scholarly journals Technical and Economic Assessment of Micro-Cogeneration Systems for Residential Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Atănăsoae
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Individual Household

The benefits of cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) of large power systems are well proven. The technical and economic viability of micro-cogeneration systems is discussed in this paper as it compares to the separate production of electricity and heat. A case study for an individual household is also provided to better understand the benefits of small power cogeneration from renewable energy sources. Two micro-CHP systems are considered for analysis: the first with Stirling engine, and the second with Rankine Organic Cycle. The reference scenario is an individual household with a gas boiler and electricity from the public network. The results show that it is possible that the payback period for the micro-CHP from renewable energy sources will fall below the accepted average value (<15 years) without the support schemes. The economic and environmental benefits of small power cogeneration systems compared to the traditional scenario are highlighted.

scholarly journals The Potential of Using Renewable Energy Sources in Poland Taking into Account the Economic and Ecological Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7525
Author(s):  
Mariusz Niekurzak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Starting Point

The aim of the manuscript was to present the collective results of research on the profitability of using various renewable sources in Poland with the greatest development potential. In the paper, the economic parameters of various investment projects were determined and calculated, i.e., Net Capital Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Period of Return on Invested Capital (PBT). The economic assessment of the use of RES technologies was supplemented with the assessment of environmental benefits. The ecological criterion adopted in the study was the assessment of the potential and costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as a result of replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy technologies. On the basis of the constructed economic model to assess the profitability of investments, it has been shown that the analyzed projects will start to bring, depending on their type and technical specification, measurable economic benefits in the form of a reduction in the amount of energy purchased on an annual basis and environmental benefits in the form of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Moreover, the calculations show a high potential for the use of certain renewable sources in Poland, which contributes to the fulfillment of energy and emission obligations towards the EU. The analyzes and research of the Polish energy market with the use of the presented models have shown that the project is fully economically justified and will allow investors to make a rational decision on the appropriate selection of a specific renewable energy source for their investment. The presented economic models to assess the profitability of investments in renewable energy sources can be successfully used in other countries and can also be a starting point for a discussion about the direction of energy development. Due to the lack of collective, original and up-to-date research on the domestic market, the manuscript provides the reader with the necessary knowledge regarding the legitimacy of using renewable energy sources, investment and environmental profitability.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Load Frequency Control for Power Systems with Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mokhtar ◽  
Mostafa I. Marei ◽  
Mariam A. Sameh ◽  
Mahmoud A. Attia
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Load Variations

The frequency of power systems is very sensitive to load variations. Additionally, with the increased penetration of renewable energy sources in electrical grids, stabilizing the system frequency becomes more challenging. Therefore, Load Frequency Control (LFC) is used to keep the frequency within its acceptable limits. In this paper, an adaptive controller is proposed to enhance the system performance under load variations. Moreover, the proposed controller overcomes the disturbances resulting from the natural operation of the renewable energy sources such as Wave Energy Conversion System (WECS) and Photovoltaic (PV) system. The superiority of the proposed controller compared to the classical LFC schemes is that it has auto tuned parameters. The validation of the proposed controller is carried out through four case studies. The first case study is dedicated to a two-area LFC system under load variations. The WECS is considered as a disturbance for the second case study. Moreover, to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller, the dynamic performance is compared with previous work based on an optimized controller in the third case study. Finally in the fourth case study, a sensitivity analysis is carried out through parameters variations in the nonlinear PV-thermal hybrid system. The novel application of the adaptive controller into the LFC leads to enhance the system performance under disturbance of different sources of renewable energy. Moreover, a robustness test is presented to validate the reliability of the proposed controller.

scholarly journals Influence of Photovoltaic Development on Decarbonization of Power Generation—Example of Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7819
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Lew ◽  
Beata Sadowska ◽  
Katarzyna Chudy-Laskowska ◽  
Grzegorz Zimon ◽  
Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Willingness To Use

Climate change is becoming a global problem. In many countries, actions are taken with the main aim of reducing CO2 emissions. The main action, especially in developed countries, is decarbonization. The European Union has become one of the organizations that plays a leading role in decarbonization of the economy. For this reason, renewable energy sources are being intensively developed in the EU countries. Solar energy with the use of PV installations is developing the fastest. Poland is one of the European leaders in photovoltaic development, and according to estimates for 2021–2025, it will continue to be. The aim of this study was to find out the opinions of people toward actions related to the decarbonization policy in Poland. These opinions were obtained through the prism of respondents’ attitudes toward energy produced by means of PV micro-installations. A questionnaire survey was used in this research. The survey was conducted using the CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) technique. To analyze the results of the study, a Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test and U–Mann Whitney test were used. Responses were obtained from 633 people. The results obtained from the survey allowed us to draw conclusions, which include the following: (1) a lack of general conviction of respondents about the effectiveness of Poland’s decarbonization policy on reducing global CO2 emissions, especially among those who show a higher willingness to use PV installations, (2) the willingness to use PV installations is motivated by economic rather than environmental benefits, (3) the need for more widespread public campaigns aimed at promoting the benefits of decarbonization and renewable energy sources, and (4) the finding that the respondents’ region of residence (with a different degree of insolation) mattered for the willingness to use PV installations.

scholarly journals Operating Performance of Power Systems Integrated HVDC Solution: KonTum-GiaLai Transmission System Case Considering Penetration of Renewable Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4.2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Kim Hung Le ◽  
Ngoc Thien Nam Tran ◽  
Viet Tri Nguyen ◽  
The Khanh Truong ◽  
Minh Quan Duong
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Hvdc System ◽  
Hvdc Transmission

The increasing demand for electricity along with the development of distributed generators showed that improving transmission efficiency and reliability is an indispensable requirement in the operation of the power system. Advanced technologies need to be applied to modern power systems for purposes of conveying large power flows, mitigating the risk of faults. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is now considered an effective solution for investment in large-length power lines, replacing the conventional high-voltage alternative current (HVAC) transmission system, especially in period of increasing generation capacity due to the penetration of renewable energy sources. This study assesses the performance of the HVDC system on an actual power grid based on planning and improvement demands. The calculation results of power flows, power losses and short-circuit faults were investigated using ETAP software X  

scholarly journals Converter-driven Stability Analysis of Power Systems Integrated with Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Luo ◽  
Yiqing Zou ◽  
Siqi Bu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Modal Interaction ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

Various renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic (PV) have been increasingly integrated into the power system through power electronic converters in recent years. However, power electronic converter-driven stability issues under specific circumstances, for instance, modal resonances might deteriorate the dynamic performance of the power systems or even threaten the overall stability. In this paper, the integration impact of a hybrid renewable energy source (HRES) system on modal interaction and converter-driven stability is investigated in an IEEE 16-machine 68-bus power system. Firstly, an HRES system is introduced, which consists of full converter-based wind power generation (FCWG) and full converter-based photovoltaic generation (FCPV). The equivalent dynamic models of FCWG and FCPV are then established, followed by the linearized state-space modeling. On this basis, converter-driven stability analyses are performed to reveal the modal resonance mechanisms of the interconnected power systems and the modal interaction phenomenon. Additionally, time-domain simulations are conducted to verify effectiveness of dynamic models and support the converter-driven stability analysis results. To avoid detrimental modal resonances, an optimization strategy is further proposed by retuning the controller parameters of the HRES system. The overall results demonstrate the modal interaction effect between external AC power system and the HRES system and its various impacts on converter-driven stability.

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