3D reconstruction and calculation of surface area and volume of bell pepper

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113
Author(s):  
Zoltán Gillay ◽  
László Fenyvesi
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Area And Volume

There was a method developed that generates the three-dimensional model of not axisymmetric produce, based on an arbitrary number of photos. The model can serve as a basis for calculating the surface area and the volume of produce. The efficiency of the reconstruction was tested on bell peppers and artificial shapes. In case of bell peppers 3-dimensional reconstruction was created from 4 images rotated in 45° angle intervals. The surface area and the volume were estimated on the basis of the reconstructed area. Furthermore, a new and simple reference method was devised to give precise results for the surface area of bell pepper. The results show that this 3D reconstruction-based surface area and volume calculation method is suitable to determine the surface area and volume of definite bell peppers with an acceptable error.

scholarly journals An Anatomically Placed Tibial Tunnel does not Completely Surround a Simulated PCL Reconstruction Graft in the Proximal Tibia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Kim ◽  
Dustin Baker ◽  
Brian Albers ◽  
Scott G. Kaar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Tunnel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pcl Reconstruction ◽  
Posterior Cortex ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tibial Cortex ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract Introduction It is hypothesized that anatomic tunnel placement will create tunnels with violation of the posterior cortex and subsequently an oblique aperture that is not circumferentially surrounded by bone. In this article, we aimed to characterize posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tibial tunnel using a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) model. Methods Ten normal knee CTs with the patella, femur, and fibula removed were used. Simulated 11 mm PCL tibial tunnels were created at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees. The morphology of the posterior proximal tibial exit was examined with 3D modeling software. The length of tunnel not circumferentially covered (cortex violation) was measured to where the tibial tunnel became circumferential. The surface area and volume of the cylinder both in contact with the tibial bone and that not in contact with the tibia were determined. The percentages of the stick-out length surface area and volume not in contact with bone were calculated. Results The mean stick-out length of uncovered graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 26.3, 20.5, 17.3, and 12.7 mm, respectively. The mean volume of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 840.8, 596.2, 425.6, and 302.9 mm3, respectively. The mean percent of volume of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 32, 29, 25, and 24%, respectively. The mean surface of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 372.2, 280.4, 208.8, and 153.3 mm2, respectively. The mean percent of surface area of exposed graft at 55, 50, 45, and 40 degrees were 40, 39, 34, and 34%, respectively. Conclusion Anatomic tibial tunnel creation using standard transtibial PCL reconstruction techniques consistently risks posterior tibial cortex violation and creation of an oblique aperture posteriorly. This risk is decreased with decreasing the angle of the tibial tunnel, though the posterior cortex is still compromised with angles as low as 40 degrees. With posterior cortex violation, a surgeon should be aware that a graft within the tunnel or socket posteriorly may not be fully in contact with bone. This is especially relevant with inlay and socket techniques.

Triangulation Based on 3D Reconstruction Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 4249-4253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Jie Hou ◽  
Li Guo Gu
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Incremental Method ◽  
Mesh Model ◽  
Triangular Mesh Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

For decades of research on triangulation, Scattered surface area triangulation has achieved some results, but a lot of algorithms extended to three-dimensional space still have some problems.In this paper I analyzes the existing algorithms and propose a idea based on the Combination of the incremental method and divide algorithm ,which directly realize the triangulation of scattered points in space. Through the triangulation of space scattered point ,it's result eventually meet the triangular mesh model of the reconstruction and the mesh is very uniform. The model reproduce the object model intuitively and clearly. This study provide meaning of the reference and guide in such a work

Minecraft Comes to Math Class

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Moore
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Math Class ◽  
Area And Volume

Eighth-grade students use a character from Minecraft® to explore surface area and volume, resulting in the creation of a three-dimensional “Cylindrical Steve.”

scholarly journals Three-dimensional ATUM-SEM reconstruction and analysis of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum-organelle interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Linlin Li ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Jiazheng Liu ◽  
Jingbin Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Membrane Surface Area ◽  
Membrane Contact Sites

