scholarly journals New Decentralized Control of Mesh AC Microgrids: Study, Stability, and Robustness Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2243
Author(s):  
Youssef Hennane ◽  
Abdelmajid Berdai ◽  
Jean-Philippe Martin ◽  
Serge Pierfederici ◽  
Farid Meibody-Tabar
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Reconfigurable Mesh ◽  
Decentralized Controllers ◽  
Common Coupling

In this paper, we investigated the power sharing issues in mesh islanded microgrids that contain several distributed generators (DGs) and loads connected to different points of common coupling (PCC). Firstly, an improved decentralized droop control algorithm is proposed to achieve the active and reactive power sharing of different DGs in reconfigurable mesh islanded microgrids. Accurate power sharing was obtained even though line parameters or the mesh microgrid configuration were unknown. Secondly a state-space model of the whole mesh microgrid was developed, considering several generators with their decentralized controllers, line feeders, and dynamic loads. This model was used to design parameters of droop controllers, to study the asymptotic stability and the robustness properties of the system. All strategies and analyses were validated by simulation based on the generic microgrid detailed in the standard IEEE 9bus test feeder.

scholarly journals Study and modelling of droop-controlled islanded mesh microgrids

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Youssef Hennane ◽  
Abdelmajid Berdai ◽  
Serge Pierfederici ◽  
Farid Meibody-Tabar ◽  
Vitaliy Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Single Point ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling

The active and reactive power sharing of distributed generation sources (DGs) connected to isolated microgrids with a single point of common coupling (mono-PCC) to which the loads are also connected has already been the subject of several studies. A high penetration rate of DGs based on renewable energies has as a logical consequence the development and implementation of mesh and more complex multi- PCC microgrids. In this paper, a developed droop control method for synchronization and power sharing between different DGs connected to a mesh islanded multi-PCC microgrid with many distributed generation sources (DGs) and different type of loads (including active load (CPL)) randomly connected to different PCCs is applied. Then, a state model of the entire mesh microgrid is developed integrating the generators with their controllers, power lines, droop algorithms and dynamic loads. This model is then used to study the asymptotic stability and robustness properties of the system. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the applied strategies for the synchronization of the different DGs to the microgrid while ensuring an efficient active and reactive power sharing. also, they confirm the validity of the developed state space model of the system.

scholarly journals Consensus Control of Distributed Energy Resources in a Multi-Bus Microgrid for Reactive Power Sharing and Voltage Control

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yu ◽  
Di Shi ◽  
Guangyue Xu ◽  
Xiaobin Guo ◽  
Zhen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Consensus Control ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Major Factors

The hierarchical control architecture, including layers of primary, secondary and tertiary controls, is becoming the standard operating paradigm for microgrids (MGs). Two major factors that limit the adoption of existing hierarchical control in microgrid are the low accuracy in reactive power sharing and the requirement for complex communication infrastructure. This paper addresses this problem by proposing a novel distributed primary and secondary control for distributed generators dispersed in a multi-bus microgrid. The proposed method realizes voltage control and accurate reactive power sharing in a distributed manner using minimum communication. Each distributed generator only needs its own information and minimum information from its neighboring units. Topology of the network can be flexible which supports the plug-and-play feature of microgrids. In a distribution system, high R/X ratio and system imbalance can no longer be neglected and thus the sequence component analysis and virtual impedance are implemented in the proposed control framework. The proposed framework is validated by simulation results on a MG testbed modified from the IEEE 13-bus distribution system.

scholarly journals Autonomous microgrid based parallel inverters using droop controller for improved power sharing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2302-2310
Author(s):  
Siddaraj Siddaraj ◽  
Udaykumar R. Yaragatti ◽  
Nagendrappa H. ◽  
Vikash Kumar Jhunjhunwala
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Inverters ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Current Controller ◽  
Power Frequency

The existing microgrid has become a challenge to the sustainable energy source to provide a better quality of power to the consumer. To build a reliable and efficient microgrid, designing a droop controller for the microgrid is of utmost importance. In this paper, multiple voltage source inverters connected in parallel using an active power-frequency/reactive power-voltage droop scheme. The proposed method connected to two distributed generators local controllers, where each unit consists of a droop controller with an inner voltage-current controller and a virtual droop controller. By adding this controller to the microgrid reliability and load adaptability of an islanded system can be improved. This concept applied without any real-time communication to the microgrid. Thus, simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, the obtained results prove the effectiveness of the autonomous operation's microgrid model.

Effective Communication-Based Reactive Power Sharing Scheme for Meshed Microgrid in an Islanded Mode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Daniel ◽  
Suchitra Dayalan
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Islanded Mode ◽  
Radial Network ◽  
Virtual Impedance

Microgrids (MGs) are the most sought out and feasible solution for the present energy crisis. MG is a group of Distributed Generators (DGs) interacting with each other to provide energy to a defined local area. The inclusion of DGs into the conventional power system at various voltage levels has altered the topology of the power system and their control techniques. Hence, the MGs can no longer be considered as a traditional radial network but rather a meshed network. The control and operation of such practical MGs become a challenge, especially when operated in the islanded mode. This research paper considers a realistic meshed MG operating in an islanded mode for study. In an islanded MG, the issues of real and reactive power sharing among DGs are addressed so that the power contribution of each DG is proportional to its rating, thus preventing overload and ensuring reliable operation. A communication-based virtual impedance estimation is proposed in addition to the droop controller for proportionate real and reactive power sharing among DGs in a meshed MG. With the increased complexity of meshed MG, the proposed communication-based control scheme offers an efficient reactive power sharing between DGs without the feeder and network impedance requirements. A MATLAB simulation study proves the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for a meshed MG with equal DG ratings and unequal DG ratings under changing load conditions.

