scholarly journals Geographical Modelling of Transit Deserts in Cape Town

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Marianne Vanderschuren ◽  
Robert Cameron ◽  
Alexandra Newlands ◽  
Herrie Schalekamp
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Global North

The World Bank calculated South Africa’s 2018 Gini Coefficient to be 0.63, which made it the world’s most unequal country. Such inequality is perpetuated by land-use patterns still influenced by the apartheid past. The resulting urban form necessitates long travel distances, often relying on fragmented transit modes, each with their own geographical and temporal constraints. This study applies work on transit deserts in cities in the global north to Cape Town, aiming to assess the methodological transferability to the global south, and generating case study results. In the Cape Town case, the study first analyses transit deserts based on formal public transport supply (bus rapid transit, traditional bus and train), identifying that ten out of 18 traffic analysis zones were classified as transit gaps (some unserved demand), while three of these zones qualified as transit deserts (significant undersupply). Like its U.S. counterparts, excess supply is found near Cape Town’s city centre. In Cape Town, the transit gaps/deserts are partly filled by unscheduled minibus-taxis. When this informal public transport service is added, the transit deserts disappear; however, half of the transport analysis zones still qualify as having transit gaps. It is, therefore, concluded that informal public transit in Cape Town reduces the transit gap, but does not eliminate it.

scholarly journals A comparison between soil loss evaluation index and the C-factor of RUSLE: a case study in the Loess Plateau of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2739-2748 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Zhao ◽  
B. J. Fu ◽  
L. D. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Low Area ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
High Area ◽  
Land Use Types

Abstract. Land use and land cover are most important in quantifying soil erosion. Based on the C-factor of the popular soil erosion model, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and a scale-pattern-process theory in landscape ecology, we proposed a multi-scale soil loss evaluation index (SL) to evaluate the effects of land use patterns on soil erosion. We examined the advantages and shortcomings of SL for small watershed (SLsw) by comparing to the C-factor used in RUSLE. We used the Yanhe watershed located on China's Loess Plateau as a case study to demonstrate the utilities of SLsw. The SLsw calculation involves the delineations of the drainage network and sub-watershed boundaries, the calculations of soil loss horizontal distance index, the soil loss vertical distance index, slope steepness, rainfall-runoff erosivity, soil erodibility, and cover and management practice. We used several extensions within the geographic information system (GIS), and AVSWAT2000 hydrological model to derive all the required GIS layers. We compared the SLsw with the C-factor to identify spatial patterns to understand the causes for the differences. The SLsw values for the Yanhe watershed are in the range of 0.15 to 0.45, and there are 593 sub-watersheds with SLsw values that are lower than the C-factor values (LOW) and 227 sub-watersheds with SLsw values higher than the C-factor values (HIGH). The HIGH area have greater rainfall-runoff erosivity than LOW area for all land use types. The cultivated land is located on the steeper slope or is closer to the drainage network in the horizontal direction in HIGH area in comparison to LOW area. The results imply that SLsw can be used to identify the effect of land use distribution on soil loss, whereas the C-factor has less power to do it. Both HIGH and LOW areas have similar soil erodibility values for all land use types. The average vertical distances of forest land and sparse forest land to the drainage network are shorter in LOW area than that in HIGH area. Other land use types have shorter average vertical distances in HIGH area than that LOW area. SLsw has advantages over C-factor in its ability to specify the subwatersheds that require the land use patterns optimization by adjusting the locations of land uses to minimize soil loss.

Villages in the City: Patterns of Urbanization in the Pearl River Delta, Dakar, and Zanzibar

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-76
Author(s):  
Garth Myers
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
The City

The second chapter centers on patterns, specifically the geographic land-use and housing patterns common to rapid urbanization that overtakes the surrounding countryside. The chapter uses the Chinese concept of chengzhongcun, or urbanized village, along with the related concepts of chengbiancun and chengwaicun, villages on the city-edge and in the suburbs, and Chinese scholarship analyzing what happens to them in the PRD. The chapter applies these ideas to other similarly rapid urban transformations in Dakar and Zanzibar, with references to the comparability in other cities of the book. The purpose is to work toward conceptualizing from outside global North frameworks when looking at land-use patterns in urbanization. If one seeks to understand the patterns of 21st century planetary urbanization, one ought to look at the places where those patterns are most rapidly transforming the landscape and find the language there that is used to describe and analyze them. This chapter is a small experiment in doing so.

Distribution of heavy metals in topsoils affected by land use patterns at a small watershed scale: a case study in the Bantou Reservoir watershed in Xiamen, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
李清良 LI Qingliang ◽  
吴倩 WU Qian ◽  
高进波 GAO Jinbo ◽  
马军 MA Jun ◽  
徐秋芳 XU Qiufang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Small Watershed ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Reservoir Watershed

scholarly journals Making Way for the Car: Minimum Parking Requirements and Porirua City Centre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Angus Hulme-Moir
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Choice Data ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
Business District

<p>Minimum parking requirements (MPRs) mandate that each new development provides enough parking to ensure ample provision at the time of peak demand. This approach tends to oversupply parking above the optimal level, and by bundling parking into the development costs, ensures that parking is free to the user. As a result, land-use and transport decisions are distorted. A case study of Porirua central business district (CBD) was undertaken to investigate the use of MPRs in the New Zealand context, and to assess their impacts on transport and land-use patterns. Findings indicate that MPRs tend to oversupply parking relative to weekly mean and peak occupancies. Land use mapping found that 24 percent of CBD land is allocated to car parking and MPRs were shown to contribute to dispersed development patterns. Stated choice data and a cost recovery model for car parking highlight how free and ample car parking provision favours car driving and has distortionary impacts on travel decisions.</p>

scholarly journals Towards a more effective and efficient public transport system : a case study

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dhiren Allopi
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Forced Flow ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
System A ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Government

The Government of South Africa has recognised transport as one of its five main priority areas for socia-economic development. One of the Governments strategic objectives, as reflected in the white paper on National Transport Policy, is to promote the use of public transport with the goal of achieving a ratio of 80:20 between public transport and private car usage, as a long term vision. This is no easy task and in order to achieve this goal, an in depth analysis of the current transport situation is required. The structure and land-use patterns of most of the South African cities have forced the residents to be predominantly dependent on private transport, resulting in high car ownerships. Over the years, this has caused the traffic on the major links connecting the suburban areas leading to the city centres to be very high and some of them have already approached forced flow conditions during morning and evening peak periods

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document