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a contiguous and complicated membrane network in eukaryotic cells, and membrane contact sites (MCSs) between the ER and other organelles perform vital cellular functions, including lipid homeostasis, metabolite exchange, calcium level regulation, and organelle division. Here, we establish a whole pipeline to reconstruct all ER, mitochondria, lipid droplets, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and nuclei by automated tape-collecting ultramicrotome scanning electron microscopy (ATUM-SEM) and deep-learning techniques, which generates an unprecedented 3D model for mapping liver samples. Furthermore, the morphology of various organelles is systematically analyzed. We found that the ER presents with predominantly flat cisternae and is knitted tightly all throughout the intracellular space and around other organelles. In addition, the ER has a smaller volume-to-membrane surface area ratio than other organelles, which suggests that the ER could be more suited for functions that require a large membrane surface area. Moreover, the MCSs between the ER and other organelles are explored. Our data indicate that ER-mitochondrial contacts are particularly abundant, especially for branched mitochondria. In addition, ER contacts with lipid droplets, lysosomes, and peroxisomes are also plentiful. In summary, we design an efficient method for obtaining a 3D reconstruction of biological structures at a nanometer resolution. Our study also provides the first 3D reconstruction of various organelles in liver samples together with important information fundamental for biochemical and functional studies in the liver.

3D Reconstruction of Proteasomes Using Random Conical Tilting

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
R. Hegerl ◽  
G. Pfeifer ◽  
B. Dahlmann ◽  
W. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Cylinder Axis ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Image Pairs

Proteasomes isolated from the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum and negatively stained with ammonium molybdate appear in two preferred orientations on electron micrographs. Describing the particle roughly as cylinder-shaped, the orientations "end-on" and "side-on" are defined by the cylinder axis being normal and parallel to the specimen support, respectively. Two-dimensional averages are available from both views. The complexity of the particle, however, prevents an intuitive deduction of a three-dimensional model from these two views. Due to the occurence of two preferred orientations, the object is, in principle, well suited for a 3D reconstruction based on random conical tilting. The side-on view was used for 3D reconstruction for two reasons: First, two-dimensional averages led us to suppose that the particles do not suffer from rotations around their cylinder axis, and second, parallelism of the long cylinder axis and the specimen support promises to give a stable object inclination.The proteasomes were isolated and prepared for electron microscopy as described previously. Many pairs of micrographs were taken in a Philips EM 420 at a magnification of 36000 and an electron dose of about 2000 e/nm2. The first exposure of each pair shows the specimen with a tilt angle of about 60 deg, the second one is untilted (Fig. 1). Several image pairs were selected for computer processing using a favourable distribution of particles and acceptable focus conditions as selection criteria. After digitizing corresponding areas (2048 by 2048 pixels, pixel size 15 μm = 0.42 nm at object level) in each pair using an Eikonix 1412 camera, small images of single particles were extracted from the untilted image and aligned with respect to translation and rotation. Knowing the tilt angle and tilt axis azimuth, position and rotation parameters of the particles could be transferred to the tilted image thus enabling the extraction of a set 227 of projections ready for a three-dimensional back projection (Fig. 2). All computation was done with the EM-system.

Earthwork Actuarial Software System Design and Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
Qiao Mei Su ◽  
Jian Min Wang ◽  
Jiao Jiao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Software System ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Special Software

Earthwork is an important content in engineering construction. This paper explores a scientific method of earthwork calculation, designs and develops corresponding software which accurately calculates the earthwork, effectively reduces engineering investment and budget deviation. It mainly studies the three-dimensional model building by the complex form through two period observations. The model building methodology mainly adopts the elevation of two period observation data`s mutual insertion to establish the two period superposition triangle net. And then getting the method of calculating tri-prism volume formed by triangular. This method, the volume calculation principle is simple, high precision, and the design of the special software system is based on the above method. At present, the software system applies in the engineering, and it has computational fast, convenient, results accuracy and reliable etc., advantages.

