shape and texture of objects, rather than retina size, co-occurrence and task demands, accounted for the representation of the real-world size in the DCNNs. A follow-up fMRI experiment on humans further demonstrated that the shape, but not the texture, was used to infer the real-world size of objects in humans. In short, with both computational modeling and empirical human experiments, our study provided the first evidence supporting the feature of objects' real-world size as an axis of object space, and devised a novel paradigm for future exploring the structure of object space.

The Generalization of the Periodic Orbit Dividing Surface for Hamiltonian Systems with Three or More Degrees of Freedom – II

We develop a method for the construction of a dividing surface using periodic orbits in Hamiltonian systems with three or more degrees-of-freedom that is an alternative to the method presented in [ Katsanikas & Wiggins, 2021 ]. Similar to that method, for an [Formula: see text] degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian system, we extend a one-dimensional object (the periodic orbit) to a [Formula: see text] dimensional geometrical object in the energy surface of a [Formula: see text] dimensional space that has the desired properties for a dividing surface. The advantage of this new method is that it avoids the computation of the normally hyperbolic invariant manifold (NHIM) (as the first method did) and it is easier to numerically implement than the first method of constructing periodic orbit dividing surfaces. Moreover, this method has less strict required conditions than the first method for constructing periodic orbit dividing surfaces. We apply the new method to a benchmark example of a Hamiltonian system with three degrees-of-freedom for which we are able to investigate the structure of the dividing surface in detail. We also compare the periodic orbit dividing surfaces constructed in this way with the dividing surfaces that are constructed starting with a NHIM. We show that these periodic orbit dividing surfaces are subsets of the dividing surfaces that are constructed from the NHIM.

Principles governing the topological organization of object selectivities in ventral temporal cortex

To achieve the computational goal of rapidly recognizing miscellaneous objects in the environment despite large variations in their appearance, our mind represents objects in a high-dimensional object space to provide separable category information and enable the extraction of different kinds of information necessary for various levels of the visual processing. To implement this abstract and complex object space, the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) develops different object-selective regions with a certain topological organization as the physical substrate. However, the principle that governs the topological organization of object selectivities in the VTC remains unclear. Here, equipped with the wiring cost minimization principle constrained by the wiring length of neurons in the human temporal lobe, we constructed a hybrid self-organizing map (SOM) model as an artificial VTC (VTC-SOM) to explain how the abstract and complex object space is faithfully implemented in the brain. In two in silico experiments with the empirical brain imaging and single-unit data, our VTC-SOM predicted the topological structure of fine-scale functional regions (face-, object-, body-, and place-selective regions) and the boundary (i.e., middle Fusiform Sulcus) in large-scale abstract functional maps (animate vs. inanimate, real-word large-size vs. small-size, central vs. peripheral), with no significant loss in functionality (e.g., categorical selectivity, a hierarchy of view-invariant representations). These findings illustrated that the simple principle utilized in our model, rather than multiple hypotheses such as temporal associations, conceptual knowledge, and computational demands together, was apparently sufficient to determine the topological organization of object-selectivities in the VTC. In this way, the high-dimensional object space is implemented in a two-dimensional cortical surface of the brain faithfully.

Elementary Methods for Generating Three-Dimensional Coordinate Estimation and Image Reconstruction from Series of Two-Dimensional Images

The increase in computational power in recent years has opened a new door for image processing techniques. Three-dimensional object recognition, identification, pose estimation, and mapping are becoming popular. The need for real-world objects to be mapped into three-dimensional spatial representation is greatly increasing, especially considering the heap jump we obtained in the past decade in virtual reality and augmented reality. This paper discusses an algorithm to convert an array of captured images into estimated 3D coordinates of their external mappings. Elementary methods for generating three-dimensional models are also discussed. This framework will help the community in estimating three-dimensional coordinates of a convex-shaped object from a series of two-dimension images. The built model could be further processed for increasing the resemblance of the input object in terms of its shapes, contour, and texture.