An Improved Virtual Capacitor Algorithm for Reactive Power Sharing in Multi-Paralleled Distributed Generators

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 10786-10795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizhen Xu ◽  
Changzhou Yu ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Qinglong Wang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Distributed Generators

scholarly journals Power Management Strategy for Photovoltaic based Distributed Generators Operating in Parallel

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Urvi Nikunj Patel ◽  
Hiren H Patel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Uniform Heating ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Pv Inverter ◽  
Power Management Strategy ◽  
Distributed Generators

In many countries, the grid-code or standards do not allow the Photovoltaic (PV) inverters to exchange reactive power with the grid. Recently, some countries have relaxed the standards. Hence, capacity of the inverters to control reactive power must be utilized. However, the reactive power that a PV inverter can supply is constrained by the maximum power that a PV array generates and changes with the environmental conditions. A reactive power sharing algorithm is proposed that not only ensures proper distribution of reactive power amongst the inverters, but also ensures that the maximum power generated by PV is supplied to the grid. In case of identical PV inverters, the algorithm operates all inverters at nearly equal apparent power leading to nearly equal percentage utilization of the inverters, thereby achieving uniform heating of the similar devices of the inverters. The algorithms are further investigated for power sharing amongst PV inverters of unequal ratings. It is highlighted that the proposed algorithm results into the least change in the utilization factor of a PV inverter, whose power changes due to the change in environmental conditions. The effectiveness of the algorithm over other algorithms in sharing power amongst inverters is displayed through MATLAB/Simulink simulations.

scholarly journals Adaptive Droop Gain-Based Event-Triggered Consensus Reactive Power Sharing in Microgrids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Linyun Xiong ◽  
Penghan Li ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Sunhua Huang ◽  
Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
System Reliability ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Communication Reduction ◽  
Event Triggered

This paper proposes an adaptive droop gain-based consensus approach for reactive power sharing in microgrids (MGs) with the event triggered communication protocol (ETCP). A multi-agent system-based network is constructed to establish the communication with distributed generators (DGs) in MGs. An ETCP is proposed to reduce the communication among agents to save resources and improve system reliability, as the communication is only needed when the event triggered condition is fulfilled. A stability analysis is conducted to guarantee the existence of the equilibrium point and the freeness of the Zeno solution. Moreover, an adaptive droop gain is designed to reduce the impact of imbalanced feeder impedances. Four case studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the ETCP-based approach is capable of achieving power sharing consensus, communication reduction and shifting the information exchange mode based on the operation scenarios.

scholarly journals Reactive power sharing in microgrid using virtual voltage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2743
Author(s):  
Eder A. Molina-Viloria ◽  
John E. Candelo Becerra ◽  
Fredy E. Hoyos Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Additional Coefficient

The traditional droop control strategy has been applied previously in microgrids (MGs) to share accurately the active power. However, in some cases the result obtained when sharing reactive power is not the best, because of the parameters related to the distances from distributed generators (DGs) to the loads and the power variations. Therefore, this paper proposes a reactive power control strategy for a low voltage MG, where the unequal impedance related to the distances between generators and loads requires adjustments to work with the conventional frequency and voltage droop methods. Thus, an additional coefficient is calculated from parameters of the network that relate the location of elements. The test is perfomed by simulations in the MATLAB-Simulink software, considering a three-node MG with three DGs and a load that can change power at different periods of time. The results show that it is possible to improve reactive power sharing between the DGs located in the MG according to the load changes simulated and to improve voltages with this method.

scholarly journals Reactive power sharing among distributed generators in a microgrid by using virtual current

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Eder A. Molina-Viloria ◽  
John Edwin Candelo Becerra ◽  
Fredy Edimer Hoyos Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Current Loop ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Margin Of Stability ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Current Controller ◽  
Electrical Loads

This paper presents a new autonomous effective power distribution control strategy for three-phase parallel inverters. The proposal uses a controller that can provide the system with accurate power sharing among distributed generators installed in the microgrid once some load variations are presented in the network. The methodology uses a virtual current loop introduced into the current controller of the inverter to optimize the output signal, which goes directly to the PWM. This virtual current is obtained by using a virtual impedance loop. Furthermore, a small-signal model of the system is used to check stability of the proposed control strategy, which was developed for island mode operation of the microgrid. Simulations were performed for a microgrid with two generators and a load with five households and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink software. The results show that the model provides a wide margin of stability and a rapid response when electrical loads change, thus fulfilling the reactive power sharing among generators. The proposed method shows a large margin of stability and a rapid transient response of the system.

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