scholarly journals THE INVARIATOR DESIGN: AN UPDATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Manuel Cruz-Orive ◽  
Ximo Gual-Arnau
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Test Line ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Euclidean Spaces ◽  
Oriented Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Area And Volume

The invariator is a method to generate a test line within an isotropically oriented plane through a fixed point, in such a way that the test line is effectively motion invariant in three dimensional space. Generalizations exist for non Euclidean spaces. The invariator design is convenient to estimate surface area and volume simultaneously. In recent years a number of new results have appeared which call for an updated survey. We include two new estimators, namely the a posteriori weighting estimator for surface area and volume, and the peak-and-valley formula for surface area.

Leafing through Irregular Shapes

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Alessandra King
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
School Students ◽  
Classroom Experience ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Area And Volume

By the time middle school students start a prealgebra course, they should have explored a variety of familiar two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes and should have been exposed to the concepts of perimeter, area, and volume. They know that they can assign numerical values to some attributes of a shape, such as length and surface area. However, my classroom experience confirms the statement that although “students may have developed an initial understanding of area…, many will need additional experiences in measuring directly to deepen their understanding of the area of two-dimensional shapes” (NCTM 2000, p. 242). In addition, the students' previous practice with area is usually with polygons, circles, or a combination of both. However, many real-life objects cannot be described or approximated with simple geometric shapes or with combinations of shapes. Therefore, this activity, which asks students to estimate the area of irregular shapes using finer and finer grids, is not only novel but also a way to apply mathematics to real life.

Using ulcer surface area and volume to document wound size

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ulcer Size ◽  
Wound Size ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Dimensional Object ◽  
Area And Volume

The evaluation of ulcer size is normally limited to measuring length, width, and depth, and comparing those figures to previously obtained values. These comparisons are grossly inaccurate, and a more representative technique can be used by treating the ulceration as a three-dimensional object. The author proposes several mathematical formulae that are easily computed on a hand-held calculator. The formulae use the measurements of length, width, and depth, and translate those dimensions into surface area and volume.

3D Reconstruction of Typhoon and Thunderstorm Cloud Top Using Airborne Camera 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl Algodon ◽  
Yukihiro Takahashi ◽  
Mitsuteru Sato ◽  
Hisayuki Kubota ◽  
Tetsuro Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Infrared Band ◽  
Altitude Distribution ◽  
Distribution Ranges

<p>Typhoons are extreme weather phenomena that inflict damages and casualties around globe. These phenomena are difficult to study because of their chaotic behaviour but the capacity to measure their intensity can help mitigate the hazards that they bring. In the past, several attempts have been done to relate typhoon's intensity with the structural evolution of its eye. This suggests the possible relation between the typhoon intensity with typhoon eye altitude. In this research, we visualize Typhoon Trami’s structure by reconstructing the three-dimensional model inside its eye and analyze the information of its cloud top altitude. An experiment was conducted under the SATREPS/ULAT project (SATREPS: Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development, ULAT: Understanding Lightning and Thunderstorm) where images of Typhoon Trami were taken from an aircraft last September 26, 2018. Aircraft images were used to reconstruct the 3D model inside the typhoon eye because they provide closer views of the typhoon than that of geostationary satellite images, making it easier to reconstruct a 3D model. The 3D reconstruction generated covers 43 km region of the typhoon eye at 20.2 m/pixel spatial resolution. Three cross-sections of the 3D model were analyzed, and the resulting altitude distribution was compared with the cloud-top altitude estimated by mapping the brightness temperature of the Himawari Thermal Infrared Band 13 with cloud-top height as measured by NOAA sonde data. From the 3D model, the altitude distribution ranges from 5.3 km to 14.3 km which corresponds with the altitude estimated from the brightness temperature of 6.5 km to 14.3 km. However, regions of altitude difference can also be observed between the two methods. This study shows that a three-dimensional model could be a good mode of typhoon visualization as it shows a more detailed typhoon structure such as the stairstep structures that was detected at some regions within the typhoon eye. This research was supported by SATREPS, funded by Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) / Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document